Deck 13: Managing Principles

Question 1

The school of management thought associated with Elton Mayo is known as ______.

A)the Hawthorne School
B)the Human Relations School
C)the Scientific Management School
D)the Mayo Clinic School

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The phenomenon whereby the presence of researchers in a workplace affects worker productivity and performance is known as ______.

A)the Follett effect
B)the placebo effect
C)the Hawthorne effect
D)the Fayol effect

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A video surveillance camera,or a computer tracking system,is a modern version of which classic organizational design?

A)a bureaucracy
B)a Trojan horse
C)a panopticon
D)a prison

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which classic thinker introduced the organizational design concept of the 'panopticon'?

A)Adam Smith
B)Karl Marx
C)Max Weber
D)Jeremy Bentham

Question 5

Which of the following is one of the three principles of Mary Parker Follett's management theory?

A)Management must clearly establish their power over subordinates,and subordinates must accept their position.
B)Management must establish legitimate authority from which flows from an entitlement to exercise power.
C)Management must find the one best way to manage and ensure people abide by that one best way.
D)none of these

Question 6

According to Cooke (2003)modern-day organizational practices emerged from forms of punishment and control used in ______.

A)the building of ancient Greek architecture
B)the design of spinning machines
C)the slave trade
D)the U.S.marines

Question 7

Which one of the following management theorists argued that organizations should emphasize co-active power between people,rather than management power over people?

A)Henri Fayol
B)Elton Mayo
C)Mary Parker Follett
D)F.W.Taylor

Question 8

Fayol (1949)argues that in organizations some people are the 'brains' and others are the 'hands'.In his view,______.

A)the organization is a giant cell,like an amoeba
B)the organization is a giant organism,like a person
C)the organization is a jolly green giant
D)the organization is a brain

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a central concept in scientific management?

A)a 'one best way' of organizing
B)routinization and standardization
C)specialization
D)teamwork

Question 10

According to your text book what was a major contributor to the growth in the size of businesses in the mid-1800s?

A)the introduction of limited liability legislation
B)the introduction of lunch breaks
C)the growth of poverty
D)globalization

Question 11

What lessons did researcher's draw from the Hawthorne studies concerning informal relations in the workplace?

A)that changing lighting in a workplace increased productivity of workers
B)that the interior design of a workplace is critical to worker productivity
C)that when workers form social relations at work,their productivity increases
D)that if workers are allowed to become too social their productivity decreases

Question 12

F.W.Taylor is associated with which school of management thought?

A)human relations
B)scientific management
C)critical management
D)postmodernism

Question 13

According to your text book,why was Mary Parker Follett unique amongst her contemporaries?

A)because she saw that the central questions of organization turned on questions of power,legitimacy and authority
B)because she was the first to separate power from hierarchy
C)because she showed managers how power could be used to make workers work harder with less
D)because she saw that the central questions of organization turned on questions of power,legitimacy and authority,and that she was the first to separate power from hierarchy

Question 14

The notion of esprit de corps emphasizes harmony and cohesion amongst organizational members.Which of the following management theorists is credited with the term?

A)Henry Mintzberg
B)F.W.Taylor
C)Henri Fayol
D)Max Weber

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a principle emphasized by the Human Relations School?

A)Work should be seen as a group rather than an individual activity.
B)Informal social relationships at work have a profound influence on worker's well-being.
C)The workplace is an interdependent social system.
D)If tasks are separated into easily identifiable components workers will be much happier.

Question 16

Mary Parker Follett was the first management theorist to emphasize that ______.

A)power is an inevitable part of organizations
B)organizations often negate democracy
C)all members of an organization must be able to exercise power
D)all of these

Question 17

If a manager selects an employee to fit the task,trains that employee so she learns the best way of doing things,and then monitored her closely,that manager would be adhering to the principles of ______.

A)human relations
B)scientific management
C)autocratic management
D)transactional management

Question 18

Which of the following is a key principle of Chester Barnard's ideas about organizing?

A)Individual behaviour is rarely predictable.
B)Effective and efficient communication is central to decision making.
C)Authority only exists in so far as people are willing to accept it.
D)all of these

Question 19

The Human Relations School criticized earlier management thought because ______.

A)it ignored the role of rules and procedures in guiding people at work
B)it over-emphasized the role of team work in organizations
C)it underplayed the important role that social relationships play in organizations
D)it over-emphasized the role of team work in organizations,and underplayed the important role that social relationships play in organizations

Question 20

An idea central to the concept of the 'panopticon' is ______.

A)those being observed are scrutinized in ways that do not enable them to see that they are under surveillance
B)that work is made as visible as it could be by virtue of the supervisor being able to see as much as is possible
C)any sort of establishment in which persons of any description are to be kept under inspection
D)all of these

Question 21

According to your textbook why would managers pursue the de-skilling of labour and simplifying of jobs?

A)It ensured the efficient extraction of surplus value.
B)It ensured labour could be controlled.
C)It created the need for managerial hierarchies.
D)all of these

Question 22

According to Harry Braverman,______ epitomized the methods capitalism required to institutionalize the de-skilling,control and exploitation of labour.

A)communism
B)scientific management
C)human relations
D)slavery

Question 23

Which of the following would be an example of Ritzer's McDonaldization applied to finding 'love'?

A)giving handmade chocolates to a person you desire
B)taking a person you desire for dinner at an exclusive restaurant
C)using a speed dating service
D)taking a date out for a Big Mac

Question 24

One reason why Braverman's work has been criticized is because he is seen as romanticizing the nature of work.What was another criticism of Braverman's ideas raised in your textbook?

A)He ignores that people need jobs to earn an income,even if it creates surplus value which favours capitalists and other investors.
B)He ignores the ability of people to resist management and control - sometimes in ingenious ways - both as individuals or collectives.
C)He is just too simplistic and negative.
D)all of these

Question 25

Max Weber identified three sources of authority,which one of the following is NOT one of those?

A)charismatic
B)traditional
C)bureaucratic
D)rational-legal

Question 26

Ritzer argues that all aspects of our world are being rationalized through McDonaldization via four major mechanisms.One of those is the process of 'predictability',which of the following is an example such a mechanism?

A)using an explicitly stated and pre-programmed script so staff can quickly deal with customers
B)ensuring means of production - from produce through to staff - are of a minimal cost
C)using standardized procedures and machinery to produce standardized products and services so customers know what they are going to get irrespective of where or when they buy it
D)ensuring everyone wears the uniform,smiles at the customer and is extensively trained to ensure they stick to the pre-programmed script

Question 27

What did George Ritzer term the application of goal-oriented rationality to all areas of human life?

A)rationalization
B)colonization
C)McDonaldisation
D)globalization

Question 28

According to your textbook,Braverman minimized the ability of ordinary people to exercise their human agency or power through resistance to control at work.This made Braverman ______.

A)an exponent of free will
B)a determinist
C)a wealthy man
D)an extremist

Question 29

According to Ritzer,why might an organization like McDonalds not be as 'rational' as it appears on face value?

A)It uses enormous quantities of resources such as grains and beef.
B)It uses unhealthy products such as breads packed with sugar and uses wasteful packaging.
C)It actively avoids spontaneity,creativity and joy in discovery.
D)all of these

Question 30

What is the central idea of McDonaldization,as termed by George Ritzer?

A)The principles applied to large chains of fast food restaurants being applied to more and more sectors of society - even love and intimacy.
B)The spread of McDonalds around the world will provide wonderful opportunities for employment.
C)The spread of McDonalds around the world will help solve world hunger in developing nations.
D)The principles applied to large chains of fast food restaurants being applied to more and more sectors of society - even love and intimacy,and the spread of McDonalds around the world will provide wonderful opportunities for employment.

Question 31

Ritzer argues that all aspects of our world are being rationalized through McDonaldization via four major mechanisms.One of those is the process of 'calculability',which of the following is an example such a mechanism?

A)using an explicitly stated and pre-programmed script so staff can quickly deal with customers
B)ensuring means of production - from produce through to staff - are of a minimal cost
C)using standardized procedures and machinery to produce standardized products and services so customers know what they are going to get irrespective of where or when they buy it
D)ensuring everyone wears the uniform,smiles at the customer and is extensively trained to ensure they stick to the pre-programmed script

Question 32

How did Edwards (1979)extend Braverman's arguments about managerial control?

A)He argued that management would one day become labour.
B)He argued that one day labour would revolt against management and overthrow their oppressors.
C)He argued that management could control labour indirectly through machinery and technology.
D)He argued that management would one day become labour and that one day labour would revolt against management and overthrow their oppressors.

Question 33

Ritzer argues that all aspects of our world are being rationalized through McDonaldization via four major mechanisms.One of those is the process of 'control',which of the following is an example such a mechanism?

A)using an explicitly stated and pre-programmed script so staff can quickly deal with customers
B)ensuring means of production - from produce through to staff - are of a minimal cost
C)using standardized procedures and machinery to produce standardized products and services so customers know what they are going to get irrespective of where or when they buy it
D)ensuring everyone wears the uniform,smiles at the customer and is extensively trained to ensure they stick to the pre-programmed script

Question 34

Karl Marx argued that when labourers exchanged their labour for a wage,to make a profit the capitalist must gain more from the exchange.This profit is technically referred to as ______.

A)exploitation
B)surplus value
C)exchange profit
D)robbery

Question 35

Which one of the following is NOT one of Harry Braverman's three principle arguments about the outcomes of Taylor's scientific management?

A)knowledge of the labour process comes under management control
B)separation of 'mental' labour and 'manual' labour
C)empowerment of labour through simpler jobs
D)management control of labour through de-skilling

Question 36

Ritzer argues that all aspects of our world are being rationalized through McDonaldization via four major mechanisms.One of those is the process of 'efficiency',which of the following is an example of such a mechanism?

A)using an explicitly stated and pre-programmed script so staff can quickly deal with customers
B)ensuring means of production - from produce through to staff - are of a minimal cost
C)using standardized procedures and machinery to produce standardized products and services so customers know what they are going to get irrespective of where or when they buy it
D)ensuring everyone wears the uniform,smiles at the customer and is extensively trained to ensure they stick to the pre-programmed script

Question 37

The idea that people obey orders because they believe those giving the orders act in accordance to a set of given rules and regulations is called______.

A)irrational beliefs system
B)rational-legal precepts
C)managerialism
D)functionalism

Question 38

George Ritzer is important because he ______.

A)franchised McDonalds
B)developed Starbucks
C)ate loads of fast food
D)analysed social trends

Question 39

Which one of the following theorists was credited with developing the concept of bureaucratic organization?

A)Karl Marx
B)Adam Smith
C)Max Weber
D)Jack Bureaucrat

Question 40

Which of the following would be typical of Braverman's view on management?

A)Management is nothing but a tool of the capitalist.
B)Middle management and the capitalist were equals.
C)Management are delegated the responsibility of operating surveillance systems on labour.
D)Management is nothing but a tool of the capitalist,and management are delegated the responsibility of operating surveillance systems on labour.

Question 41

Was slavery a best practice model of management? If so,when and why,and why didn't modern industry develop on a slave basis?

Question 42

What did Weber mean by the word 'disenchantment'?

A)the process of stripping the world of magic and mystery through the invention by technical experts of precise and abstract concepts to explain everyday events.
B)the loss of enchantment experienced by people who work in bureaucracies for too long
C)what happens to people who must deal with bureaucracies
D)all of these

Question 43

Critically contrast and evaluate the ideas of Mary Parker Follett with any one of the following: F W Taylor,Henri Fayol Chester Barnard,and Elton Mayo

Question 44

Which one of the following words does NOT describe Weber's ideal bureaucracy?

A)rationality
B)efficiency
C)hierarchy
D)individualism

Question 45

What impact did Elton Mayo have upon the dominant scientific management thinking at the time that he wrote?

Question 46

How did the development of limited liability legislation and the joint stock company produce problems of management and how were they resolved in the period 1870-1920?

Question 47

What inherent assumptions are revealed in the idea of the panopticon?

Question 48

Taylor and Fayol were both engineers,while Mayo had experience as a counsellor and Follett came from a background in social work.How are these differences in intellectual backgrounds reflected in their theorizing?

Question 49

Choose three of the following management thinkers,and compare and contrast their main ideas and concepts.
-F.W.Taylor
-Elton Mayo
-Henri Fayol
-Mary Parker Follett
-Chester Barnard

Question 50

What major contribution did Mary Parker Follett bring from her study of community based action to the analysis of organizations?

Question 51

Compare and contrast the principles of scientific management and the Panopticon as management models.How do they work? Which is most effective under what circumstances? (This is a more advanced level question that implies wider reading. )

Question 52

Which of the following is Weber's concept that deference and obedience are owed not to a person or a title,but to the role they fill?

A)charismatic authority
B)traditional authority
C)role authority
D)rational-legal authority

Question 53

Which of the following is one of the 15 dimensions of Weber's bureaucracy?

A)Qualities required for organization positions are measured through formal credentials.
B)Rules must be contained in files of written document,and serve as standards for organization action.
C)Power belongs only to an office,and is not a function of the office holder.
D)all of these

Question 54

Which one of the following is an example of Max Weber's traditional authority?

A)Prince Charles,because he is next in line to the throne
B)50 Cent because he sells millions of records
C)Carson from Queer Eye for the Straight Guy
D)all of these