Deck 28: World War and Revolution, 1914-1929

Question 1

The colonial troops who served in World War I took which of the following home with them?

A) The concepts of capitalism
B) New military techniques
C) New higher social status
D) The idea of nationalism

Answer 1

The idea of nationalism

Question 2

Japan's imperialist ambitions were realized when it entered World War I to gain territory where?

A) The Philippines
B) Indonesia
C) Korea
D) China

Answer 2

China

Question 3

The Moroccan crisis led many Western nations to begin to view what country as a threat?

A) Germany
B) The United States
C) Britain
D) Austria

Answer 3

Germany

Question 4

After forcing Bismarck's resignation, what did Wilhelm II refuse to do?

A) Honor any of Bismarck's alliances
B) Continue funding the expansion of the German navy
C) Continue conflict with France, instead offering to give back some land
D) Renew the nonaggression pact with Russia

Question 5

Which of the following was a result of the first and second Balkan wars?

A) Germany had an opportunity to display its impressive new naval firepower.
B) The Ottoman Empire suffered major territorial losses.
C) Austria-Hungary agreed to give Romania its independence.
D) Balkan nationalists suffered significant setbacks.

Question 6

After the Franco-Prussian War, Bismarck's immediate concern was keeping what country or empire isolated?

A) Britain
B) Austria
C) France
D) The Ottomans

Question 7

According to Map 28.1, "European Alliances at the Outbreak of World War I, 1914," what unique strategic problem did Germany have to confront on the eve of the First World War?

A) They had to prepare for a two-front war.
B) They were surrounded by neutral powers.
C) They had no access to the strategically vital North Sea.
D) Their only access to North Africa was through neutral territory.

Question 8

Why did Italy enter the war on the Allied side?

A) To fulfill treaty commitments made before the outbreak of war
B) As a response to Germany's surprise attack
C) To protect their vital colonial interests in southwest Africa
D) To gain territory from the Austrians

Question 9

Germany's Schlieffen plan seemed to indicate that the country

A) did not expect to go to war with Russia.
B) was relying heavily on Italy and the Ottoman Empire.
C) expected a war of approximately thirty months.
D) anticipated war on two fronts simultaneously.

Question 10

What did Serbia and Russia have in common that made them allies?

A) Both countries were Slavic.
B) Both countries hated Germany.
C) Both countries had socialist governments.
D) Both countries were predominantly Catholic.

Question 11

Which of the following contributed in large part to the escalation of tension between Britain and Germany after 1900?

A) The Anglo-Russian Agreement of 1907
B) Germany's decision to dramatically expand its naval forces
C) Increasing British investment in the German economy
D) Britain's decision to aid Japan in the Russo-Japanese War

Question 12

Germany's initial offensive was stopped on the outskirts of Paris at what battle?

A) The Battle of Verdun
B) The Battle of the Somme
C) The Battle of the Marne
D) The Battle of Ypres

Question 13

What happened at the Battles of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes that would result in far-reaching consequences?

A) France stopped two German offensives.
B) Russia suffered staggering losses.
C) Austria was forced to retreat deep into its territory.
D) Germany lost two of its leading generals.

Question 14

For what reason is Walter Rathenau remembered?

A) For organizing a May Day rally in opposition to the German war effort
B) For his involvement in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
C) For his leading role in Germany's total-war mobilization
D) For the antiwar novels he wrote after the war

Question 15

How much territory did the British and French gain as a result of the Battle of the Somme in 1916?

A) All of Belgium
B) Most of northern France
C) One hundred twenty-five square miles
D) None at all

Question 16

Which of the following was one of the Serbian grievances against the Austrian Empire?

A) The Austrians had supported the Ottomans in the First Balkan War.
B) Austria had repressed Catholic minorities in the empire.
C) The Austrians had allied with Russia against Serbia.
D) Austria annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908.

Question 17

How does this painting reflect the devastating effects of trench warfare during the First World War?

A) The soldiers' slumped shoulders and hanging heads give a sense of hopelessness.
B) The condition of the soldiers' uniforms is indicative of their poor living conditions.
C) The snow-covered ground reminds the viewer of the horrible conditions under which many soldiers fought.
D) The bayonets on the ends of the soldiers' rifles indicate that fighting often devolved into brutal hand-to-hand combat.

Question 18

Why did Bulgaria join the Central Powers?

A) It had a pact with the Ottomans.
B) It owed Germany money.
C) There were old tensions between it and Serbia.
D) It was worried about Russian aggression.

Question 19

What did the British ask Hussein ibn-Ali to do for them in 1915?

A) Send troops to the western front
B) Revolt against the Turks
C) Sell them oil at a discount
D) Help Jewish settlers in Palestine

Question 20

Why did Germany stop its submarines from sinking merchant vessels without warning in the summer of 1915?

A) The United States entered the war.
B) The Germans lost the U-38 during an attack on a Q-ship.
C) The British bombed German submarine bases.
D) The Germans sank the Lusitania passenger ship.

Question 21

According to the Treaty of Versailles, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Palestine became which of the following?

A) Independent states
B) Part of an Arab commonwealth
C) League of Nations mandates
D) Territories in a revived Ottoman Empire

Question 22

What did Russia give up in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A) Petrograd
B) One-third of its population
C) Its right to have an army
D) One-half of its railroads

Question 23

When Germany refused to make its second reparations payment in 1922, what was the immediate result?

A) The United States recalled its ambassador from Berlin.
B) Great Britain broke off diplomatic contact.
C) France appealed to the League of Nations.
D) France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr district.

Question 24

What did the Auxiliary Service Law of December 1916 declare?

A) All American males between ages eighteen and forty-five were subject to conscription.
B) All German men between ages seventeen and sixty had to work only at jobs connected to the war effort.
C) All German women were declared subject to conscription for noncombat roles in the military.
D) Irish subjects of the British crown were drafted for service in British arms factories.

Question 25

Who carried out the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia in 1917?

A) Vladimir Lenin
B) Alexander Kerensky
C) Leon Trotsky
D) Joseph Stalin

Question 26

What did President Woodrow Wilson believe would help to avert future wars?

A) Creating a League of Nations
B) Disarming and punishing Germany
C) Continuing wartime alliances
D) Fortifying the French-German border

Question 27

Who declared a provisional government in Russia in March 1917?

A) The navy
B) The Duma
C) The Communist Party
D) The noble class

Question 28

According to Map 28.4, "Territorial Changes in Europe After World War I," which of the following is true regarding the demilitarized zone on the border of Germany and France?

A) It was intended to serve as a buffer zone between Germany and the Balkans.
B) It was intended to protect French neutrality should another war break out in Europe.
C) Its location was in the same region where Germany launched the opening phase of the Schlieffen plan.
D) Its location was in an area that robbed Germany of access to some of its more important agricultural lands.

Question 29

At the end of the war, how were women in Britain, Germany, and Austria rewarded for their war efforts?

A) They were granted more property rights.
B) They were given the right to vote.
C) Their salaries were increased.
D) They were finally allowed to run for public office.

Question 30

Which of the following certainly can be regarded to have weakened Russia's provisional government?

A) The announcement that Russia was quitting the war
B) Government confiscation of large landholdings
C) The dissolution of the Duma
D) The requirement that it share power with the Petrograd Soviet

Question 31

Who was Tsarina Alexandra's most trusted adviser?

A) Vasily Kosoy
B) Nicholas Romanov
C) Rasput
D) Alexander Popov

Question 32

Which of the following allowed Lenin and the Reds to win the Russian civil war?

A) Many Whites were sympathetic to the Red Army.
B) The Whites lacked munitions and manpower.
C) The tsar publicly supported the Red Army.
D) The Whites failed to create a unified agenda.

Question 33

Which of the following was a major reason British leaders favored a less harsh peace with Germany after World War I?

A) The royal families of the two nations had several connections by marriage.
B) Prior to the war, Germany had been Britain's second-largest export market.
C) Britain hoped to invest in Germany's industrial Ruhr district.
D) Britain feared France would dominate the European continent without a strong Germany.

Question 34

What happened to the German emperor in November 1918?

A) He was captured by American soldiers.
B) He abdicated and fled to Holland.
C) He was arrested and tried for war crimes.
D) He was assassinated by a German communist.

Question 35

Which two countries pictured in this map did not exist at the start of World War One?

A) Bulgaria and Yugoslavia
B) Romania and Czechoslovakia
C) Bulgaria and Romania
D) Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia

Question 36

What can be regarded as Russia's single greatest problem in World War I?

A) Inefficient, outdated weapons
B) Weak overall leadership
C) A lack of nationalist support
D) A shortage of ordinary soldiers

Question 37

Very early in the war, Russia experienced a shortage of what?

A) Ships
B) Bayonets
C) Uniforms
D) Shells

Question 38

Which of the following characterized the 1916 Easter Rebellion in Ireland?

A) It centered on Irish nationalists agitating for self-rule.
B) It involved thousands of women protesting the lack of respect for woman suffrage.
C) It was a major suffrage rally led by Irish Catholics.
D) It was organized and carried out by Irish soldiers as an antiwar protest.

Question 39

France's Georges Clemenceau gave up his demand for a buffer state between France and Germany in exchange for what?

A) An extension of the Allied occupation of Germany by five years
B) French takeover of the entire German fleet
C) French annexation of the Saar
D) A defensive military alliance with Britain and the United States

Question 40

The tsar abdicated following a bread march in Petrograd held predominately by whom?

A) Monks
B) Soldiers
C) Farmers
D) Women

Question 41

What self-governing states were created in the Treaty of Versailles, and what lands were parceled out to the victors as colonies?

Question 42

What is Walter Gropius best known for?

A) He created the Bauhaus school of architecture.
B) He was the most prominent of the Chicago school of architects.
C) He specialized in art nouveau architectural design.
D) He was considered a genius for creating postimpressionist designs.

Question 43

What were the ethnic divisions in the Balkans leading up to World War I? What events precipitated the first and second Balkan wars?

Question 44

In Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical theory, the id is the part of the psyche that is believed to be responsible for

A) mediating between instinctual drives and reality.
B) setting moral limitations on action.
C) harboring the instinctual drives for sex, aggression, and pleasure.
D) clinging to the mother even after adulthood is reached

Question 45

What changes did Russia introduce with the March Revolution?

Question 46

Which of the following is true of the Polish Corridor pictured in Map 28.4, "Territorial Changes in Europe After World War I"?

A) It consisted of territory that had originally belonged to Poland prior to its partition in the eighteenth century.
B) It was created to give Czechoslovakia access to the Baltic Sea via the Vistula River.
C) It was carved from territory that was once part of the Russian Pale of Settlement.
D) It was intended to serve the same purpose as the demilitarized zone on Germany's western border.

Question 47

The parliamentary governments of Germany in the mid- to late 1920s were dominated by what group?

A) Social Democrats
B) Right-wing nationalists
C) Moderate businessmen
D) Conservative aristocrats

Question 48

Which of the following generally characterizes the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact?

A) It was an economic alliance between the United States and France.
B) It exemplified the isolationist desires of the United States.
C) It renounced war as a part of national policy.
D) It allowed Britain to have the largest navy and France an army.

Question 49

Which of these was agreed to in Locarno, Switzerland, in 1925?

A) The United States agreed to defend France against German aggression.
B) Germany agreed to pay war reparations.
C) Britain pledged to defend Belgian neutrality.
D) Germany and France agreed to accept their common border.

Question 50

Which of the following was included in the Dawes Plan?

A) It granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
B) It ended the reparations program.
C) It appointed a British overseer of Germany's debt.
D) It allowed Germany to pay a portion of its reparations in goods rather than cash.

Question 51

Why did Africans serve in the British and French armies?

Question 52

Where is the Ruhr Valley? Why did France and Belgium occupy this region when Germany refused to make its second reparations payment?

Question 53

Why did the general public find post-1919 philosophy, science, and psychoanalysis unsettling?

Question 54

German Chancellor Streseman agreed to pay reparations, asking for what in return?

A) For the British to intervene to suppress the protests in the Ruhr
B) For Austria to pay one-half of the reparations
C) To trade the Rhineland to France instead of paying cash
D) A re-examination of the amount Germany was to repay

Question 55

In World War I, the western front became an immovable mass of heavily armed, defensive trenches. Why did this happen, and what effect did it have on the war's progress?

Question 56

Which of Albert Einstein's accomplishments further undermined Newtonian physics?

A) His discovery of quanta
B) His theory of special relativity
C) His discovery of the radioactive properties of radium
D) His successful test to split the atom

Question 57

What was the status of organized Christianity in Europe in the 1920s?

Question 58

In the 1920s, every major country established which of these?

A) National radio broadcasting networks
B) National television broadcasting networks
C) Free public health insurance systems
D) Mandatory military service programs

Question 59

Why did France want Germany to be treated so harshly after World War I?

Question 60

What were Bismarck's goals in crafting the alliance system? What limited his success with these alliances?

Question 61

Use the following to answer questions :
modernism

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 62

Use the following to answer questions :
existentialism

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions :
Triple Entente

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 64

Use the following to answer questions :
March Revolution

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 65

How did the Great War change the opportunities available to women? What happened when the war was over? What did not change, and why?

Question 66

Use the following to answer questions :
Bolsheviks

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 67

Use the following to answer questions :
militarism

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 68

Use the following to answer questions :
Mein Kampf

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 69

Use the following to answer questions :
trench warfare

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 70

When the provisional government came to power in Russia in March 1917, what problems did it face? How did the Bolsheviks capitalize on these difficulties?

Question 71

Use the following to answer questions :
War Communism

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 72

Use the following to answer questions :
Treaty of Versailles

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 73

Use the following to answer questions :
functionalism

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 74

Use the following to answer questions :
Dawes Plan

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 75

Use the following to answer questions :
Petrograd Soviet

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 76

In what ways did nationalism contribute to the origins of World War I, its outbreak, and the course of the war? How did nationalism affect the Treaty of Versailles?

Question 77

What changes in the international situation heightened tensions between Britain and Germany in the first decade of the twentieth century?

Question 78

Discuss the phenomenon of "total war" and its impact on the social, political, and economic structure of Europe during and after the war.

Question 79

Use the following to answer questions :
id, ego, superego

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

Question 80

Use the following to answer questions :
total war

A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.