Deck 7: Sociological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency:maturationlife-Course, rational Choicedeterrence, and Feminist Theorie

Question 1

The chivalry factor in delinquency is best explained by __________.

A)male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women
B)females being treated with more leniency by police
C)females being suspected less for criminal behavior
D)Both b and c

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Specific deterrence is best described as discouraging __________.

A)an individual from committing similar acts in the future
B)others from committing similar acts
C)individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts
D)all of the above apply

Answer 2

A

Question 3

One of the longest-standing and most agreed upon facts in studying juvenile delinquency is that __________ and __________ are related.

A)weather and crime
B)IQ and crime
C)social class and marital status
D)age and crime

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Life-Course offenders are best defined by those who engage in __________.

A)antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life
B)delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults
C)criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens
D)criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

Question 5

Rational Choice Theory contends that law-violating behavior occurs when an offender decides to take a chance violating the law,therefore __________.

A)the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society
B)the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her
C)the responsibility is on both the individual and society
D)the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

Question 6

Status offenses such as running away from home,sexual promiscuity or shoplifting can be found in statistics on juvenile __________.

A)female delinquency
B)male delinquency
C)equally for both male and female delinquency
D)from middle class status

Question 7

The author interviewed gang members in California cities and found that the youths __________.

A)reported feelings of adrenalin rush when committing illegal activities
B)emotionally disconnected when engaging in deviant behaviors
C)came from "good families" but made poor choices
D)all of the above

Question 8

Jeremy Bentham referred to the process of __________ as a choice in behavior that maximizes pleasure and minimizes personal pain to committing delinquent behaviors.

A)punishment
B)danger
C)hedonism
D)maturation

Question 9

Television programming aimed at young adults show patterns of __________.

A)portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order
B)real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining
C)children who are overly anxious about crime
D)programs that are focused on education

Question 10

In studying Hedonism and the media,we find that __________.

A)videotaping acts of delinquency increases the concept of fun
B)posting acts on the internet increases the concept of entertainment
C)both a and b
D)there is no impact between media and hedonism

Question 11

The general public likes this "get tough" attitude delinquent theory.

A)deterrence theory
B)rational choice theory
C)feminist theory
D)Both A and B

Question 12

Feminist theorists are very interested in the connection between __________.

A)race
B)class
C)gender
D)all of the above

Question 13

Freda Adler's hypothesis as to why women have been historically underrepresented in crime and delinquency is called __________.

A)liberation hypothesis
B)gender gap hypythesis
C)maturation hypothesis
D)frustration hypothesis

Question 14

Which type of aggression was categorized by the intent to damage another person's self-esteem or social status,within a group?

A)indirect aggression
B)social aggression
C)relational aggression
D)physical aggression

Question 15

Gilfus and Giordano found that women involved in street crimes quite often __________.

A)started out in female gangs
B)came from middle class background
C)started out as victims of crimes first
D)commit the same crimes as men

Question 16

Social learning theories emphasize __________.

A)social bonds
B)socialization by the schools
C)socialization and peer influence
D)the impact of labeling

Question 17

Deterrence theories have been ignoring that many youths are handicapped by dysfunctional __________.

A)biological factors
B)psychological factors
D)All of the above
D)socioeconomic factors

Question 18

Rational Choice Theory research findings have been limited because __________.

A)it focuses only on women
B)it focuses only on middle class teenagers
C)it is mainly focused on adults,not juveniles
D)it is mainly focused on poor youths

Question 19

A strong predictor of aggressive and violent delinquency has been linked to which type of media?

A)television
B)cartoons
C)video games
D)movies

Question 20

In her book "Odd Girl Out," Simmons pointed out that the culture's socialization of girls as caretakers teaches them to be valued for __________.

A)their appearance
B)their academic abilities
C)their athletic abilities
D)their relations with others

Question 21

Spontaneous remission indicates that most youths abandon criminal behavior as they age and mature.

Question 22

Female delinquency has decreased in recent years.

Question 23

Programs like Jackass provide warnings to avoid copying unsafe behaviors,yet a number of youths do imitate what they see on these shows.

Question 24

The "war on drugs" has caused more __________ to be counted in criminal statistics.

A)men
B)women
C)elderly
D)children

Question 25

Social strain theory explains some juvenile delinquency as the __________.

A)perception of blocked opportunities
B)the types of people youths associated themselves with
C)levels of attachment with others
D)commitment in school

Question 26

Multiple studies indicate that the brain of an adolescent is the same as an adult over 25 years old.

Question 27

Early theories of crime focused either too much on individual pathologies or too much on __________.

A)labeling theories
B)social pathologies
C)media impact
D)medical pathologies

Question 28

Booth and Osgood turned their attention to the influence of __________ in contributing to antisocial behavior in men.

A)money
B)unemployment
C)levels of male hormones
D)age

Question 29

A life-course persistent offender usually stopped committing crimes when they became adults.

Question 30

The idea that criminal and delinquent behavior is based on cognitive selection process by the offenders,is known as the Classical School of Criminological Thought of the 18^th-century.

Question 31

Sampson and Laub described how delinquents reformed when they dropped out of high school.

Question 32

Interviews of youth gang members in California cities showed no connection to Hedonism in explaining their criminal conduct.

Question 33

Rational Choice and Deterrence Theories are widely supported in the United States because they appeal to common sense.

Question 34

Increases in interdisciplinary approaches to deviant behavior has included the role of __________.

A)the media
B)heredity
C)sociobiology
D)Both b and c

Question 35

Evidence suggests that playing violent video games has more influence on aggression than watching it on television.