Question 1

The chivalry factor in delinquency is best explained by __________.

Accepted Answer

Females tend to be treated with more leniency by police and are often suspected less for criminal behavior, which can be attributed to the chivalry factor in delinquency. This means that there is often a social expectation for males to protect and defend females, leading to officers being more respectful and lenient towards delinquent women.

Question 2

Specific deterrence is best described as discouraging __________.

Accepted Answer

Specific deterrence aims to discourage an individual from committing similar acts in the future by imposing a punishment that will deter them from repeating the offense. It does not necessarily aim to deter others or students from committing delinquent acts.

Question 3

One of the longest-standing and most agreed upon facts in studying juvenile delinquency is that __________ and __________ are related.

Accepted Answer

Age and crime are closely related in the study of juvenile delinquency, with numerous studies showing that criminal behavior is significantly influenced by the age of the individual. This relationship is a cornerstone in criminology, reflecting patterns where crime rates are higher among younger populations and tend to decrease as individuals age.

Question 4

Life-Course offenders are best defined by those who engage in __________.

Accepted Answer

Life-Course offenders are individuals who engage in antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist in their criminal behavior throughout their entire life.

Question 5

Rational Choice Theory contends that law-violating behavior occurs when an offender decides to take a chance violating the law,therefore __________.

Accepted Answer

Rational Choice Theory posits that individuals make a rational choice to violate the law based on their personal costs and benefits analysis. Therefore, the responsibility and accountability for such choices are directly on the offender, not on society or any external factor.

Question 6

Status offenses such as running away from home,sexual promiscuity or shoplifting can be found in statistics on juvenile __________.

Accepted Answer

Status offenses like running away from home and sexual promiscuity are more commonly associated with female delinquency in juvenile statistics.

Question 7

The author interviewed gang members in California cities and found that the youths __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The author interviewed gang members in California...

Question 8

Jeremy Bentham referred to the process of __________ as a choice in behavior that maximizes pleasure and minimizes personal pain to committing delinquent behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Jeremy Bentham's philosophy is based on hedonism, which suggests that humans strive to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. Therefore, the correct choice is C - hedonism.

Question 9

Television programming aimed at young adults show patterns of __________.

Accepted Answer

Television programming aimed at young adults often glamorizes real-life delinquent activities by portraying them as fun and entertaining, which can influence young viewers' perceptions and attitudes towards such behaviors.

Question 10

In studying Hedonism and the media,we find that __________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that videotaping acts of delinquency and posting them online increases the concept of fun and entertainment among individuals, which aligns with the principles of hedonism. Therefore, both options A and B are correct.

Question 11

The general public likes this "get tough" attitude delinquent theory.

Accepted Answer

The "get tough" attitude towards delinquency aligns with both deterrence theory, which posits that the threat of punishment can prevent crime, and rational choice theory, which suggests that individuals weigh the costs and benefits before engaging in criminal behavior.

Question 12

Feminist theorists are very interested in the connection between __________.

Accepted Answer

Feminist theorists are interested in the intersectionality of gender, race, and class, recognizing that the experiences of women are shaped by multiple social identities and systems of oppression. Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes all three options.

Question 13

Freda Adler's hypothesis as to why women have been historically underrepresented in crime and delinquency is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Freda Adler's hypothesis as to why women have been historically underrepresented in crime and delinquency is called the liberation hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that as women have gained more social and economic power, they have also gained more opportunities to engage in criminal and delinquent behavior.

Question 14

Which type of aggression was categorized by the intent to damage another person's self-esteem or social status,within a group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of aggression was categorized by...

Question 15

Gilfus and Giordano found that women involved in street crimes quite often __________.

Accepted Answer

Gilfus and Giordano found that women involved in street crimes often started out as victims of crimes first. This victimization led them to become involved in criminal activity themselves as a means of self-protection or to gain control over their lives.

Question 16

Social learning theories emphasize __________.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theories emphasize the role of socialization and peer influence in shaping an individual's behavior and attitudes. These theories suggest that people learn through observation and interaction with others in their social environment, including family, friends, and the larger society. This can include learning values, norms, and behaviors, as well as attitudes and beliefs about social issues. Social bonds and labeling theories are other sociological perspectives that focus on the importance of social relationships in shaping individual outcomes, but they are distinct from social learning theory. School socialization can also be a factor in social learning, but it is not the primary focus of this theory.

Question 17

Deterrence theories have been ignoring that many youths are handicapped by dysfunctional __________.

Accepted Answer

Deterrence theories often overlook the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and socioeconomic factors that can influence youth behavior and decision-making, suggesting that all of the above factors can contribute to the challenges faced by young individuals.

Question 18

Rational Choice Theory research findings have been limited because __________.

Accepted Answer

Rational Choice Theory has been mainly focused on adult criminals and has limited research on juvenile delinquency. The other options, such as focusing only on women, middle class teenagers, or poor youths, are not accurate limitations of Rational Choice Theory research.

Question 19

A strong predictor of aggressive and violent delinquency has been linked to which type of media?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that exposure to violent video games is a strong predictor of aggressive and violent delinquency, due to the desensitization and reinforcement of violent behavior. While other forms of media may also have an influence, the evidence for video games is particularly strong.

Question 20

In her book "Odd Girl Out," Simmons pointed out that the culture's socialization of girls as caretakers teaches them to be valued for __________.

Accepted Answer

Simmons argues that the culture's socialization of girls as caretakers teaches them to be valued for their relations with others, particularly their ability to be supportive and nurturing to others. This can contribute to girls being more focused on maintaining relationships with others rather than asserting their own needs and boundaries.

Quiz 7: Sociological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency:maturationlife-Course, rational Choicedeterrence, and Feminist Theorie