Question 1

Leucovorin rescue,during which leucovorin enters and &#34;rescues&#34; normal cells from the toxic effects of antineoplastic agents,is useful during therapy with which drug?&#10;A)cisplatin&#10;B)methotrexate (Metoject)&#10;C)mercaptopurine (6-MP)&#10;D)cyclophosphamide

Accepted Answer

Leucovorin rescue is useful during therapy with folate antagonists such as methotrexate.

Question 2

What is the nurse's best immediate response if extravasation of an antineoplastic drug occurs during intravenous (IV)administration?&#10;A)Reduction of the infusion rate&#10;B)Discontinuation of the IV and application of warm compresses&#10;C)Changing the infusion to normal saline and injecting the area with hydrocortisone&#10;D)Stopping the infusion immediately but leaving the IV tube in place for administration of an antidote

Accepted Answer

If extravasation is suspected,administration of the drug must be stopped immediately,but the IV tube should be left in place and the appropriate antidote instilled through the existing IV tube.Agency protocol should be followed.

Question 3

A patient is receiving a third course of 5-fluorouracil therapy and knows that stomatitis is a potential adverse effect of antineoplastic therapy.What important information should the nurse give the patient about this adverse effect?

A)Aspirin should be taken to prevent development of stomatitis.
B)The patient should watch for and report black tarry stools immediately.
C)The patient should increase the intake of foods containing fibre and citric acid.
D)The patient should examine the mouth daily for bleeding, white spots, and ulcerations.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of stomatitis consist of bleeding,white spots,and ulcerations of the mouth,all of which need to be reported to the health care provider immediately.
Assessing stools is important,but abnormal stools are not related to stomatitis.Aspirin should not be used during this therapy.Patients on 5-fluorouracil should avoid consuming foods high in fibre,foods containing citric acid,and hot or cold foods.

Question 4

Which is a true statement about nadir?&#10;A)It is a therapeutic effect of radiation.&#10;B)It is the lowest level reached by bone marrow cells after chemotherapy.&#10;C)It occurs 30 days after chemotherapy treatment.&#10;D)Antiemetics will prevent it.

Accepted Answer

The lowest level reached by bone marrow cells after chemotherapy or radiation therapy is known as nadir.It usually occurs within 10 to 28 days following treatment.

Question 5

Which unique adverse effect is characteristic of the antineoplastic enzymes,such as asparaginase (Kidrolase)?&#10;A)Hepatotoxicity&#10;B)Impaired pancreatic function&#10;C)Nephrotoxicity&#10;D)Hypoglycemia

Accepted Answer

Impaired pancreatic function can result from antineoplastic enzymes; this can lead to hyperglycemia and severe or fatal pancreatitis.

Question 6

A patient who has been on methotrexate (Metoject)therapy has developed a fever.Her husband asks whether she can take ibuprofen for the fever.What is the nurse's best answer to the husband's question?&#10;A)Ibuprofen aggravates stomatitis.&#10;B)Ibuprofen masks signs of infection.&#10;C)Ibuprofen can lead to methotrexate toxicity.&#10;D)Ibuprofen will cause no problems for the patient who is on methotrexate.

Accepted Answer

Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)can lead to methotrexate toxicity by displacing the drug from plasma proteins.

Question 7

A patient is receiving the antineoplastic drug methotrexate (Metoject).What important instructions should the nurse give the patient in regard to this drug?&#10;A)Report black, tarry stools.&#10;B)Perform oral care with mouthwash.&#10;C)Do not expect hair loss from this drug.&#10;D)Prepare for hair loss by deciding whether to use a wig, a hairpiece, or a hat.&#10;E)Avoid eating raw seafood.&#10;F)Discontinue contraceptive measures as soon as chemotherapy is completed.&#10;G)Avoid foods that are hot or that are rough in texture.&#10;H)Avoid exposure to the sun.

Accepted Answer

Patients who are taking methotrexate should report black,tarry stools; prepare for hair loss by deciding whether to use a wig,a hairpiece,or a hat; avoid raw seafood and foods that are hot or rough in texture; and avoid exposure to the sun.
Mouthwash can be irritating to the oral mucosa.Contraceptive measures should be continued for up to 8 weeks after therapy,to minimize possible teratogenic effects or fetal death.Hair loss is an expected adverse effect of this therapy.

Question 8

A patient has had a first course of antineoplastic therapy and is experiencing gastrointestinal adverse effects,including anorexia and nausea.Which is an appropriate goal for the patient dealing with these adverse effects?

A)To eat three balanced meals a day within 4 days
B)To return to the normal eating pattern within 1 month
C)To maintain normal weight by consuming healthy snacks as tolerated
D)To maintain a diet of six frequent feedings with a nutritional supplement as a snack for 2 weeks

Accepted Answer

Small frequent feedings and nutritional supplementation are the ideal means of improving nutrition during antineoplastic therapy.

Question 9

A patient is at risk for infection due to neutropenic effects of antineoplastic drug therapy.Which statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching about this care?&#10;A)&#34;I can't wait to go to the buffet restaurant for supper.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;I should eat plenty of fresh fruit to improve my nutrition.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;I should report a sore throat, cough, or low-grade temperature.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;It is important for both my family and me to practise good hand washing.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Patients who are neutropenic are susceptible to infections and should adhere to a low-microbe diet by washing fresh fruits and vegetables and making sure foods are well cooked.

Question 10

One patient has cancer of the bone; a second patient has cancer in the connective tissues of the leg muscles; and a third patient has cancer in the vascular tissues.Which type of tumour is common to these patients?

A)Sarcoma
B)Leukemia
C)Carcinoma
D)Lymphoma

Accepted Answer

Sarcoma,a malignant tumour that arises from connective tissues,is common to these three patients.Connective tissue can be found in bone,cartilage,muscle,blood,lymphatic,and vascular tissue.

Deck 52: Antineoplastic Drugs Part 1: Cancer Overview and Cell Cycle–Specific Drugs