Deck 15: Acceptance-mind-fulness-Based Behavior Therapy

Question 1

Second-generation behavior therapies emphasize

A)changing the external environment to modify overt behaviors.
B)modifying client's dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs.
C)accepting psychological pain and discomfort as inevitable.
D)the value of problem behaviors in fulfilling life goals.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Mindfulness occurs when a person purposely pays attention without judgment to

A)self-enabling behaviors and ideas.
B)whatever is happening at the moment
C)desirable future plans and goals.
D)the foundational aspects of self.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Second-order change is achieved by employing interventions that change the _____ of the problem behavior.

A)function
B)form
C)antecedents
D)intensity

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The unique feature of third-generation therapies is the

A)passive philosophy.
B)target client.
C)treatment method.
D)overall goal.

Question 5

Third-generation therapies operate under the assumption that efforts to escape problematic thoughts and feelings

A)lead to diminished quality of life.
B)are inevitable and unavoidable.
C)yield to the basic laws of learning.
D)were shaped in early development.

Question 6

The overall goal of third generation behavior therapies is to help clients

A)abide by social custom.
B)live according to their values.
C)be more productive citizens.
D)reduce cognitive impairment.

Question 7

In contrast to mindfulness, mindlessness refers to a

A)deficiency in cognitive control.
B)fallacious decision-making process.
C)failure to attend to the present.
D)stubborn interpersonal style.

Question 8

First-order change refers to

A)changes in overt behavior.
B)modifications of interpretation.
C)time-ordered stimulus control.
D)the alleviation of problem behaviors.

Question 9

Third generation therapies function under the assumption that psychological pain is a ubiquitous part of life, meaning that it

A)requires great effort and time to expunge.
B)should have no effect upon individuals.
C)cannot be completely avoided or eliminated.
D)pervades even the most pleasurable events.

Question 10

Cognitive defusion involves letting go of the idea that one's thoughts are

A)automatic and uncontrollable.
B)valid descriptions of experience.
C)internally derived and maintained.
D)capable of external influence.

Question 11

In third-generation therapies, acceptance means to

A)resign to fate.
B)embrace experience.
C)evaluate events.
D)passively observe.

Question 12

The Relational Frame Theory focuses on the human capacity to

A)produce unlimitedly-meta behaviors.
B)attach emotion to arbitrary stimuli.
C)relate events in infinite ways.
D)automatically judge stimuli relevance.

Question 13

The goal in third-generation behavior therapies is to

A)eliminate problems.
B)reduce problems.
C)enhance problems.
D)accept problems.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of second-order change-

A)Decreasing test anxiety after an exam.
B)Exercising less to combat low body weight.
C)Socializing while still feeling uncomfortable.
D)Using thoughts to prevent undesired feelings.

Question 15

Cognitive fusion refers to when people suffering from psychological pain

A)fail to attend to thought meta-content.
B)do not appreciate environmental causation.
C)believe thoughts accurately reflect reality.
D)ignore the situational-specificity of thought.

Question 16

Self-as-content : cognitive fusion :: self-as-process : _____

A)cognitive defusion
B)cognitive association
C)cognitive process
D)cognitive skill

Question 17

Third generation therapies encourage clients to experience their pain and

A)still do what they care about.
B)learn from the experiences.
C)envision a reciprocate benefit.
D)grasp the futility of existence.

Question 18

When a client tells an ACT therapist "I am a lousy student," the therapist responds by saying, "Cool." The therapist is attempting to

A)avoid reinforcing the client's feelings.
B)encourage future honest exchanges.
C)inspire confidence in the ACT process.
D)foster acceptance of the client's thought.

Question 19

According to the ACT perspective, the primary source of clients' problems is

A)psychological inflexibility.
B)cognitive fission.
C)unclear values.
D)mental disconnect.

Question 20

First-generation behavior therapies emphasize

A)changing the external environment to modify overt behaviors.
B)modifying client's dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs.
C)accepting psychological pain and discomfort as inevitable.
D)the value of problem behaviors in fulfilling life goals.

Question 21

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was designed to treat

A)relapse of depression.
B)violent outbursts.
C)substance abuse.
D)panic attacks.

Question 22

One difficulty often seen in the treatment of borderline personality disorder is the obligation to manage

A)psychiatric interventions.
B)symptom denial.
C)weekly crises.
D)inchoate literature.

Question 23

According to Linehan's DBT Biosocial theory of borderline personality disorder, an invalidating environment

A)denies access to necessary treatment.
B)foments an invalidating self-schema.
C)obviates relationship development.
D)leads individuals to internalize flaws.

Question 24

Experiential avoidance involves efforts to escape from

A)novel experiences.
B)second-order changes.
C)unpleasant thoughts.
D)interpersonal contact.

Question 25

Experiential acceptance involves remaining in contact with

A)value-enablers.
B)painful experiences.
C)instinctual drives.
D)guiding beliefs.

Question 26

The two core treatment strategies used in DBT are validation/acceptance strategies and

A)problem-solving/change strategies
B)experiential acceptance strategies
C)cognitive defusion strategies
D)mindfulness/mediation strategies

Question 27

In DBT, the wise mind is the synthesis of the reasonable mind and the

A)emotional mind.
B)fallacious mind.
C)sad mind.
D)troubled mind.

Question 28

In the first stage of DBT therapy, treatment focuses first on

A)cognitive fusion.
B)interpersonal skills.
C)unsafe behaviors.
D)theory education.

Question 29

Dialectical behavior therapy was initially developed to treat

A)anorexia.
B)suicidal behaviors.
C)antisocial behaviors.
D)victims of abuse.

Question 30

DBT differs from many other behavior therapies in that it

A)involves memories of childhood.
B)takes a very long time.
C)forgoes empirical research.
D)does not address target behaviors.

Question 31

The cognitive defusion of an attachment to the conceptualized self requires

A)conforming behavior with the conceptualization.
B)differentiating the conceptualization from reality.
C)exorcizing memories of the conceptualization.
D)culling maladaptive elements of the conceptualization.

Question 32

Attachment to the conceptualized self refers to the

A)framing of life events in a story-like sequence.
B)reification of invented behavioral restrictions.
C)adoption of another's developmental course.
D)desire to control every aspect of one's life.

Question 33

DBT has primarily been used to treat clients with

A)bipolar depression.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)borderline personality disorder.
D)antisocial personality disorder.

Question 34

MBCT assumes that negative cognitions associated with depression

A)remain frequent after remission.
B)necessarily provide for positive moods.
C)primarily concern self-image.
D)are reactivated by sad moods.

Question 35

DBT is dialectical in that it synthesizes the opposing positions of acceptance and

A)change.
B)criticism.
C)rejection.
D)denial.

Question 36

The process of subtly highlighting inconsistencies in a client's actions, beliefs, and values is called

A)rational disputation.
B)dialectical persuasion.
C)dialectical argument.
D)rational persuasion.

Question 37

According to the ACT perspective, "trying" is

A)the initiation of behavior.
B)synonymous with "difficult."
C)not a form of action.
D)an adaptive life value.

Question 38

For the validation/acceptance strategy of DBT, it is necessary to identify the

A)relevant developmental precursors.
B)effect of biological singularities.
C)individual's overarching self-dialogue.
D)function of target behaviors.

Question 39

ACT therapists believe that values

A)direct adaptive behavior.
B)motivate first-order change.
C)are a form of inaction.
D)may constitute a presenting problem.

Question 40

According to Linehan's DBT Biosocial theory, individuals with borderline personality disorder suffer first from

A)long-term maleficent caretaking.
B)an overactive nervous system.
C)critical-stage interpersonal rejection.
D)ineffective psychological treatment.

Question 41

Of the third-generation behavior therapies covered in the text, MBCT is the

A)longest lasting.
B)most popular.
C)youngest.
D)best supported.

Question 42

Decentering involves becoming aware that your thoughts are

A)consciously malleable.
B)outside of cognitive control.
C)not necessarily self-descriptive.
D)another form of behavior.

Question 43

MBCT focuses on changing the

A)content of maladaptive cognitions
B)frequency of adaptive cognitions.
C)attention to negative cognitions.
D)physiological response to cognitions.

Question 44

Mindfulness is most related to

A)emotional stability.
B)value-based living.
C)rational deliberation.
D)attention allocation.

Question 45

To hone mindfulness, if the mind wanders away from the task at hand, then

A)gently refocus attention.
B)stop all thoughts.
C)begin the task again.
D)record the behavior.

Question 46

It is likely that many forgo mindfulness in an effort to improve

A)equanimity.
B)efficiency.
C)propriety.
D)motivation.

Question 47

In its group format, MBCT relies heavily on homework because

A)groups distract mindful behavior.
B)therapy lasts only 16 hours.
C)transfer should not be expected.
D)idle behaviors are maladaptive.

Question 48

According to the MBCT approach, people suffering from depression believe that their thoughts are

A)representations of reality.
B)meaningless.
C)inaccurate self-descriptions.
D)being monitored.

Question 49

Developing increased awareness of negative thoughts is critical because

A)many individuals are naïve to negative cognitions.
B)thought suppression requires discriminated attention.
C)inattention and avoidance may facilitate relapse.
D)depressive negative thoughts closely resemble reality.