Question 1

Second-generation behavior therapies emphasize
A)changing the external environment to modify overt behaviors.
B)modifying client's dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs.
C)accepting psychological pain and discomfort as inevitable.
D)the value of problem behaviors in fulfilling life goals.

Accepted Answer

Second-generation behavior therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), focus on modifying dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs to change behavior and emotional states.

Question 2

Mindfulness occurs when a person purposely pays attention without judgment to
A)self-enabling behaviors and ideas.
B)whatever is happening at the moment
C)desirable future plans and goals.
D)the foundational aspects of self.

Accepted Answer

Mindfulness is the practice of being fully present and engaged in the moment, without judgment. It involves paying attention to thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and the surrounding environment in the here and now, rather than being caught up in thoughts about the past or future.

Question 3

Second-order change is achieved by employing interventions that change the _____ of the problem behavior.
A)function
B)form
C)antecedents
D)intensity

Accepted Answer

Second-order change involves altering the function of the problem behavior, meaning changing the underlying reasons or needs that the behavior is fulfilling, rather than just the outward manifestation (form) or intensity of the behavior.

Question 4

The unique feature of third-generation therapies is the
A)passive philosophy.
B)target client.
C)treatment method.
D)overall goal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The unique feature of third-generation therapies is...

Question 5

Third-generation therapies operate under the assumption that efforts to escape problematic thoughts and feelings
A)lead to diminished quality of life.
B)are inevitable and unavoidable.
C)yield to the basic laws of learning.
D)were shaped in early development.

Accepted Answer

Third-generation therapies, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), posit that attempts to avoid or escape from negative thoughts and feelings can lead to a reduced quality of life, as it prevents individuals from living in accordance with their values and engaging fully with life.

Question 6

The overall goal of third generation behavior therapies is to help clients
A)abide by social custom.
B)live according to their values.
C)be more productive citizens.
D)reduce cognitive impairment.

Accepted Answer

The overall goal of third generation behavior therapies is to help clients live according to their values, focusing on mindfulness, acceptance, and relationship strategies to enhance psychological flexibility.

Question 7

In contrast to mindfulness, mindlessness refers to a
A)deficiency in cognitive control.
B)fallacious decision-making process.
C)failure to attend to the present.
D)stubborn interpersonal style.

Accepted Answer

Mindlessness refers to a state where an individual fails to focus on the present moment, often operating on auto-pilot or being preoccupied with past or future events, rather than being fully engaged with the current situation.

Question 8

First-order change refers to
A)changes in overt behavior.
B)modifications of interpretation.
C)time-ordered stimulus control.
D)the alleviation of problem behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of First-order change refers to
A)changes in overt behavior.
B)modifications...

Question 9

Third generation therapies function under the assumption that psychological pain is a ubiquitous part of life, meaning that it
A)requires great effort and time to expunge.
B)should have no effect upon individuals.
C)cannot be completely avoided or eliminated.
D)pervades even the most pleasurable events.

Accepted Answer

Third generation therapies, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), posit that psychological pain is an inevitable aspect of human experience that cannot be entirely avoided or removed. Instead of trying to eliminate pain, these therapies focus on changing one's relationship with it.

Question 10

Cognitive defusion involves letting go of the idea that one's thoughts are
A)automatic and uncontrollable.
B)valid descriptions of experience.
C)internally derived and maintained.
D)capable of external influence.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive defusion is a concept from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) that involves seeing thoughts and feelings for what they are—just thoughts and feelings, not necessarily truths or facts. This helps individuals to detach from the content of their thoughts, reducing their impact and influence.

Question 11

In third-generation therapies, acceptance means to
A)resign to fate.
B)embrace experience.
C)evaluate events.
D)passively observe.

Accepted Answer

Acceptance in third-generation therapies involves actively embracing experiences without judgment, rather than resigning to fate, evaluating events, or passively observing.

Question 12

The Relational Frame Theory focuses on the human capacity to
A)produce unlimitedly-meta behaviors.
B)attach emotion to arbitrary stimuli.
C)relate events in infinite ways.
D)automatically judge stimuli relevance.

Accepted Answer

Relational Frame Theory (RFT) is a psychological theory of human language and cognition that focuses on how humans relate events or stimuli in various and flexible ways. It posits that the ability to mentally relate things in an infinite number of ways is a foundational aspect of human language and cognition. This capacity for relational framing allows for the complex behavior, learning, and language abilities that are characteristic of humans.

Question 13

The goal in third-generation behavior therapies is to
A)eliminate problems.
B)reduce problems.
C)enhance problems.
D)accept problems.

Accepted Answer

The goal in third-generation behavior therapies, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), is to help individuals accept their problems and psychological experiences, rather than trying to eliminate or reduce them. This approach focuses on changing one's relationship with their thoughts and feelings, rather than changing the thoughts and feelings themselves.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of second-order change-
A)Decreasing test anxiety after an exam.
B)Exercising less to combat low body weight.
C)Socializing while still feeling uncomfortable.
D)Using thoughts to prevent undesired feelings.

Accepted Answer

Second-order change involves making a fundamental change in behavior or approach, even when it's uncomfortable or counterintuitive, to achieve a different outcome. Socializing while still feeling uncomfortable is an example of this, as it involves engaging in a behavior that might initially feel counterproductive or challenging in order to overcome a larger issue, such as social anxiety or isolation.

Question 15

Cognitive fusion refers to when people suffering from psychological pain
A)fail to attend to thought meta-content.
B)do not appreciate environmental causation.
C)believe thoughts accurately reflect reality.
D)ignore the situational-specificity of thought.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive fusion involves a person's belief that their thoughts are literal representations of reality, rather than recognizing them as subjective interpretations or mental events.

Question 16

Self-as-content : cognitive fusion :: self-as-process : _____
A)cognitive defusion
B)cognitive association
C)cognitive process
D)cognitive skill

Accepted Answer

Self-as-content refers to the identification with thoughts and feelings, often leading to cognitive fusion, where thoughts are taken literally and believed to be true. Self-as-process, on the other hand, involves observing one's thoughts and feelings without attachment, which is aligned with cognitive defusion, where thoughts are seen as just thoughts, not necessarily truths.

Question 17

Third generation therapies encourage clients to experience their pain and
A)still do what they care about.
B)learn from the experiences.
C)envision a reciprocate benefit.
D)grasp the futility of existence.

Accepted Answer

Third generation therapies, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), focus on helping clients to accept their pain and still commit to taking action that aligns with their values and what they care about.

Question 18

When a client tells an ACT therapist "I am a lousy student," the therapist responds by saying, "Cool." The therapist is attempting to
A)avoid reinforcing the client's feelings.
B)encourage future honest exchanges.
C)inspire confidence in the ACT process.
D)foster acceptance of the client's thought.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's response is an example of fostering acceptance of the client's thought, a key principle in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), which encourages clients to accept their thoughts and feelings rather than fighting or feeling guilty about them.

Question 19

According to the ACT perspective, the primary source of clients' problems is
A)psychological inflexibility.
B)cognitive fission.
C)unclear values.
D)mental disconnect.

Accepted Answer

Psychological inflexibility is considered the core concept in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) that leads to a wide range of psychological problems. It involves an inability to stay in contact with the present moment and to change or persist in behavior that is consistent with one’s values.

Question 20

First-generation behavior therapies emphasize
A)changing the external environment to modify overt behaviors.
B)modifying client's dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs.
C)accepting psychological pain and discomfort as inevitable.
D)the value of problem behaviors in fulfilling life goals.

Accepted Answer

First-generation behavior therapies focus on changing the external environment and the consequences of behavior to modify overt behaviors. This approach is based on classical and operant conditioning principles.

Quiz 15: Acceptance-mind-fulness-Based Behavior Therapy

Second-generation behavior therapies emphasize

Mindfulness occurs when a person purposely pays attention without judgment to

Second-order change is achieved by employing interventions that change the _____ of the problem behavior.

The unique feature of third-generation therapies is the

Third-generation therapies operate under the assumption that efforts to escape problematic thoughts and feelings

The overall goal of third generation behavior therapies is to help clients

In contrast to mindfulness, mindlessness refers to a

First-order change refers to

Third generation therapies function under the assumption that psychological pain is a ubiquitous part of life, meaning that it

Cognitive defusion involves letting go of the idea that one's thoughts are

In third-generation therapies, acceptance means to

The Relational Frame Theory focuses on the human capacity to

The goal in third-generation behavior therapies is to

Which of the following is an example of second-order change-

Cognitive fusion refers to when people suffering from psychological pain

Self-as-content : cognitive fusion :: self-as-process : _____

Third generation therapies encourage clients to experience their pain and

When a client tells an ACT therapist "I am a lousy student," the therapist responds by saying, "Cool." The therapist is attempting to

According to the ACT perspective, the primary source of clients' problems is

First-generation behavior therapies emphasize