Deck 7: The Chicago School and Cultural and Subcultural Theories of Crime

Question 1

Shaw and McKay proposed that more crime occurs in Burgess's ______.

A)Zone I
B)Zone II
C)Zone III
D)Zone IV

Answer 1

B

Question 2

One of the criticisms of social disorganization theory is that it uses mostly a ______ level of analysis.

A)specialized
B)generalized
C)macro
D)micro

Answer 2

C

Question 3

______ proposed that no subculture can be totally different from, or totally in conflict with, the society of which it is a part.

A)Wolfgang and Ferracuti
B)Shaw and McKay
C)Cohen
D)Anderson

Answer 3

A

Question 4

______ areas are spaces where people from the same ethnic background live together.

A)Natural
B)Biological
C)Social cohesive
D)Methodological

Question 5

Because Chicago experienced a rapid growth that led to the influx of immigrants from many countries, language barriers made it hard to communicate.This is a good example of ______.

A)Merton's strain theory
B)Park's theory of ecology
C)Durkheim's anomie
D)Durkheim's mechanical society

Question 6

Because of its population explosion, ______ became a type of laboratory for social researchers.

A)New York
B)Chicago
C)Detroit
D)Cleveland

Question 7

______ is more subjected to invasion, domination, recession, and succession where crime is widespread.

A)Zone I
B)Zone II
C)Zone III
D)Zone IV

Question 8

One of the examples in the text regarding the domination of the environment was the introduction of ______.

A)bison on Santa Catalina Island in the 1930s
B)elephants on Santa Catalina Island in the 1930s
C)bison to Puerto Rico in the 1940s
D)elephants to Puerto Rico in the 1940s

Question 9

Many studies have found that neighborhood watch programs are not only unsupportive in reducing crime, but these groups actually ______.

A)increase property crime within the neighborhoods
B)increase violent crime within the neighborhoods
C)increase the fear of crime in some places
D)displace some crime to nearby neighborhoods

Question 10

Modern sociology developed at the Department of Sociology at the University of Chicago because ______.

A)the mayor of Chicago at the time had a sociology degree
B)research about social disorganization was already established in the department
C)it was the only sociology department in the country
D)the leaders and people of Chicago needed it to solve its social problems

Question 11

Social disorganization research findings rejected the notion of ______.

A)biological organization
B)ecological organization
C)social Determinism
D)social Darwinism

Question 12

In disorganized areas where neighborhoods cannot provide a system of organization for its members, ______ children follow ______ children.

A)younger; delinquent
B)delinquent; older
C)older; younger
D)younger; older

Question 13

The case study in this chapter is about Whitey Bulger, a notorious gangster from South Boston.What was Bulger's involvement with crime?

A)embezzlement and tax evasion
B)extortion rackets and embezzlement
C)narcotics distribution and extortion rackets
D)narcotics distribution and tax evasion

Question 14

______ has recently created a subculture theory that emphasizes African-American community.

A)Wolfgang
B)Ferracuti
C)Miller
D)Anderson

Question 15

Burgess proposed the concentric circles theory, where ______ was identified as the zone of transition.

A)Zone I
B)Zone II
C)Zone III
D)Zone IV

Question 16

______ proposed a theory of city growth in which cities were also seen as growing from the inside outward.

A)Burgess
B)Shaw
D)McKay
E)Sutherland

Question 17

In his book Code of the Streets, Elijah Anderson states that for those living in poor conditions in the inner cities, two of the most treasured characteristics one can have is masculinity and ______.

A)control of one's immediate environment
B)employment
C)a high school diploma
D)both parents in the household

Question 18

The most notable program resulting from the social disorganization model was ______.

A)New York Area Project
B)Chicago Area project
C)Boston Area Project
D)Philadelphia Area Project

Question 19

______ claimed the principles of ecology could be used to explain city growth/expansion.

A)Burgess
B)Park
C)Shaw
D)McKay

Question 20

Ferracuti and Wolfgang examined the violent themes of a group of inner-city youth from ______.

A)New York
B)Chicago
C)Boston
D)Philadelphia

Question 21

Mary lives in a poor, inner-city neighborhood.She is more likely to value ______ than ______.

A)immediate gratification; delayed gratification
B)delayed gratification; immediate gratification

Question 22

After mapping gangs and incidents of gang activity in Los Angeles, what was found to be the most dangerous place to be?

A)deep within the territory of any gang
B)the borders between two or more rival gangs
C)on the periphery of gang territory
D)at the central point of all gang territories

Question 23

According to Burgess, ______ is the suburban or commuter zone.

A)Zone II
B)Zone III
C)Zone IV
D)Zone V

Question 24

Miller focused his attention on the concentric zones that developed as a consequence of urbanization.

Question 25

One of the most notable manifestations of an anomic state in Chicago was the development of adult street gangs.

Question 26

New York City's Hell's Kitchen, Times Square, and Harlem are all examples of ______ areas.

A)general
B)specific
C)natural
D)artificial

Question 27

______ claimed that cities represent a type of complex organism with a sense of unity composed of the interrelations among the citizens and groups in the city.

A)Burgess
B)Park
C)Shaw
D)Sutherland

Question 28

Longitudinal data on social disorganization showed that no matter which ethnic group (with the exception of Asians) lived in Zone ll, the delinquency rates in that zone ______.

A)increased with each new group that arrived
B)decreased with each new group that arrived
C)remained constant
D)were inconsistent

Question 29

______ theoretical model proposed that the entire lower class had its own cultural value system.

A)Wolfgang's
B)Ferracuti's
C)Miller's
D)Anderson's

Question 30

In the early process of urbanization, police looked for lost children and collect garbage, leaving ______ to solve crime and delinquency in an area.

A)communities
B)the federal government
C)social workers
D)no one

Question 31

What was a large part of the Chicago perspective's focus?

A)levels of anomia in neighborhoods
B)transmission of cultural values
C)rates of delinquency in certain areas surrounding the business district
D)the natural areas of cities

Question 32

______ developed the first relevant model pertaining to human behavior and city growth.

A)Darwin
B)Park
C)Burgess
D)Shaw and McKay

Question 33

The Chicago School of criminology is also referred to as the Ecological School.

Question 34

Shaw attempted to address the criticism of social disorganization being a macro-analysis in his book ______.

A)Crime Control in America: What Works?
B)On Crime and Punishment
C)The Jackroller
D)Code of the Streets

Question 35

Neighborhoods that experience poverty, suffer from physical dilapidation, and are culturally diverse would have some of the highest crime rates.Which theory can explain this relationship?

A)ecological school of thought
B)focal concerns theory
C)theory of social disorganization
D)theory of concentric circles

Question 36

Walter Miller's theoretical model proposed that the entire lower class has its own cultural value system.

Question 37

Any city that has ______ visually supports Shaw and McKay's model of crime.

A)government housing
B)skyscrapers
C)a subway system
D)an elevated highway

Question 38

According to Shaw and McKay, the neighborhoods that have the highest rates of crime typically have all of the following in common EXCEPT ______.

A)anomie
B)poverty
C)heterogeneity
D)physical dilapidation

Question 39

A 2017 systemic review of of community crime prevention found that improving street lighting and ______ can lower crime rates.

A)increasing police foot patrol
B)removing grafitti from buildings
C)drug rehabilitation programs
D)adding closed-circuit tv cameras

Question 40

Ecology is the study of the dynamics and processes through which plants and animals interact with the environment.

Question 41

Explain how research on social disorganization theory led to the successful Chicago Area Project.

Question 42

Neighborhood watch programs are well-established in social disorganized areas.

Question 43

According to Shaw and McKay, disease tends to overlap with higher delinquency rates.

Question 44

The lack of a common language made it almost impossible for citizens to organize themselves to solve community problems.

Question 45

Chicago was a living example of an anomic state.

Question 46

Radial growth is a type of development that begins on the outside and ripples inward.

Question 47

How was ecology used to explain changes in cities' configuration by researchers from the University of Chicago?

Question 48

Toughness is a focal concern of the lower-class culture.

Question 49

Park used the example of kudzu taking over areas of nature to illustrate the way that cities grew.

Question 50

According to Shaw and McKay, neighborhoods that have the highest rates of crime are going to be more homogeneous than heterogenous.

Question 51

Explain how Chicago became a petri dish of sorts for sociologists at the University of Chicago.

Question 52

Park applied the ecological principle of symbiosis to explain the dependency of various citizens and units on each other.

Question 53

Ferracuti and Wolfgang's theory was based on subcultural norms.

Question 54

Fate is one of Miller's focal concerns.

Question 55

An example of urban sprawl involves homeowners battling the introduction of malls, businesses, and other industrial centers in districts previously zoned residential.

Question 56

According to Burgess, Zone IV is where the working class homes were located.

Question 57

Identify and give examples of four of the lower-class focal concerns in Miller's theory.

Question 58

Delinquency is one of Miller's focal concerns.

Question 59

Regardless of what social problem is measured, higher rates of it are almost always clustered in the zone in transition.

Question 60

Explain the concentric zone model within social disorganization theory.