Deck 22: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Question 1

What domestic reforms did leaders in the Austrian Empire, Russia, and Great Britain put into place between 1850 and 1870? Which was most successful at resolving its midcentury problems?

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

Talk about:
Ottoman Empire

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

Talk about:
battles of Magenta and Solferino

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

Talk about:
Napoleon III

Question 5

Compare and contrast the practice of Realpolitik in the leadership of Napoleon III of France and Otto von Bismark of Prussia. What were their strengths and weaknesses as leaders, and what were their achievements?

Question 6

In your opinion, what force or forces played the most important role in reviving the progress of European social and political reform in the later nineteenth century?

Question 7

How did the expansion of scientific knowledge affect the Western worldview and the everyday lives of Europeans during the mid-nineteenth century? How does this expansion of scientific knowledge differ from that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Question 8

Compare and contrast the roles of Cavour, Mazzini, and Garibaldi in the unification of Italy. Whose role was most important and why?

Question 9

Talk about:
Mexico and Emperor Maximilian

Question 10

Talk about:
Piedmont and the House of Savoy

Question 11

Talk about:
Count Camillo di Cavour

Question 12

What reasons does the author give to convince the reader that Continental industrialization came of age between 1850 and 1871? How did Continental industrialization differ from that of Britain?

Question 13

What were the major ideas of Karl Marx? How were those ideas shaped by his understanding of both history and his own times?

Question 14

Talk about:
Baron Haussmann and Paris

Question 15

Talk about:
Florence Nightingale

Question 16

Compare and contrast slavery in the United States with the serfdom in Imperial Russia. How and why was the abolition of both accomplished, and what consequences followed for former slaves and former serfs?

Question 17

What were the aims and accomplishments of Bismarck and Cavour? Which statesman faced the greatest challenges, and who was most successful in overcoming challenges? Be specific.

Question 18

Talk about:
Dardanelles and Sevastopol

Question 19

How did Realism differ from Romanticism? How did Realism reflect the economic and social realities of Europe during the middle decades of the nineteenth century?

Question 20

Talk about:
Crimean War

Question 21

Talk about:
Queen Victoria

Question 22

Talk about:
Franco-Prussian War

Question 23

Talk about:
Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Red Shirts

Question 24

Talk about:
Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone

Question 25

Talk about:
Alexander II and the serfs

Question 26

Talk about:
the People's Will

Question 27

Talk about:
zemstvos

Question 28

Talk about:
Second German Empire

Question 29

Talk about:
Dual Monarchy

Question 30

Talk about:
Ausgleich

Question 31

Talk about:
Vera Zasulich

Question 32

Talk about:
Zollverein

Question 33

Talk about:
Alexander Herzen and populism

Question 34

Talk about:
"iron and blood" and Realpolitik

Question 35

Talk about:
Austro-Prussian War

Question 36

Talk about:
Reform Act of 1867

Question 37

Talk about:
Count Otto von Bismarck

Question 38

Talk about:
North German Confederation

Question 39

Talk about:
mir

Question 40

Talk about:
battles of Sadowa and Sedan

Question 41

Talk about:
Realism

Question 42

Talk about:
"survival of the fit"

Question 43

Talk about:
Louis Pasteur

Question 44

Talk about:
Marx's Das Kapital

Question 45

Talk about:
Charles Darwin

Question 46

Talk about:
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation

Question 47

Talk about:
Kansas-Nebraska Act

Question 48

Talk about:
Joseph Lister

Question 49

Talk about:
Auguste Comte and "positive knowledge"

Question 50

Talk about:
bourgeoisie v. proletariat

Question 51

Talk about:
On the Origin of Species

Question 52

Talk about:
joint-stock investment banks

Question 53

Talk about:
materialism

Question 54

Talk about:
Hegel's dialectic

Question 55

Talk about:
First International

Question 56

Talk about:
Elizabeth Blackwell

Question 57

Talk about:
Dominion of Canada

Question 58

Talk about:
Michael Faraday

Question 59

Talk about:
Dmitri Mendeleyev

Question 60

Talk about:
The Communist Manifesto

Question 61

Talk about:
Richard Wagner and Gesamtkunstwerk

Question 62

Among Napoleon III's great domestic projects was

A) the building of the Eiffel Tower.
B) the rededication of the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
C) a reconstruction of Paris with broad boulevards, public squares, and municipal utilities.
D) the damming of the Seine River below Paris for flood control.
E) the construction of the Maginot Line against German militarism.

Question 63

In seeking unification, many Italian nationalists in the 1850s looked for leadership from

A) the Pope.
B) the kingdom of Piedmont.
C) the house of Habsburg.
D) the kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
E) Young Italy.

Question 64

Talk about:
Franz Liszt

Question 65

Talk about:
Gustave Courbet's The Stonebreakers

Question 66

In 1852 the Second Empire in France was created

A) through the assassination of Louis Napoleon.
B) when the army overthrew the Republic in a coup.
C) when the National Assembly voluntarily disbanded.
D) through a bloody revolution in Paris.
E) when French voters overwhelmingly voted for the restoration of the empire.

Question 67

Of the following, under the Second Empire, Napoleon III was most interested in

A) the industrial development of France.
B) avoiding wars and foreign adventures.
C) enhancing civil liberties like free speech.
D) encouraging people to get involved in politics.
E) enhancing the position of the Catholic Church in French culture.

Question 68

The Romantic nationalist who challenged Cavour for control of southern Italy was

A) Matteotti.
B) Mazzini.
C) Garibaldi.
D) Sforza.
E) Cavour.

Question 69

The prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement was

A) Giuseppe Mazzini.
B) Giuseppe Garibaldi.
C) Camillo di Cavour.
D) Victor Emmanuel.
E) the Duke of Alba.

Question 70

The dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification was

A) France.
B) Spain.
C) Papal States.
D) Savoy.
E) Austria.

Question 71

The Eastern Question refers to the disintegration of

A) Qing China.
B) Meiji Japan.
C) the Russian Empire.
D) the Ottoman Empire.
E) the Austrian Empire.

Question 72

England and France entered the Crimean War in 1854 because they feared growing influence in the Mediterranean by

A) Russia.
B) the Ottoman Empire.
C) Prussia.
D) Austria.
E) the United States.

Question 73

Talk about:
Charles Dickens

Question 74

Among the policies of Camillo di Cavour was all of the following except

A) encouraging the development of roads, canals, and railroads in Piedmont.
B) fostering business enterprise by expanding credit.
C) stimulating investment in new industries.
D) securing an alliance with Napoleon III.
E) dramatically reducing government expenditures on the military.

Question 75

An overall result of the Crimean War was

A) the reinforcement of the Concert of Europe until World War I.
B) continued Russian expansionism in Europe for the next two decades.
C) increased involvement for Great Britain in continental affairs.
D) the destruction of the Concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German national unification.
E) to lead to the breakup of the Holy Alliance.

Question 76

The Red Shirts fought for

A) Bismarck.
B) Cavour.
C) Garibaldi.
D) Mazzini.
E) Marx.

Question 77

Napoleon III's most disastrous foreign policy adventure occurred in

A) the Crimea.
B) Italy.
C) Palestine.
D) Schleswig-Holstein.
E) Mexico.

Question 78

Talk about:
Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary

Question 79

Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian-born leader of German unification,

A) instituted the Zollverein , the German customs union that drove industrial development.
B) followed a rigid plan for national unification at all costs.
C) was a liberal from lower class origins who used politics to achieve his reform goals.
D) practiced Realpolitik in conducting domestic and foreign policy.
E) relied upon the diplomatic and military support of the Habsburgs in the Austro-Prussian War.

Question 80

The final act of Italian unification occurred in 1870 when

A) Garibaldi's Red Shirts defeated the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
B) Savoy was defeated with the aid of Prussian troops.
C) Rome became the capital city following the withdrawal of French troops.
D) Piedmont took control of Lombardy as a result of French abandonment of Venice.
E) the pope renounced any territorial claims in all of Italy.