Question 1

The cerebral cortex is made up of four lobes. Which is NOT one of these lobes?&#10;A) Frontal lobe&#10;B) Parietal lobe&#10;C) Occipital lobe&#10;D) Orbital lobe

Accepted Answer

The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes: the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. The "orbital lobe" is not recognized as a separate lobe of the cerebral cortex.

Question 2

A neuron is made up of which of the following parts?&#10;A) Glial cell, axon, cell body, myelin&#10;B) Dendrites, axon, cell body, terminal buttons&#10;C) Myelin, glial cell, axon, dendrites&#10;D) Cell body, terminal buttons, dendrites, myelin

Accepted Answer

Neurons are composed of dendrites (which receive signals), an axon (which transmits signals), a cell body (which contains the nucleus and other organelles), and terminal buttons (which release neurotransmitters).

Question 3

Plasticity is a term that defines:&#10;A) The process by which neurons are covered with an insulation layer&#10;B) The way in which neurons are provided with structural support&#10;C) Compensation by the brain for early damage by replacing lost connections or transferring functions to other areas of the brain&#10;D) Synaptic pruning

Accepted Answer

Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt to changes, such as injury or developmental changes, by reorganizing its structure, functions, or connections. This includes compensating for damage by forming new neural connections or transferring functions to undamaged areas.

Question 4

Invariance hypothesis is best represented by which of the following statements?&#10;A) Where the two halves of the brain become specialised to carry out specific functions&#10;B) The lack of change in the organisation of function across the two hemispheres of the brain&#10;C) Relates changes in brain structure to other developmental changes&#10;D) Representative of hemispheric lateralization

Accepted Answer

The invariance hypothesis suggests that the organization of functions across the two hemispheres of the brain remains constant or lacks change, which is best represented by option B.

Question 5

Which of the following terms is used to describe the process whereby the brain disposes of a neuron's connections to other neurons in order to make space for important skills and information.&#10;A) Neuronal death&#10;B) Plasticity&#10;C) Synaptic pruning&#10;D) Neuron proliferation

Accepted Answer

Synaptic pruning is the process by which the brain eliminates extra synapses, essentially "pruning" away connections between neurons that are no longer necessary, to enhance the efficiency of neuronal transmissions and make room for important connections and skills.

Question 6

Which parts of the brain are referred to as the reptilian brain?&#10;A) The occipital and parietal lobs&#10;B) Limbic structures&#10;C) Cerebrum&#10;D) Brain stem and cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The reptilian brain refers to the brain stem and the cerebellum, which are responsible for primitive survival instincts and automatic functions.

Question 7

Which of the following is not correct? Myelin:&#10;A) Is responsible for almost half of the brain's volume&#10;B) Fails to grow beyond infancy, and is thus involved in the synaptic pruning process&#10;C) Is the insulating layer that covers the axons of neurons to increase the neuron's efficiency&#10;D) Provides a track along which the regrowth of certain fibres is possible and is thus involved in the process of nerve regeneration

Accepted Answer

Myelin continues to grow and develop well beyond infancy, with significant development occurring during childhood and adolescence. It is not involved in the synaptic pruning process, which refers to the reduction of synaptic connections within the brain. Myelin's primary role is to insulate axons to increase the efficiency of neural signal transmission, not to be involved in synaptic pruning.

Question 8

Children with dyslexia, a reading disorder, process spatial information in which part of the brain?&#10;A) Equally, across both hemispheres&#10;B) The right side of the brain&#10;C) The left side of the brain&#10;D) They do not process spatial information

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children with dyslexia, a reading disorder, process...

Question 9

Which of the following is ideal to stimulate brain growth in babies?&#10;A) Trick question, brain growth and catch up growth is possible at any age&#10;B) Everyday interactions with caregivers, siblings and the wider world&#10;C) Vocabulary-based and other educational media&#10;D) Giving many opportunities for experience-dependent learning to occur, since the brain becomes less capable of experience-dependent learning with age

Accepted Answer

Everyday interactions with caregivers, siblings, and the wider world are crucial for stimulating brain growth in babies as they provide diverse stimuli and opportunities for learning and development.

Deck 5: The Biological Foundations of Development II: The Developing Brain