Deck 11: Population, Urbanization, and Environment

Question 1

One of the side effects of the Industrial Revolution has been population growth.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Industrial Revolution began as a result of the demographic transition.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Malthusian prophecy accurately predicted that the American people would reach zero population growth in the 1970s.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The fertility rate represents the number of births in a population in relation to every 1000 women of childbearing age.

Question 5

Thomas Malthus maintained that population grows by geometric progression, but the food supply grows by arithmetic progression.

Question 6

The demographic transition model is based on the fact that in the past 200 years Western societies have gone from high mortality and fertility rates to low fertility and mortality rates.

Question 7

In 1972, the birthrate in the United States had dropped below the replacement level: we had attained zero population growth.

Question 8

The population pyramid is a monument thought to have been built in memory of Egyptian royalty.

Question 9

The most technologically advanced nations also have the lowest fertility rates.

Question 10

Urbanization is the shift of population to cities.

Question 11

Urbanization and urbanism are interchangeable terms.

Question 12

Suburbanization is a significant factor in the urban crisis.

Question 13

Urban renewal has been shown to be highly successful.

Question 14

Urbanism results in central city degeneration.

Question 15

Urbanism is replacing traditional rural values.

Question 16

Rural values have been idealized by Americans; in reality, they are similar to urban values.

Question 17

Urban living is conducive to freedom of action under anonymous conditions.

Question 18

Primary groups are especially important in urban surroundings.

Question 19

Laws, codes, and regulations are more prevalent in the city.

Question 20

A large number of SMSAs leads to an urban crisis.

Question 21

A megalopolis is another name for urban sprawl.

Question 22

The inner cities of most metropolitan areas tend to house the very wealthy.

Question 23

There are various levels of ecosystems, but a balance must be maintained in all.

Question 24

Planet Earth constitutes a global ecosystem.

Question 25

Americans are worried most about the depletion of fossil fuels burned for energy.

Question 26

A small creek in a suburban neighborhood is considered to be a local ecosystem.

Question 27

Overpopulation is a problem worldwide but only in relation to:

A) demography
B) poor contraception
C) population density
D) political organization

Question 28

Population began to increase steadily:

A) by around the middle of the 18th century
B) with improvements in agriculture, technology, and medicine
C) in the Bronze Age
D) in the 17th century when agriculture, technology and medicine improved

Question 29

The number of births in a population in relation to every 1000 women of childbearing age in a year is called the:

A) birthrate
B) fertility rate
C) population pyramid
D) population growth rate

Question 30

Which is typical of the first stage of the demographic transition?

A) high birthrates and high death rates
B) high birthrates and declining death rates
C) declining birthrates and high death rates
D) cycles of growth and decline

Question 31

Which subject is not studied by demography?

A) Birthrates, death rates, sex rates
B) Age groups, marriage incidence, divorce frequency
C) Human mobility
D) Rock forming, land shaping, soil forming

Question 32

Zero population growth:

A) means that no more children are born
B) indicates that the fertility rate has dropped below the replacement level
C) must be achieved by all nations by the year 2005
D) is actively pursued by many of the underdeveloped nations.

Question 33

Demographers believe that:

A) the demographic transition represents a general pattern
B) Western societies are doomed to extinction
C) the underdeveloped nations must increase their birthrate
D) population grows in inverse proportion to food production

Question 34

It is true of the population of the United States that:

A) it is getting older
B) there are more women than men
C) rural and sunbelt areas attract only the young
D) it is BOTH older and more female

Question 35

Birthrates:

A) generally correspond to population density
B) are low in Western Europe and Japan
C) are high in Arabia and interior Africa
D) are BOTH low in Western Europe and Japan and high in Arabia and Africa

Question 36

Most population experts:

A) expect the growth rate to remain constant
B) expect population to level off at between 8 and 15 billion people
C) have written off the Malthusian prophecy altogether
D) believe that a high fertility rate continues to be necessary in the developing nations

Question 37

Eventually, urban families everywhere in the world:

A) follow the dictates of religion and culture
B) voluntarily curb their fertility
C) have attained zero population growth
D) willingly accept governmental family planning

Question 38

Environmental pollution is the result of:

A) dysfunctions in the earth's atmosphere
B) ignorance on the part of the underdeveloped nations
C) human actions that have harmful consequences
D) unknown bacteria and viruses

Question 39

The real problem in population growth is:

A) sheer numbers
B) uneven density of population
C) population growth presents no problem
D) that most societies have a low fertility rate

Question 40

The highest percentage of humans live in:

A) India
B) Russia
C) China
D) the U. S.

Question 41

Population density:

A) always relates to birthrates
B) is low in Japan
C) is low in Western Europe
D) is high in industrial areas

Question 42

The crude birthrate is the:

A) number of births per thousand people per year
B) number or births a year in the world
C) the same as the fertility rate
D) the same as the fecundity rate

Question 43

The highest birthrates today are found in:

A) highly developed nations
B) the underdeveloped nations
C) Japan
D) Western Europe

Question 44

Death rates are highest in:

A) tropical Africa
B) Britain
C) Turkey
D) Thailand

Question 45

Thomas Malthus stated that:

A) food increases in a geometric progression
B) populations grow in arithmetic progression
C) populations increase in geometric progression
D) population growth is a matter of algebra, not geometry or arithmetic

Question 46

World overpopulation could be prevented by:

A) zero population growth worldwide
B) the elimination of the demographic transition
C) natural change
D) a return to preindustrial medicine

Question 47

The stages of the demographic transition model are:

A) high births, high death rates
B) low death rates, high birthrates
C) low birth rates, low death rates
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 48

An area which is today in the first stage of the demographic transition is the following:

A) U. S. A.
B) China
C) Tropical Africa
D) Japan

Question 49

Which Catholic nation displays high birthrates?

A) Ireland
B) France
C) Italy
D) Mexico

Question 50

How many children are American women having today?

A) 1.8 per woman
B) 2.1
C) 3.6
D) 4.0

Question 51

If population growth in the underdeveloped nations continues unabated, in 2050 world population will be:

A) 6 billion
B) 8 billion
C) 10 billion
D) 30 billion

Question 52

A population pyramid shows:

A) sex and age distribution within a population
B) the relation between population and land area
C) the ratio between a nation's standard of living and its population density
D) the relation between population growth and food supply

Question 53

Birthrates remain high in the Third World because:

A) there has been a cultural lag following superimposed industrialization
B) in many cultures, a man's worth is measured by the number of his children
C) contraception is either opposed or not properly practiced
D) all of the above

Question 54

The relationship between population and income is:

A) an increase in income produces a decline in fertility
B) the birth rate rises because of an increase in education
C) the rise in income and population results in a decrease of urbanization
D) working women have more children

Question 55

The United States, Canada, Northern and Western Europe, among other areas, are:

A) in the first stage of the demographic transition
B) still trying to curb population growth
C) threatened by underpopulation
D) in the third stage of the demographic transition

Question 56

One of the perceived advantages of suburban living is:

A) concentration of apartments
B) larger variety of cultural resources
C) older, more gracious housing
D) greater safety from crime

Question 57

Factors in the urban crisis include:

A) the move of the middle class and industry to the suburbs
B) the inner city's declining tax base
C) a high percentage of deprived and trapped individuals
D) all of the above

Question 58

Urbanism is defined as:

A) the migration of people from rural to urban centers
B) a set of attitudes and a way of life distinct from the rural
C) the growth of cities and suburbs at the expense of rural areas
D) the study of the growth and decline of populations

Question 59

The urban crisis:

A) is intensified by the move of the middle class to the suburbs
B) has been reduced by urban renewal
C) has been intensified by gentrification
D) is well on the way to being resolved

Question 60

The transition from rural living to city living occurred because:

A) there was less need for farm workers as agriculture became mechanized
B) factories were concentrated in cities
C) social change dictated a new fad: urban living
D) of BOTH a decrease in the need for farm workers AND the fact that factories were located in cities

Question 61

Social organization in the city brought ALL BUT which one of these changes?

A) The class structure became more rigid
B) Families became nuclear
C) Primary group ties became less important
D) Formal agencies of control multiplied

Question 62

When farms are destroyed in favor of factories and suburbs, it is an example of:

A) urbanization
B) secularization
C) popularization
D) none of the above

Question 63

In developing nations, cities are growing along with rural areas because:

A) of lower death rates
B) of high birth rates
C) cultural values encourage large families
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 64

Agriculture in industrial nations is now based on:

A) many small farmers
B) greater productivity of farms because of mechanization
C) increases in rural population
D) artificial food production

Question 65

An ecological city is:

A) the central city, suburbs, and satellites
B) one with a recycling center
C) one containing a clean water supply for the area
D) where urban planning originates
E) all of the above

Question 66

A countertrend observable since the 1950s is:

A) a great increase in population in the cities
B) rural areas became very depopulated
C) urban decentralization
D) urban residents providing their own food supply by planting gardens

Question 67

A decline in the rural population was due chiefly to:

A) factories
B) the continued improvements in agricultural methods
C) population size
D) the favor of the local tyrant

Question 68

The urban trends resulting from the Industrial Revolution include:

A) strengthening primary ties
B) a return to Biblical religions
C) homogeneous populations
D) reduced family size

Question 69

The emphasis on rural virtues:

A) has been reinforced by recent studies
B) is based on stereotypes
C) helped democratic representation in the states
D) gave urban dwellers an inferiority complex

Question 70

.According to the U. S. Census Bureau, a CMSA is defined as:

A) a relatively large, dense, permanent settlement of heterogeneous individuals
B) any locality with a population of one million people or more
C) an ecological system
D) any locality with a downtown and suburbs

Question 71

The percentage of people around the world who lived in cities in 1990 is approximately:

A) 20 percent
B) 43 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 80 percent

Question 72

Urbanism is associated with:

A) extended families
B) Gemeinschaft society
C) increase in anomie and alienation
D) public transportation

Question 73

Suburban growth was based on:

A) the development of automobile travel
B) expensive suburban property
C) wartime industrial expansions
D) movement of factories out of the cities

Question 74

Suburbanization today is based on:

A) skin color only
B) homogeneous families
C) social class
D) the grass being greener in the suburbs

Question 75

Most American cities have:

A) large shopping malls
B) many high income taxpayers
C) continual building of new industries
D) a reduced tax base

Question 76

A metropolitan area consists of:

A) several small towns
B) a central city and surrounding suburbs and small towns
C) the city only
D) a city with a subway system

Question 77

The SMSA is based on:

A) a town smaller than 2500 residents
B) one or more counties containing at least one city of 50,000 residents, or two cities totaling 50,000
C) a town of 10,000 and surrounding counties
D) a city of at least 100,000 residents and its suburbs

Question 78

When metropolitan areas start to merge with each other, the result is:

A) a standard metropolitan area
B) a megalopolis
C) an ecological city
D) a repetition of the Greek polis

Question 79

A ghetto is based on:

A) slums
B) a concentration of one racial group in an area
C) residents who make up an economic underclass
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 80

Gentrification is the trend of:

A) city dwellers learning proper manners
B) middle class professionals renovating old city housing and using them as residenc-es
C) continued movement to suburbs
D) city residents returning to manor houses in country