Deck 16: Performance Enhancing Substances

Question 1

Steroid hormones used to build muscle mass are related to _______, whereas steroid hormones used as anti-inflammatory drugs are related to ____________.

A) Epinephrine; thyroxin
B) Testosterone; corticosteroids
C) Cortisol; aldosterone
D) Vitamin D; vitamin A
E) IGF-1; HGH

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Anabolic steroids are used legally for which disease or condition?

A) Hypogonadism
B) Breast cancer
C) Angioneurotic edema
D) AIDS-related cachexia (wasting disease)
E) All the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

How do anabolic steroids work?

A) By binding an intracellular receptor that then binds and regulates DNA
B) By activating a calcium channel in the cell membrane
C) By binding a cell surface receptor that increases cellular levels of cyclic AMP
D) By entering mitochondria and activating ATP synthesis
E) By interacting directly with ribosomes to increase the synthesis of muscle proteins

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Secondary effects of anabolic steroid use include which of the following?

A) Hepatotoxicity
B) Left ventricular hypertrophy
C) Poor HDL and LD ratios
D) Problems with sex drive and aggression
E) All the above

Question 5

What is HGH (human growth hormone)?

A) Steroid related to testosterone
B) Calcium agonist
C) Catecholamine
D) Peptide hormone
E) Hormone that becomes active following renin treatment

Question 6

Growth hormone causes __________, whereas anabolic steroid hormones cause _________.

A) Inflammation; feminization
B) Hyperlipidemia; dyslipidemia
C) Hyperplasia; hypertrophy
D) Hyperactivity; plasticity
E) Cancer; infertility

Question 7

The first successful blood doping experiment confirmed which principle?

A) Exercise capacity is dependent, in part, on oxygen utilization.
B) Exercise capacity is dependent, in part, on oxygen delivery.
C) Catecholamine response is essential in exercise performance.
D) Training increases the microvasculature to skeletal muscle.
E) ATP production can be independent of oxygen content during anaerobic metabolism.

Question 8

When cells in the kidney sense low oxygen levels, what happens?

A) They increase erythropoietin production.
B) They decrease erythropoietin production.
C) They become hypersensitive to adrenaline.
D) They activate pathways to make more ATP.
E) They increase blood flow to the lungs.

Question 9

PES can only increase muscle mass and its oxygen-utilizing capacity, and they do little to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

Question 10

There are two classes of testosterone analogues, those that promote tissue building and those that are masculinizing.

Question 11

Males that take high doses of testosterone can end up with elevated levels of estrogen and breast enlargement.

Question 12

Research on the ergogenic properties of anabolic steroids is constrained because the large doses taken by athletes and bodybuilders cannot be reproduced in the lab due to ethical considerations.

Question 13

Anabolic steroids can increase muscle size even without resistance training.

Question 14

HGH use has escalated as determined by the increase in the number of positive urine tests at the Olympics.

Question 15

Certain resistance exercise protocols can increase the release of HGH, even in older males.

Question 16

Growth hormone levels increase as we age and contribute to the age-related increase in cancer.

Question 17

Training at high altitudes increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, as the person adjusts to the lower oxygen levels in the atmosphere.

Question 18

Erythropoietin increases the survival rate of reticulocytes, allowing the number of mature erythrocytes to increase.

Question 19

Once a urine test was developed that could detect the recombinant (drug form) of erythropoietin, samples from a previous race could be tested to determine how many competitors were cheating.

Question 20

Improved oxygen delivery keeps muscles from depending on anaerobic metabolism, decrease the buildup of lactate, and could be glycogen sparing.

Question 21

Too much erythropoietin can increase the hematocrit and blood viscosity to the point where competitive cyclists have died in their sleep.

Question 22

Overproduction of HGH or overuse of it as a drug can lead to ____________.

Question 23

An _________ transfusion involves reinfusion of blood or blood components into the same individual that originally donated them.

Question 24

The test that measures the percentage of volume of whole blood composed of red blood cells, and is used for blood doping, is called a _____________.