Deck 7: Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

Question 1

Most infants show signs of comprehending words, including pointing and waving, at which age?

A) 6-8 months
B) 10-15 months
C) 18-24 months
D) 24-36 months

Answer 1

6-8 months

Question 2

Children increase their vocabulary, on average, from 50 to 200 words during which age span?

A) 6-8 months
B) 10-15 months
C) 18-24 months
D) 24-36 months

Answer 2

18-24 months

Question 3

At approximately what age will children use 2 word phrases to express thoughts?

A) 8 months
B) 15 months
C) 18 months
D) 24 months

Answer 3

24 months

Question 4

Most children will have a vocabulary of approximately 1000 words by what age?

A) 18 months
B) 24 months
C) 36 months
D) 48 months

Question 5

Although there is some disagreement between researchers on the role poverty, stress, and culture play in children's language acquisition, most researchers agree

A) parent's verbal interactions with children impact the rate and quality of children's language development
B) there is no role for parents in children's language development
C) children will always develop language skills no matter how they interact with their parents or social environment
D) children will not be able to acquire language skills successfully in a financially or emotionally impoverished environment

Question 6

Language acquisition is:

A) based mostly on brain development
B) based mostly on social cues and modeling from parents
C) based neither on behavioral or biological influences
D) based on both behavioral and biological influences

Question 7

Stranger anxiety normally develops at what age?

A) Around six months
B) 12 months
C) 18 months
D) 24 months

Question 8

Separation anxiety typically develops at what age?

A) 6-12 months
B) 12-18 months
C) 18-24 months
D) 24-30 months

Question 9

An emotional development milestone in which children can detect and respond appropriately to emotional cues in others is called:

A) Separation anxiety
B) Social referencing
C) Social orientation
D) Collective awareness

Question 10

The ability to pick up small objects is associated with:

A) Gross motor skills
B) Formal operations
C) Fine motor skills
D) Proximodistal development

Question 11

The idea that infant development follows the progression of neck, head, and arms followed by crawling and walking refers to:

A) Proximodistal development
B) Fine motor skill development
C) Milestones in Gross motor development
D) Cephalocaudal development

Question 12

The tendency of the trunk area of an infant's body to develop before the extremities is referred to as:

A) Proximodistal development
B) Fine motor skill development
C) Milestones in Gross motor development
D) Cephalocaudal development

Question 13

Infants normally begin to hold objects and bang them together at what age?

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 9 months
D) 12 months

Question 14

In Ainsworth's styles of attachment, an infant who is clingy with the caregiver and refuses to explore or be comforted is referred to as:

A) Insecure avoidant
B) Insecure resistant
C) Insecure disorganized
D) Secure

Question 15

In Ainsworth's styles of attachment, an infant who may show fear, anxiety, or resistance around the caregiver is referred to as:

A) Insecure avoidant
B) Insecure resistant
C) Insecure disorganized
D) Secure

Question 16

The bond development between an infant and their caregiver is referred to as:

A) Secure
B) Attachment
C) Affection
D) Positive regard

Question 17

In attachment theory, how does daycare affect attachment?

A) It negatively affects attachment
B) It positively affects attachment
C) It depends on the quality of the daycare
D) Research on the matter is inconclusive

Question 18

"A set of culturally accepted activities, expectations, and behaviors assigned to males and females" refers to

A) Gender roles
B) Sexual orientation
C) Chromosomal assignment
D) Social stereotyping

Question 19

"A child's gender identity and gender expression are congruent with the sex they were assigned at birth" refers to which term?

A) Gender role
B) Sexual Orientation
C) Cisgender
D) Transgender

Question 20

Which term refers to the idea that there is a wider, more flexible range of gender experiences that people can have, that these experiences may or may not be congruent with socially acceptable binary definitions of gender?

A) Transgender
B) Cisgender
C) Gender dysmophia
D) Gender fluidity

Question 21

Temperament, the consistent ways we respond behaviorally and emotionally, to our environment, is considered to:

A) Adjust to circumstances
B) Be a fairly stable trait throughout life
C) Evolve throughout the life span
D) Be unstable and erratic

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a temperament style?

A) The easy child
B) The difficult child
C) The fun child
D) The slow-to-warm-up child

Question 23

Children with Autism share characteristics of all the following EXCEPT:

A) mental retardation
B) problematic communication,
C) awkward social interaction,
D) repetitive or restricted behaviors

Question 24

Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely than children from high SES to experience which of the following?

A) Injuries and death
B) Low IQ
C) Neurological problems
D) All of the above

Question 25

Children from low socioeconomic status families are more likely to have all of the following except:

A) Lead poisoning
B) Improved eyesight
C) Tooth decay
D) Illness and infections

Question 26

The idea that parental self-efficacy tends to be associated with positive parenting aligns with which theory of behavioral and learning?

A) Classical conditioning
B) Social learning theory
C) Humanism
D) Attachment theory

Question 27

The role that siblings play in one another's lives is:

A) Probably less important than that of the parents
B) About the same as that of the parents
C) Probably more important than that of the parents
D) None of the above

Question 28

Which of the following is thought to be a characteristic of a first-born child?

A) More self-disciplined than later-born children
B) Less easily influenced by authority than younger siblings
C) Vary more from parents' values
D) Do not readily seek approval

Question 29

Which of the following is a symptom of emotional abuse?

A) Low self-esteem
B) Poor school performance
C) Suicidal behavior
D) All of the above

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT considered an adverse childhood experience (ACE)?

A) Living next door to grandparents
B) Physical abuse
C) Divorce
D) Parental mental illness

Question 31

When it comes to reporting child abuse, social workers

A) Are mandated by state law to report
B) Are mandated by federal law to report
C) Should do so rarely since it could have a negative impact on the parents
D) Are the only profession required by law to report

Question 32

Planning to either prevent out-of-home placements or make foster or adoptive placements as quickly as possible refers to:

A) The Adoption and Safe Families Act
B) Permanency planning
C) Child welfare
D) Indian Child Welfare Act

Question 33

Which act required CPS to make reasonable efforts to prevent adoptive placements and provide service plans to avoid them?

A) Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997
B) Multi-ethnic Placement Act of 1994
C) Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980
D) Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978

Question 34

Which act revised a previous law, pushing for permanency planning, and reducing the amount of time for placement from 18 to 12 months?

A) Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997
B) Multi- ethnic Placement Act of 1994
C) Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980
D) Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978

Question 35

How do biological and behavioral influences impact the development of language in young children?

Question 36

Describe the differences between cephalocaudal development and proximodistal development.

Question 37

Explain attachment theory and describe its strengths and weaknesses.

Question 38

What does research say about how daycare affects attachment?

Question 39

According to your textbook "there is no evidence to suggest a causal relationship between low SES and mental illness, only an association between the two". Explain this statement.

Question 40

Compare and contrast the parenting styles of authoritarian and authoritative.

Question 41

Why is it important for social workers to identify and build on the strengths of parents?

Question 42

Why is it important for researchers to study daycare?

Question 43

Discuss the social costs of child maltreatment.

Question 44

Describe the differences between the types of child abuse and neglect. Explain what the causes of child abuse could be from an ecological perspective.

Question 45

Describe the current debates around the Head Start program.

Question 46

Which model, and why, would be most appropriate to view developmental problems in low-income children and from which to build interventions?

Question 47

During a training for prospective adoptive parents, what will you tell them about typical emotional development, given that the children will be between the ages of 6 months and 5 years old?

Question 48

Describe 3 different explanations for the consequences of low SES on child development.

Question 49

Why is attachment so important for infants? Use Ainsworth, Erikson, and Piaget's theories to discuss attachment.

Question 50

What are "ACEs"? Explain health effects ACEs may have, and explain the compounding affect of ACEs.

Question 51

Describe the impacts of childhood emotional abuse on adult behavior.

Question 52

What would a foster parent need to know about a child with Autism? How might a diagnosis of Autism affect the success of a child in foster care? Refer to three readings/articles beyond your textbook.

Question 53

Briefly explain attachment theory and then use attachment theory to discuss the effects of intimate partner violence.