Deck 9: Interrogation of Suspects and Hostile Witnesses

Question 1

The purpose of a(n) ______________ is to elicit information from a suspect who may suppress the facts, or from people whose answers might be colored by close ties to a suspect.

A) confession
B) interrogation
C) interview
D) investigation
E) surveillance

Answer 1

B

Question 2

An express or implied statement tending to support the suspect's involvement in the crime, but insufficient by itself to prove guilt, is known as a(n)

A) confession
B) interrogation
C) witness statement
D) admission
E) dying declaration

Answer 2

D

Question 3

An oral or written statement acknowledging guilt is known as a(n)

A) confession
B) admission
C) witness statement
D) dying declaration
E) sworn statement

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to the authors, an understanding of why it is possible to obtain a confession from a suspect may be found in the works of

A) Freud and Pavlov
B) Wilson and Kelling
C) Horowelch and Larson
D) Horowitz and Pavlov
E) Horowitz and Solzhenitsyn

Question 5

A direct accusation made at the start of the interrogation process is considered to be

A) implicit
B) direct
C) explicit
D) indirect
E) concrete

Question 6

During an interrogation, an accusation communicated by the interrogator's attitude and demeanor is considered to be

A) implicit
B) direct
C) explicit
D) indirect
E) concrete

Question 7

Horowitz states that a guilty person's first response to being accused is to become

A) belligerent
B) combative
C) nervous and angry
D) worried and psychologically unsettled
E) cooperative

Question 8

Pavlov found that an artificial stimulus or signal could, by repeated association, be substituted for a(n) __________________ to cause a physiological response:

A) artificial stimulus
B) natural stimulus
C) physical condition
D) conditioned stimulus
E) natural condition

Question 9

By varying the ___________________ or signal, Pavlov could estimate the extent of stress created from the amount of saliva produced by the animal.

A) artificial stimulus
B) natural stimulus
C) physical condition
D) conditioned stimulus
E) natural condition

Question 10

In 1931, the Wickersham Commission identified ________________ as a widespread and almost universal practice of extracting confessions through police brutality.

A) an interrogation
B) an interview
C) the third degree
D) the spotlight procedure
E) waterboarding

Question 11

The practice of criminal interrogation in the United States has been significantly affected by decisions of the Supreme Court, most significantly by

A) Escobedo v. Illinois
B) Katz v. United States
C) Roper v. Simmons
D) United States v. Boatwright
E) none of the above

Question 12

From the outset, if a person in custody is to be subjected to an interrogation, s/he must first be informed in clear and unequivocal terms that s/he has the right to

A) remain silent
B) make a telephone call
C) see the evidence against them
D) speak to the chief investigator
E) leave when wanted

Question 13

The right to have counsel present at the interrogation is fundamental to the protection of the ______________ Amendment.

A) Fourth
B) Fifth
C) Sixth
D) Eighth
E) Fourteenth

Question 14

According to the authors, perhaps the most suitable means for demonstrating that an interrogation was conducted using civilized police practices and that a confession is trustworthy and voluntary is to

A) have the suspect write the confession in his/her own handwriting
B) have several witnesses available to hear the confession
C) record the session with video-sound tape
D) have the suspect's parents present
E) record the confession on a tape recorder.

Question 15

According to the authors, a subject in a criminal investigation usually does not wish to be questioned in

A) public
B) private
C) the police department
D) a squad car
E) his/her home

Question 16

An aim of judicial guidance of interrogation practices in the United States and Great Britain is to ensure that a confession is trustworthy and that it was made voluntarily.

Question 17

According to the authors, although spouses, parents, accomplices, and friends will not often divulge information that could be damaging to a suspect's best interests, these sources may still provide potentially prejudicial information.

Question 18

If the suspect is indeed guilty of the crime of which s/he is accused, then a confession can be obtained only through duress such as torture, brutality, and excessive or prolonged psychological pressure.

Question 19

The perception of an accusation during the interrogation process may cause a person's feelings of psychological freedom and movement to be curtailed.

Question 20

Even when the police know the identity of the killer, admissions or confessions to gangland killings are rare.

Question 21

Minimizing the ethical considerations and seriousness of a person's conduct makes it easier for the person to confess to his/her crimes.

Question 22

Assuming that dogs and other animals react to stress in a somewhat similar fashion, Pavlovian theory is not of service to investigators in fathoming why a confession may be obtained.

Question 23

The purpose of an interview is to elicit information from a suspect who may suppress the facts, or from people whose answers might be colored by close ties to a suspect.

Question 24

According to Horowitz, a confession is rare when, for example, the "hit man" in a gangland killing is apprehended and questioned.

Question 25

Horowitz's Five Basic Concepts are accusation, available evidence, friendly and hostile forces, guilt feelings, and confession as a way out.

Question 26

Pavlov's observations are not applicable to human behavior.