Question 1

Reflexive, involuntary behaviors are associated with ___________ conditioning.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is associated with reflexive, involuntary behaviors, as it involves learning through association, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflexive response.

Question 2

In ___________ conditioning, the extinction process is the decreasing of the conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented alone&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus (US), leading to a decrease in the conditioned response (CR). This process demonstrates that the association between the CS and the US can weaken over time when they are not paired together.

Question 3

The evolutionary influence of _______________ conditioning is that innate predispositions influence how easily an association is formed between a particular stimulus and response.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is the correct answer because it involves learning through association, where an innate or natural response to a stimulus becomes associated with a previously neutral stimulus. This process shows how evolutionary predispositions can influence the ease with which certain associations are formed, reflecting the organism's adaptive responses to its environment.

Question 4

The evolutionary influence in ____________ conditioning is that behaviors similar to natural or instinctive behaviors are more readily conditioned.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

The answer of The evolutionary influence in ____________ conditioning is...

Question 5

Behavior is elicited by a stimulus in _____________ conditioning.&#10;A)operant&#10;B)classical&#10;C)insight&#10;D)social

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, behavior is elicited by a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with an unconditioned stimulus. This form of learning was famously demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov through his experiments with dogs, where a neutral stimulus (a bell) came to elicit a conditioned response (salivation) after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food).

Question 6

Who was classical conditioning developed by?&#10;A)hull&#10;B)thorndike&#10;C)skinner&#10;D)pavlov

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning was developed by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, through his work on the digestive systems of dogs, where he discovered that dogs could learn to associate a neutral stimulus (like a bell) with an automatic behavior (like salivating at the sight of food).

Question 7

Operant conditioning...&#10;A)uses \paired stimuli\ to make products and/or services more desirable&#10;B)uses positive and negative reinforcement to change attitudes and behaviour&#10;C)measures attitudes towards a certain subject&#10;D)changes beliefs

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves the use of positive and negative reinforcement to modify behavior, rather than changing beliefs directly, measuring attitudes, or using paired stimuli which is more characteristic of classical conditioning.

Question 8

Operant conditioning forms an association between a behavior and a consequence. The consequences are:&#10;A)something good can start or be presented; something good can end or be taken away&#10;B)something bad can start or be presented; something bad can end or be taken away.&#10;C)constant reinforcement&#10;D)both a & b

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves learning through the consequences of behavioral responses. These consequences can include something good starting or being presented (positive reinforcement) or ending/being taken away (negative reinforcement), as well as something bad starting or being presented (punishment) or ending/being taken away (negative punishment). Thus, both A and B are correct, making D the correct choice.

Question 9

In Pavlov's Dog's, which of these is the conditioned stimuli?&#10;A)bell&#10;B)food&#10;C)saliva&#10;D)attendant

Accepted Answer

In Pavlov's experiment, the bell is the conditioned stimulus because it is a neutral stimulus that, through association with the unconditioned stimulus (food), comes to elicit a conditioned response (salivation).

Question 10

Classical conditioning can be applied within marketing. For example Coke's polar bear ad campaign. The bears (US) generate positive feelings (UR), and Coke (CS) is associated with the positive feelings that have then become the __

A)cr
B)us
C)ur
D)cs

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the conditioned response (CR) is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus (CS), which in this case is Coke. The positive feelings become the CR.

Question 11

Businesses can use operant conditioning to continuously reward consumers for patronage via:&#10;A)reward cards&#10;B)constant low prices&#10;C)special competitions&#10;D)both a & b

Accepted Answer

The answer of Businesses can use operant conditioning to continuously...

Question 12

Which one is not an intermittentreinforcement?&#10;A)one off\s&#10;B)sales promotions&#10;C)special competitions&#10;D)constant low prices

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one is not an intermittentreinforcement?&#10;A)one off\s&#10;B)sales...

Question 13

Operant conditioning:&#10;A)reinforcement&#10;B)drive&#10;C)cue&#10;D)response

Accepted Answer

The answer of Operant conditioning:&#10;A)reinforcement&#10;B)drive&#10;C)cue&#10;D)response...

Question 14

Which theorists originated the Insight learning theory and Social learning theory&#10;A)bandura and hull&#10;B)kohler and bandura&#10;C)hull and guthrie&#10;D)thorndike and kohler

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theorists originated the Insight learning theory...

Question 15

Which theory advocates mentoring, apprenticeship, or on the job training, and internships?&#10;A)conditions of learning theory&#10;B)theory of social cognitive development&#10;C)social learning theory&#10;D)insight learning

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory advocates mentoring, apprenticeship, or on...

Question 16

Which of the following assumptions are incorrect, according to Social-Cognitive theorists?&#10;A)people can learn through observing others.&#10;B)learning doesn	 always result in an immediate change.&#10;C)people set goals for themselves and strive to achieve their goals.&#10;D)people will learn something only if reinforcing or punishing consequences follow their behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following assumptions are incorrect,...

Question 17

What kind of reinforcement should you use if you want to a response to last without reinforcement long after it's been learned through operant conditioning?&#10;A)continuous&#10;B)intermittent&#10;C)either a and b&#10;D)neither a nor b

Accepted Answer

The answer of What kind of reinforcement should you use...

Question 18

A student sometimes got A's on his midterm exams last year when he used his green pen to write the exams. Now he always takes his lucky green pens to exams. How did the student's superstitious behavior arise?

A)observational learning
B)classical conditioning
C)operant conditioning
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student sometimes got A's on his...

Question 19

A scalloped response pattern, in which responses are slow at the beginning of a time period and then faster just before reinforcement happens, is typical of which type of reinforcement schedule?&#10;A)fixed ratio&#10;B)variable ratio&#10;C)fixed interval&#10;D)variable interval

Accepted Answer

The answer of A scalloped response pattern, in which responses...

Question 20

What is the procedure called in which reinforcement is used to guide a response closer and closer to a desired response?&#10;A)stimulus discrimination&#10;B)stimulus generalization&#10;C)spontaneous recovery&#10;D)shaping

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the procedure called in which...

Question 21

Classical conditioning usually works best if which of the following occurs?&#10;A)the conditioned stimulus (cs) is presented just after the unconditioned stimulus (ucs)&#10;B)the cs is presented just before the ucs&#10;C)the cs is presented many hours after the ucs&#10;D)all of the above are equally effective

Accepted Answer

The answer of Classical conditioning usually works best if which...

Question 22

Which of the following terms means the tendency for conditioning to be limited by natural instincts?&#10;A)instinctive drift&#10;B)innate conditioning&#10;C)natural learning&#10;D)classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following terms means the...

Question 23

In operant conditioning, what is the tendency for a response to happen only when a particular stimulus is present?&#10;A)stimulus generalization&#10;B)shaping&#10;C)response acquisition&#10;D)stimulus discrimination

Accepted Answer

The answer of In operant conditioning, what is the tendency...

Deck 2: Conditioning Theories and Concepts