Deck 12: Community-Based Corrections for Juveniles: Giving Kids the Chance They Need

Question 1

______ is a Latin phrase used to describe the power of the state to act in place of the parents for the purpose of protecting the property and person of a child.

A) Actus Reus
B) Lex Talionis
C) Parens Patriae
D) Para Bellum

Answer 1

Parens Patriae

Question 2

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) of 1974 requires______.

A) the deinstitutionalization of status offenders
B) removal of juveniles from adult jails and lockups
C) reducing minority confinement
D) All of the Above

Answer 2

All of the Above

Question 3

The first Court Appointed Special Advocate Program (CASA) was established in______.

A) Indiana
B) Wisconsin
C) Washington
D) Florida

Answer 3

Washington

Question 4

A serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offender, is sometimes referred to as a______.

A) superpredator
B) juba
C) bugsy
D) gurrah

Question 5

The first juvenile court in the United States was established in______in 1899.

A) Baltimore
B) New York
C) ^Chicago
D) Philadelphia

Question 6

In________, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that pretrial preventive detention of juveniles under New York's Family Court Act did not violate the "fundamental fairness" requirement of the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause.

A) Schall v. Martin
B) In re Winship
C) In re Gault
D) Breed v. Jones

Question 7

In______, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that before a minor is transferred to adult court the child is entitled to an informal hearing where the trial court must articulate the reasons for the transfer so that the child can have an adequate record for appellate review.

A) Breed v. Jones
B) Sullivan v. Florida
C) Kent v. United States
D) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 8

The most common provision for transferring a juvenile case to criminal court is______.

A) Judicial Waiver
B) Statutory Exclusion
C) Concurrent Jurisdiction
D) None of the Above

Question 9

Which of the following U.S. Supreme Court cases did NOT relate to the constitutionality of the juvenile death penalty.

A) Thompson v. Oklahoma
B) Stanford v. Kentucky
C) Roper v. Simmons
D) Jenkins v. Boyd

Question 10

Research studies using meta-analysis techniques have found that______.

A) rehabilitative treatments in community settings reduced recidivism more effectively than treatments in custodial institutions
B) individual counseling, training in interpersonal skills, and behavioral programs are effective in decreasing recidivism
C) multiple services have positive effects for juvenile offenders
D) All of the above

Question 11

____________ % of all delinquency cases are placed on probation.

A) 15
B) 40
C) 67
D) 99

Question 12

The first Court Appointed Special Advocate Program (CASA) was established in 1977 by David Soukup, a juvenile court judge in Seattle, Washington.

Question 13

Research has consistently shown that well-structured community-based programs for juveniles can reduce recidivism more effectively than traditional correctional programs and at less cost.

Question 14

A study conducted by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) of the Utah juvenile justice system showed that community-based corrections saved the state money.

Question 15

Dr. Mark Lipsey's meta-analysis of 443 studies of juvenile programs found that rehabilitative treatments in community settings reduced recidivism more effectively than treatments in custodial institutions.

Question 16

Between 1987 and 1993 juvenile crime increases centered on the arrest rate for murder, which increased by 110 percent.

Question 17

By law, private agencies are not allowed to operate juvenile detention centers.

Question 18

In McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that hearing a case in both juvenile and criminal court constitutes double jeopardy.

Question 19

Judicial waiver laws permit juvenile court judges to remove certain youth from juvenile court jurisdiction to be tried as adults in criminal court.

Question 20

In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that executing juveniles who were under the age of 18 at the time of their crime constituted cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendments.

Question 21

In only 40% of all delinquency cases are juveniles placed on probation.

Question 22

One reason that probation is rarely used in the juvenile justice system is the high number of status offenders.

Question 23

After a youth is convicted of an offense, a predisposition report is typically prepared by a probation office for the juvenile court.

Question 24

The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) is widely used for assessing general risk and developing individualized supervision plans among justice-involved youth.

Question 25

Juvenile probation officers are in essence the eyes and ears of the court, serving as both compliance officers and brokers of services.

Question 26

The purpose of Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP) is to provide an intermediate sanction between standard probation and secure detention.

Question 27

Aftercare involves the reintegration of confined youths back into the community with the goal of averting recidivism.

Question 28

Juvenile drug courts (JDC) are intensive treatment programs established within and supervised by juvenile courts to provide specialized services for eligible drug-involved youth.

Question 29

In school-based probation, the juvenile probation officer is located directly in a school rather than in the traditional courthouse environment.

Question 30

In the past two decades, the number of girls entering the juvenile justice system has risen at a rate much higher than that for boys.

Question 31

In the juvenile justice system,______serves as an alternative sentence for youths whose crimes are not severe enough to warrant confinement and yet are too serious to be placed on regular probation.

Question 32

______ is a Latin phrase used to describe the power of the state to act in place of the parents for the purpose of protecting the property and person of a child.

Question 33

______ is a child charged with an offense not classified as criminal, or with an offense applicable only to children

Question 34

______ is a term to label a new breed of antisocial, radically impulsive, and brutally cold- blooded youths who commit violent crimes and generally wreak havoc on communities.

Question 35

______ refers to correctional policies and programs geared to differences between men and women.

Question 36

______ refers to risk factors associated with the prediction of recidivism.

Question 37

______ is a series of services that prepare out-of-home placed juveniles for reentry into the community via collaborative arrangements with the community to ensure the delivery of prescribed services and supervision.

Question 38

______ is a judicial hearing wherein guilt or innocence is determined either by the child's admission or by trial by a court or jury.

Question 39

______ requires youths to remain at home during specific time periods and is often used in conjunction with electronic monitoring to enforce curfew.