Question 1

______ is a Latin phrase used to describe the power of the state to act in place of the parents for the purpose of protecting the property and person of a child.

Accepted Answer

"Parens Patriae" is a Latin phrase that refers to the state's power to act as a guardian for those who are unable to care for themselves, such as minors.

Question 2

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) of 1974 requires______.

Accepted Answer

The JJDPA of 1974 includes provisions for the deinstitutionalization of status offenders, the removal of juveniles from adult jails and lockups, and efforts to address and reduce minority confinement.

Question 3

The first Court Appointed Special Advocate Program (CASA) was established in______.

Accepted Answer

The first Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Program was established in Seattle, Washington, in 1977.

Question 4

A serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offender, is sometimes referred to as a______.

Accepted Answer

The term "superpredator" was used in the 1990s to describe a generation of violent youth offenders who were perceived as being beyond rehabilitation.

Question 5

The first juvenile court in the United States was established in______in 1899.

Accepted Answer

The first juvenile court in the United States was established in Chicago in 1899.

Question 6

In________, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that pretrial preventive detention of juveniles under New York's Family Court Act did not violate the "fundamental fairness" requirement of the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause.

Accepted Answer

Schall v. Martin is a case that dealt with the preventive detention of juveniles, allowing for the detention of a juvenile if they are deemed a risk to society before their trial.

Question 7

In______, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that before a minor is transferred to adult court the child is entitled to an informal hearing where the trial court must articulate the reasons for the transfer so that the child can have an adequate record for appellate review.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court in Kent v. United States (1966) ruled that a minor is entitled to an informal hearing before being transferred to adult court, and the trial court must provide reasons for the transfer to ensure an adequate record for appellate review.

Question 8

The most common provision for transferring a juvenile case to criminal court is______.

Accepted Answer

Judicial waiver is the most common method where a juvenile court judge has the authority to transfer a case to criminal court after a hearing.

Question 9

Which of the following U.S. Supreme Court cases did NOT relate to the constitutionality of the juvenile death penalty.

Accepted Answer

Jenkins v. Boyd is not a U.S. Supreme Court case related to the juvenile death penalty, whereas the other cases listed are directly related to this issue.

Question 10

Research studies using meta-analysis techniques have found that______.

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis studies have shown that rehabilitative treatments in community settings, individual counseling, training in interpersonal skills, behavioral programs, and multiple services for juvenile offenders all contribute to reducing recidivism.

Question 11

____________ % of all delinquency cases are placed on probation.

Accepted Answer

67% of all delinquency cases are placed on probation, indicating that it is a common outcome for such cases.

Question 12

The first Court Appointed Special Advocate Program (CASA) was established in 1977 by David Soukup, a juvenile court judge in Seattle, Washington.

Accepted Answer

The first CASA program was indeed established in 1977 by Judge David Soukup in Seattle to provide volunteer advocates for abused and neglected children in court.

Question 13

Research has consistently shown that well-structured community-based programs for juveniles can reduce recidivism more effectively than traditional correctional programs and at less cost.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that community-based programs often address the underlying causes of juvenile delinquency, such as family issues, education, and social skills, leading to better outcomes and lower costs compared to traditional correctional programs.

Question 14

A study conducted by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) of the Utah juvenile justice system showed that community-based corrections saved the state money.

Accepted Answer

The NCCD study found that community-based corrections were more cost-effective than traditional incarceration, leading to savings for the state.

Question 15

Dr. Mark Lipsey's meta-analysis of 443 studies of juvenile programs found that rehabilitative treatments in community settings reduced recidivism more effectively than treatments in custodial institutions.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Mark Lipsey's meta-analysis concluded that community-based rehabilitative treatments are generally more effective in reducing recidivism among juveniles compared to those conducted in custodial settings.

Question 16

Between 1987 and 1993 juvenile crime increases centered on the arrest rate for murder, which increased by 110 percent.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true as historical data indicates that during this period, there was a significant increase in juvenile crime, particularly in the arrest rate for murder, which rose by 110 percent.

Question 17

By law, private agencies are not allowed to operate juvenile detention centers.

Accepted Answer

Private agencies can operate juvenile detention centers, but they must comply with state and federal regulations.

Question 18

In McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that hearing a case in both juvenile and criminal court constitutes double jeopardy.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court in McKeiver v. Pennsylvania ruled that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial, not about double jeopardy.

Question 19

Judicial waiver laws permit juvenile court judges to remove certain youth from juvenile court jurisdiction to be tried as adults in criminal court.

Accepted Answer

Judicial waiver laws allow juvenile court judges to transfer cases to adult criminal court if they believe the juvenile should be tried as an adult, based on factors like the severity of the offense and the juvenile's age.

Question 20

In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that executing juveniles who were under the age of 18 at the time of their crime constituted cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendments.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court in Roper v. Simmons (2005) ruled that it is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for crimes committed by individuals under 18, citing the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.

Quiz 12: Community-Based Corrections for Juveniles: Giving Kids the Chance They Need