Deck 6: Motivating Self and Others

Question 1

Expectancy theories suggest that if people believe that they possess the skills and abilities needed, their _________ will result in good performance.

A) Hard work
B) Sincerity
C) Expectations
D) Talent

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The two-factor motivation-hygiene theory was proposed by:

A) Maslow
B) Herzberg
C) Aldefer
D) Juran

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Theory Y assumptions require __________ to accept responsibility for arranging organizational conditions and methods of operation so that people can achieve their own goals best by directing their own efforts towards organizational objectives

A) Management
B) Manager
C) Staff
D) Worker

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Aldefer suggested that Maslow's hierarchy may be collapsed from five levels to three types of needs:

A) Existence, relatedness, and dynamism
B) Existence, relatedness, and growth
C) Dynamism, relatedness, and growth
D) Existence, creation, and dynamism

Question 5

McClelland found that those with high achievement needs perform better when they are working on ______________ tasks, want feedback on how well they are doing, and take personal responsibility for their ___________.

A) Moderately difficult; performance
B) Extremely difficult; motivation
C) Easy; motivation
D) Easy; performance

Question 6

According to the equity theory, motivation is a consequence of:

A) Perceived equity
B) Perceived equitable relief
C) Perceived inequity
D) None of the above

Question 7

Projection is a mental process in which we:

A) Attribute or assign our own feelings, motives, or qualities to other people
B) Chart the feelings, motives, or qualities of other people
C) Ignore the feelings, motives, or qualities of other people
D) Influence the feelings, motives or qualities of other people

Question 8

The "equity norm" suggests that those who contribute more to an organization should receive:

A) More rewards than their colleagues
B) Less rewards than their colleagues
C) Same rewards as their colleagues
D) Equitable relief

Question 9

Equity theories present a model of motivation based on the notion of:

A) Organizational structure
B) Social exchange
C) Political relationships and ambiguity
D) Equitable relief

Question 10

Porter and Lawler refined Vroom's model to suggest that, although employee effort is determined by both the value placed on certain outcomes and the degree to which people believe that their efforts will lead to these rewards, effort does not always lead to task accomplishment. They suggested that two other factors need to be considered:

A) Employee opportunity and employee growth
B) Organizational ability and structural role
C) Employee ability and role clarity
D) Employee ability and organizational clarity

Question 11

Mowday suggested that equity theories can also be applied to _________ exchange relationships in organizations.

A) Social
B) Political
C) Economical
D) Cultural

Question 12

Which of the following is not as assumption of Theory X?

A) People are resistant to change
B) Workers lack ambition
C) Workers are basically gullible and not bright
D) Workers are creative

Question 13

"Self-Actualization" is the _________ category in the Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

A) Lowest
B) Third
C) Fifth
D) Highest

Question 14

According to Vroom, there are three concepts important to understanding human motivation:

A) Balance, expectations and drive
B) Valence, expectancy and force
C) Tolerance, opportunity and growth
D) Temptation, control and pressure

Question 15

Which of the following is not an assumption of Theory Y?

A) People are not passive by nature and are capable of self control and self-direction
B) Work is natural and pleasurable
C) Workers are not resistant to change
D) Workers are resistant to change

Question 16

Maslow's hierarchy of needs was based primarily on his observations in a(n) _______ setting.

A) Organizational
B) Managerial
C) Clinical
D) Physiological

Question 17

McGregor's suggested strategies that can be considered consistent with Theory Y assumptions are:

A) Delegation, job enlargement, and participative management
B) Delegation, job creation and leadership
C) Job creation, leadership and change management
D) Job enlargement, change management and delegation

Question 18

Motivation is not:

A) Directly observable
B) Always conscious
C) Directly controllable
D) All of the above

Question 19

Much of the theoretical base of the field of organizational behavior assumes that behavior is:

A) Classifiable in categories
B) Manipulated if the causes are understood clearly
C) Purposeful or goal directed
D) Dependent on motivational levels

Question 20

People with high self-efficacy tend to:

A) Set reasonable goals and exceed expectations
B) Set high personal goals and to perform well
C) Set achievable goals and share their accomplishments
D) Set high goals and consistently do not achieve them

Question 21

True or False. Picoeconomics, is a theory that emphasizes the idea that when people make decisions, they tend to overestimate the value of benefits that will occur in the future.

Question 22

True or False. Public service motivation and goal theories of motivation may be considered interrelated

Question 23

True or False. Participation influences motivation because it reduces the amount of information that people have on the expected outcomes of performance

Question 24

True or False. TMT is short for "temporal motivation theory" and relates the expectancy of a person that a particular action will be rewarded, and the amount of the payout that will be received, with how long that person is willing to wait to receive the expected payout.

Question 25

True or False. Baby boomers grew up in the post-WWII era, with general prosperity. They represent the largest generational group in the workplace and tend to embrace change and personal growth and to question rules.

Question 26

True or False. Likert argued that an overall philosophy of management that emphasizes a participative approach is positively related to employee motivation and performance.

Question 27

Discuss Marcum's arguments on the flaws in motivational theories.

Question 28

Compare Theory X and Theory Y and how they affect the modern workforce from Gen-X and Gen-Y.

Question 29

Classify the various theories on motivation and provide reasoning for the classification.

Question 30

True or False. Public service motivation may be understood as an individual's predisposition to respond to motives grounded primarily or uniquely in public institutions and organizations

Question 31

True or False. Goal setting and expectancy theories are compatible approaches to increasing motivation.

Question 32

Maslow's needs-hierarchy is still relevant in the 21ˢᵗ century. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Be sure to illustrate your discussion with relevant examples.

Question 33

Explain TMT and how it relates to the concepts in Maslow's needs-hierarchy.

Question 34

True or False. Job satisfaction and overall motivation for employees are only influenced by factors directly related to the work.

Question 35

True or False. Millennials (or generation "Ý") are "the most educated, well-traveled, and technologically sophisticated generation." This is a generation that "works to live rather than lives to work"