Deck 11: Corrections: History, Institutions, and Populations

Question 1

The primary purpose of a maximum-security prison is:

A)rehabilitation.
B)security.
C)deterrence.
D)silence.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements is false regarding the population of jail inmates according to the text?

A)The number of juveniles in adult facilities has been dramatically increasing in the past decade.
B)Less than 10 percent of jail inmates are female.
C)Men and the poor are over-represented among jail inmates.
D)Racial and ethnic minorities are over-represented among jail inmates.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements best describes correctional technology?

A)Escape from jail can be prevented through the monitoring of an inmates' heartbeat.
B)Ground penetrating radar can locate tunnels inmates use to escape.
C)An all-in-one detection spray can be used to detect someone who possesses marijuana, methamphetamines, heroin, or cocaine.
D)All of these are true regarding correction technology.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is false regarding new-generation jails?

A)Unobserved inmates are essentially unsupervised.
B)Continuous observation of residents is permitted.
C)Direct supervision jails involve a cluster of cells surrounding a living area.
D)Indirect supervision jails are a type of new-generation jail.

Question 5

Where were the English forced to house large numbers of prisoners in the late eighteenth century?

A)In teh ancient Le Stinche prison
B)In the basement of Westminster Abbey
C)In abandoned coal and copper mines
D)On prison hulks and barges

Question 6

What was the key to discipline in the Auburn system?

A)Flogging
B)Branding
C)Prayer
D)Silence

Question 7

Which of the following is not a right guaranteed to inmates by the courts?

A)Freedom of religion
B)Procedural due process
C)Medical care
D)Education

Question 8

The "modern" American correctional system had its origin in what state?

A)New York
B)Pennsylvania
C)New Jersey
D)Massachusetts

Question 9

Joliet and the "The Rock" were examples of what type of prison?

A)Maximum security
B)Medium security
C)Minimum security
D)A prison farm

Question 10

Approximately ____ of all jail inmates report having a mental health problem.

A)1/3
B)1/2
C)2/3
D)3/4

Question 11

Prison farms and camps are found primarily in what section of the country?

A)Northeast
B)East coast
C)Northern tier of states
D)South and the West

Question 12

When did the concept of incarcerating convicted offenders as a form of punishment become the norm for corrections?

A)During biblical times
B)14th century
C)17th century
D)19th century

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the five primary purposes for jails?

A)Detain accused offenders awaiting trial
B)Hold probationers and parolees who are awaiting a revocation hearing
C)House convicted felons when state prisons are overcrowded
D)Hold mental patients when asylums are overcrowded

Question 14

What group formed the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons?

A)Buddhists
B)Catholics
C)Quakers
D)Mormons

Question 15

What is the name for the system that allowed prison officials to sell the labor of inmates to private businesses?

A)Property in service system
B)Guardian system
C)Contract system
D)Convict-lease system

Question 16

Which prison system was known as the congregate system?

A)New Jersey system
B)Auburn system
C)Pennsylvania system
D)Newbern system

Question 17

The Pennsylvania system inspired the creation of similar prisons in:

A)Massachusetts
B)Virginia
C)New Jersey
D)Indiana

Question 18

Males comprise ____ percent of the jail population.

A)60
B)70
C)80
D)90

Question 19

Which of the following is not advocated by prisoner reformers in the twentieth century?

A)Isolation of prisoners
B)Creation of prison industries
C)Educational programs
D)Inclusion of religion

Question 20

What type of jail has the correctional officer's station located inside a secure room?

A)Linear jail
B)Indirect supervision jail
C)Direct supervision jail
D)Maximum security jail

Question 21

The U.S. Correctional Corporation opened its first private prison in what state?

A)New York
B)Kentucky
C)Virginia
D)Georgia

Question 22

Boot camps are a form of shock incarceration.

Question 23

Men are approximately ____ times more likely than women to be incarcerated in prison at least once during their lifetime.

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Question 24

Which of the following is not a common criticism of private prisons?

A)They cost more than state run facilities.
B)They take jobs away from state employees.
C)Private companies will cut corners if left unchecked.
D)It is difficult to determine accountability for problems and mishaps.

Question 25

Which of the following is a factor that helps contribute to swelling prison populations?

A)Failure of community release programs
B)Mandatory sentencing laws
C)Conviction rates
D)All of these

Question 26

Which of the following is true regarding future prison trends?

A)Fewer people are receiving a prison sentence than five years ago.
B)A significantly greater number of people are receiving prison sentences than a decade ago.
C)Policymakers are shifting to a rehabilitation perspective.
D)All states spend more on prisons than higher education.

Question 27

Shock incarceration is generally designed with what target population in mind?

A)Violent offenders
B)Elderly offenders
C)Drug offenders
D)Youthful, first-time offenders

Question 28

Inmates in prison forest camps fight forest fires and complete reforestation work.

Question 29

The number of adult females in jail has been growing at a much faster rate than males.

Question 30

The "modern" American correctional system has its origins in New York.

Question 31

The Quakers pressured the state legislature to improve conditions in the prisons in Pennsylvania.

Question 32

Supporters of the Pennsylvania system believed that the penitentiary was truly a place to experience penitence.

Question 33

Approximately ____ percent of the population will serve a prison sentence some time during their lives.

A)1
B)5
C)10
D)15

Question 34

Truth in sentencing laws require that an inmate serve what percentage of his/her sentence?

A)55
B)75
C)85
D)100

Question 35

Approximately ____ percent of the male African American population will be admitted to prison during their lifetime.

A)8
B)18
C)28
D)38

Question 36

The Auburn Prison design became known as the tier system.

Question 37

Rehabilitation has come to replace incapacitation as the guiding philosophy in modern prisons.

Question 38

Alcatraz was classified as a super-maximum-security prison.

Question 39

Shock incarceration programs generally last how long?

A)1 to 2 days
B)1 to 3 weeks
C)90 to 180 days
D)6 to 12 months

Question 40

The rehabilitation movement of the 1960s was guided by the medical model.

Question 41

____________________ prisons are the most stringent type of facilities that lock down inmates 23 hours a day.

Question 42

The ____________________ was the judicial policy of not interfering in the administrative affairs of prisons.

Question 43

Elaborate on the history and origins of corrections in the U.S. Include a discussion of the Pennsylvania and Auburn systems.

Question 44

The tier system was first introduced as part of the ____________________ system.

Question 45

Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of community correctional facilities. Have these programs been effective?

Question 46

A halfway house is an example of a(n) ____________________.

Question 47

Discuss the changes in design and treatment that go along with super-maximum-security prisons. Elaborate on the benefits and drawbacks of such a system.

Question 48

A(n) ____________________ houses mainly white-collar and other nonviolent offenders.

Question 49

Discuss the general conditions in a typical jail and the role of the new-generation jail in attempting to combat these problems.

Question 50

List the five primary purposes of the nation's jails. Who are the typical jail inmates?

Question 51

The penitentiary house was a central feature in the early ____________________ prison system.

Question 52

Discuss the pros and cons of private prisons.

Question 53

____________________ are facilities that hold both people that are guilty of a crime and those that are awaiting trial.

Question 54

Discuss the role of technology in improving prison security.

Question 55

Explain the influence of Quakers on the development of America's prisons.

Question 56

The U.S. Corrections Corporation opened the first ____________________ prison in 1986.

Question 57

Boot camps are an example of ____________________ incarceration.

Question 58

Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of two alternative correctional programs. Have these programs been effective?

Question 59

The Auburn system was also referred to as the ____________________ system since most prisoners ate and worked in groups.

Question 60

Discuss correctional trends that have occurred during the past fifty years.