Question 1

The primary purpose of a maximum-security prison is:

Accepted Answer

The primary purpose of a maximum-security prison is to maintain security and prevent the escape of dangerous criminals. Rehabilitation and deterrence may also be goals, but they take a backseat to the need for strong security measures. Silence may also be important to maintain order, but it is not the primary purpose of the prison.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is false regarding the population of jail inmates according to the text?

Accepted Answer

The text does not mention that the number of juveniles in adult facilities has been dramatically increasing in the past decade. It only mentions that the number of juveniles in adult facilities is a concern, but does not provide a trend. The other options are true: less than 10 percent of jail inmates are female, men and the poor are over-represented among jail inmates, and racial and ethnic minorities are over-represented among jail inmates.

Question 3

Which of the following statements best describes correctional technology?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements (A, B, and C) are true regarding correctional technology. Advances in technology have allowed for more effective monitoring, detection, and prevention of escape attempts and contraband possession in correctional facilities.

Question 4

Which of the following is false regarding new-generation jails?

Accepted Answer

New-generation jails are designed to provide more direct supervision of inmates. Therefore, unobserved inmates are not considered unsupervised in these facilities. Instead, they are continuously monitored through various means, such as video surveillance or regular check-ins by staff members. Choices B, C, and D are all true regarding new-generation jails.

Question 5

Where were the English forced to house large numbers of prisoners in the late eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

In the late eighteenth century, the English were forced to house large numbers of prisoners on prison hulks and barges. These were decommissioned ships that were converted into floating prisons and anchored in harbors or on rivers. The conditions on these prison ships were often cramped and squalid, with poor sanitation and little access to fresh air or exercise. This was a result of overcrowding in traditional prisons and a shortage of adequate facilities to house the increasing number of prisoners.

Question 6

What was the key to discipline in the Auburn system?

Accepted Answer

The Auburn system used a "silent system" in which prisoners were not allowed to talk to each other and were required to maintain absolute silence unless authorized to speak. This helped to instill discipline and obedience in the prisoners.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a right guaranteed to inmates by the courts?

Accepted Answer

Education is not explicitly guaranteed as a right for inmates by the courts, although some prisons do provide educational programs voluntarily. The other options (A, B, and C) are all recognized as constitutional rights that inmates are entitled to.

Question 8

The "modern" American correctional system had its origin in what state?

Accepted Answer

The "modern" American correctional system, which emphasizes rehabilitation and individual treatment, had its origin in Pennsylvania with the opening of the Eastern State Penitentiary in 1829.

Question 9

Joliet and the "The Rock" were examples of what type of prison?

Accepted Answer

Joliet and "The Rock" were both maximum security prisons, designed to hold high-risk inmates and those convicted of serious crimes.

Question 10

Approximately ____ of all jail inmates report having a mental health problem.

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, a report of mental health problems among jail inmates was nearly 2/3 or 64%.

Question 11

Prison farms and camps are found primarily in what section of the country?

Accepted Answer

Prison farms and camps are primarily found in the South and the West. These regions have a history of using prison labor for agricultural work and other manual labor tasks. The Northeast and Northern tier of states have fewer farms and less available land for this type of program, while the East Coast has a higher population density and fewer rural areas suitable for prison farms and camps.

Question 12

When did the concept of incarcerating convicted offenders as a form of punishment become the norm for corrections?

Accepted Answer

The concept of incarcerating convicted offenders as a primary form of punishment became more standardized and widespread in the 19th century with the development of the modern prison system.

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the five primary purposes for jails?

Accepted Answer

Jails are not meant to hold mental patients when asylums are overcrowded. The primary purposes of jails are to detain accused offenders awaiting trial, hold probationers and parolees who are awaiting a revocation hearing, and house convicted felons when state prisons are overcrowded.

Question 14

What group formed the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons?

Accepted Answer

The Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons was formed by a group of Quakers in 1787.

Question 15

What is the name for the system that allowed prison officials to sell the labor of inmates to private businesses?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name for the system...

Question 16

Which prison system was known as the congregate system?

Accepted Answer

The Auburn system, also known as the congregate system, was a set of penal practices that included enforced silence and congregate labor during the day, with prisoners isolated in individual cells at night.

Question 17

The Pennsylvania system inspired the creation of similar prisons in:

Accepted Answer

The Pennsylvania system, known for its solitary confinement model, influenced the establishment of similar prisons in New Jersey.

Question 18

Males comprise ____ percent of the jail population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Males comprise ____ percent of the jail...

Question 19

Which of the following is not advocated by prisoner reformers in the twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

Isolation of prisoners is not advocated by prisoner reformers in the twentieth century. In fact, many reformers argue that isolation can lead to further psychological harm and increase the likelihood of recidivism. Instead, they advocate for programs like prison industries, educational opportunities, and religious activities to promote rehabilitation and reduce repeat offenses.

Question 20

What type of jail has the correctional officer's station located inside a secure room?

Accepted Answer

A direct supervision jail is one in which the correctional officer's station is located inside a secure room within the inmate housing area, allowing for constant observation and interaction with inmates. This differs from an indirect supervision jail, where the officer's station is located outside of the housing area, and a linear jail, which features long corridors of cells without any centralized officer's station. A maximum security jail may or may not have a direct supervision model, as it refers more to the level of security measures in place rather than the housing layout. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Quiz 11: Corrections: History, Institutions, and Populations