Deck 32: Antidiabetic Drugs

Question 1

A 75-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus has recently been placed on glyburide (DiaBeta),10 mg daily.When is the best time to take this medication?

A)This medication should be taken at night.
B)This medication should be taken in the morning.
C)This medication should be taken after the midday meal.
D)The time of day does not matter with this medication's administration.

Answer 1

This medication should be taken in the morning.

Question 2

Which of the following is a true statement about Humulin-N insulin?

A)It is a long-acting insulin.
B)It is a rapid-acting insulin.
C)It is an intermediate-acting insulin.
D)It is given based on blood glucose levels measured before meals.

Answer 2

It is an intermediate-acting insulin.

Question 3

A patient who has type 2 diabetes mellitus is scheduled for a laparoscopy and has been NPO since midnight.She is concerned about her medications being held.What is the nurse's best action regarding the administration of her oral antidiabetic drug?

A)Give her half the original dose.
B)Hold all medications as ordered.
C)Contact the physician for further orders.
D)Give her the medication with a sip of water.

Answer 3

Contact the physician for further orders.

Question 4

What early signs of hypoglycemia should the nurse should tell the patient about?

A)Urticaria and rash
B)Nausea and diarrhea
C)Irritability and confusion
D)Fruity,acetone odour to the breath

Question 5

Which of the following is a true statement regarding diazoxide,a glucose-elevating drug?

A)It is also naturally synthesized by the pancreas.
B)It is used for the treatment of hypotensive emergencies.
C)It inhibits the release of insulin from the pancreas.
D)It stimulates insulin release from the pancreas.

Question 6

Six months after starting treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus,a patient has a follow-up examination.Which laboratory test will best reflect the patient's adherence to the antidiabetic therapy over the past few months?

A)Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels
B)Hemoglobin A₁c level
C)Fingerstick fasting blood glucose
D)Serum insulin levels

Question 7

A patient has just been prescribed insulin.What important information should the nurse tell this patient about taking insulin?

A)Use the injection site that is the most accessible.
B)During times of illness,increase insulin dosage by 25%.
C)When mixing insulins, the cloudy insulin (such as neutral protamine Hagedorn [NPH] insulin) should be drawn up into the syringe first.
D)When mixing insulins,the clear insulin (such as regular insulin)should be drawn up into the syringe first.

Question 8

A 48-year-old male patient is diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and is started on biguanide metformin (Glucophage).He asks the nurse why he needs this drug.What is the nurse's best explanation for the purpose of the metformin?

A)To increase the pancreatic secretion of insulin
B)To decrease insulin resistance
C)To increase blood glucose levels
D)To decrease the pancreatic secretion of insulin

Question 9

MATCHING
For each insulin product listed below,identify the type of action by using the following designations.

Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH)insulin

A)Rapid-acting: RA
B)Short-acting: SA
C)Intermediate-acting: IA
D)Long-acting: LA

Question 10

MATCHING
For each insulin product listed below,identify the type of action by using the following designations.

Aspart insulin

A)Rapid-acting: RA
B)Short-acting: SA
C)Intermediate-acting: IA
D)Long-acting: LA

Question 11

MATCHING
For each insulin product listed below,identify the type of action by using the following designations.

Regular insulin

A)Rapid-acting: RA
B)Short-acting: SA
C)Intermediate-acting: IA
D)Long-acting: LA

Question 12

The nurse is teaching a patient about self-injection of insulin.Which of the following is a true statement regarding injection sites?

A)Avoid the abdomen because absorption is irregular.
B)Choose a different site at random for each injection.
C)Give the injection in the same area each time to promote consistent absorption.
D)Rotate sites within the same location for about 1 week before rotating to a new location.

Question 13

A patient has been prescribed a rapid-acting insulin,such as insulin lispro.What important information should the nurse tell this patient about this type of insulin?

A)It should be taken within 15 minutes of beginning a meal.
B)It should be taken after the meal is completed.
C)Dosing is once daily at the midday meal.
D)It is taken only in the evenings with a snack before bedtime.

Question 14

Which of the following types of insulin can be administered intravenously?

A)Regular insulin
B)Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH)insulin
C)insulin glargine (Lantus)
D)insulin detemir (Levemir)

Question 15

MATCHING
For each insulin product listed below,identify the type of action by using the following designations.

Glargine insulin

A)Rapid-acting: RA
B)Short-acting: SA
C)Intermediate-acting: IA
D)Long-acting: LA

Question 16

A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)and type 2 diabetes has been treated for pneumonia for the past week.He has been receiving corticosteroids intravenously and antibiotics as part of his therapy.His pneumonia has resolved,but when the nurse monitors his blood glucose levels,his blood glucose is still elevated and he requires small amounts of sliding scale insulin coverage.What is the best explanation for this elevation?

A)The antibiotics may have caused an increase in glucose levels.
B)The corticosteroids may have caused an increase in glucose levels.
C)His type 2 diabetes has converted to type 1 diabetes.
D)The hypoxia from the COPD has caused an increased need for insulin.

Question 17

When administering morning medications for a newly admitted patient,the nurse notes that the patient has an allergy to sulfa drugs.The patient has an order for sulfonylurea gliclazide (Diamicron).What is the best action for the nurse to take?

A)Give the drug as ordered 30 minutes before breakfast.
B)Hold the drug and check the order with the physician.
C)Give the drug and monitor for adverse effects.
D)Give a reduced dose of the drug with breakfast.

Question 18

When should the nurse administer acarbose (Glucobay),an a-glucosidase inhibitor?

A)30 minutes before breakfast
B)With the first bite of each main meal
C)30 minutes after breakfast
D)Once daily at bedtime

Question 19

A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus gives herself insulin injections as part of the therapy.What should the nurse teach this patient to do if she has hypoglycemia?

A)Call her physician.
B)Administer regular insulin.
C)Take an oral form of glucose.
D)Rest until the symptoms pass.