Deck 1: Perspectives on Criminal Justice

Question 1

The jurisdiction of courts where most trials for felonies occur as well as trials in major civil cases is called __________.

A)crime control model
B)due process model
C)limited jurisdiction
D)general jurisdiction

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Less serious crimes that are punishable by imprisonment for one year or less are called __________.

A)victimless crimes
B)felonies
C)misdemeanors
D)scapegoating

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The term ___________ refers to offenses in which the 'offender' and the 'victim' are the same individual or in which the behavior is consensual.

A)victimless crimes
B)felonies
C)misdemeanors
D)scapegoating

Answer 3

A

Question 4

__________ are public perceptions of crime and its victims that are based largely on media images,which focus on atypical sensational incidents.

A)Media portrayals
B)Gallup poll on crime
C)Universality of crime
D)Decriminalization

Question 5

The term ___________ refers to a code that categorizes all crimes and punishments by type.

A)local jails
B)probation
C)policing
D)criminal law

Question 6

The enforcement of laws by the police,the courts,and correctional institutions comprise the:

A)due process model
B)criminal justice system
C)crime control model
D)consensus model

Question 7

Serious crimes that are punishable by incarceration for more than one year are called __________.

A)victimless crimes
B)felonies
C)misdemeanors
D)scapegoating

Question 8

The __________ is the perspective that views the repression of criminal conduct as the most important function to be performed by the criminal justice system,through speed,efficiency,and finality in criminal justice processing.

A)crime control model
B)due process model
C)limited jurisdiction
D)general jurisdiction

Question 9

The __________ is the perspective that considers preservation of individual liberties to be the most important function of the criminal justice system,through accuracy,fairness,and reliability in criminal procedure.

A)crime control model
B)due process model
C)limited jurisdiction
D)general jurisdiction

Question 10

The __________ is a survey of a representative sample of the American public which found that crime surpassed education and economic issues as the model pressing local problem.

A)media portrayals
B)Gallup poll on crime
C)universality of crime
D)decriminalization

Question 11

The term __________ refers to the idea that there is no society that has not reported problems with crime and with what to do with offenders,but there is considerable variation among crime rates in different societies.

A)media portrayals
B)Gallup poll on crime
C)universality of crime
D)decriminalization

Question 12

The jurisdiction of courts that have narrow legal authority over specific types of matters (e.g.surrogate court,tax court)is called __________.

A)crime control model
B)due process model
C)limited jurisdiction
D)general jurisdiction

Question 13

The term __________ refers to the use of accuracy,fairness,and reliability in criminal procedure to protect individual rights.

A)criminal justice
B)due process
C)criminalization
D)vigilantism

Question 14

The term ___________ refers to unfairly blaming and punishing a person or group for crimes.

A)victimless crimes
B)felonies
C)misdemeanors
D)scapegoating

Question 15

The term __________ refers to the management of police,courts,and corrections,and the study of the causes of and treatment for crime.

A)criminal justice
B)due process
C)criminalization
D)vigilantism

Question 16

Enforcing the law by apprehending violators and thereby protecting citizens is called __________.It also includes crime prevention and social services such as education of the public.

A)local jails
B)probation
C)policing
D)criminal law

Question 17

Facilities used to detain adults awaiting trial and offenders serving sentences of one year or less is/are called __________.

A)local jails
B)probation
C)policing
D)criminal law

Question 18

The term __________ refers to a system under which a person convicted of a crime serves a sentence in the community under the supervision of a probation officer.

A)local jails
B)probation
C)policing
D)criminal law

Question 19

Seeking justice through lawless violence is called __________.

A)criminal justice
B)due process
C)criminalization
D)vigilantism

Question 20

The legislative decision to make a behavior a crime is called __________.

A)criminal justice
B)due process
C)criminalization
D)vigilantism

Question 21

The term 'criminal justice' refers to the management of police,courts,and corrections,and the study of the causes of and treatment for crime.

Question 22

'Felonies' are less serious crimes that are punishable by imprisonment for one year or less.

Question 23

The 'due process model' is the perspective that views the repression of criminal conduct as the most important function to be performed by the criminal justice system,through speed,efficiency,and finality in criminal justice processing.

Question 24

The 'crime control model' is the perspective that considers preservation of individual liberties to be the most important function of the criminal justice system,through accuracy,fairness,and reliability in criminal procedure.

Question 25

The term 'decriminalization' refers to the legislative decision to change a crime into a noncriminal act.

Question 26

'Probation' is a system under which a person convicted of a crime serves a sentence in the community under the supervision of a probation officer.

Question 27

The legislative decision to change a crime into a noncriminal act is called _________.

A)media portrayals
B)Gallup poll on crime
C)universality of crime
D)decriminalization

Question 28

Much of what we know about crime is shaped by atypical sensational incidents,because our perceptions of crime and its victims are based largely on __________.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT generally considered to be a fundamental goal of the criminal justice process?

A)Fairness
B)Crime control
C)Accuracy
D)All of the above are fundamental goals of the criminal justice process.

Question 30

'Criminologists' are those who study the causes of crime and the treatment of offenders.

Question 31

The term 'scapegoating' refers to seeding justice through lawless violence.

Question 32

Seeking justice through lawless violence is called __________.

Question 33

The term 'appellate jurisdiction' refers to the jurisdiction of courts that review specific legal issues raised in trial courts.

Question 34

The jurisdiction of courts where most trials for felonies occur as well as trials in major civil cases is called 'limited jurisdiction'.

Question 35

The jurisdiction of courts that have narrow legal authority over specific types of matters (e.g.surrogate court,tax court)is called 'general jurisdiction'.

Question 36

The term 'vigilantism' refers to unfairly blaming and punishing a person or group for crimes.

Question 37

'Local jails' are facilities used to detain adults awaiting trial and offenders serving sentences of one year or less.

Question 38

'Crimes' are forms of conduct that society prohibits in order to maintain order.

Question 39

'Misdemeanors' are serious crimes that are punishable by incarceration for more than one year.

Question 40

__________ are those who study the causes of crime and the treatment of offenders.

Question 41

As a society becomes larger and more complex,more rules are required to ensure that citizens do not exploit one another?

Question 42

Many offenders are placed on ___________,which involves serving a sentence in the community under the supervision of a probation officer.

Question 43

If health problems and accidents are far more common causes of death than criminal homicide,why do you think that public concern about crime has risen dramatically since the 1960s?

Question 44

Courts of __________ usually are referred to as trial courts.These are the courts in which felonies and civil cases go to trial.These courts across the country may be called county courts,circuit courts,and even supreme courts in some jurisdictions.

Question 45

High levels of fear can turn otherwise law-abiding citizens into outlaws? How so and why?

Question 46

According to the __________,repression of criminal conduct is the most important function of the criminal justice system.To accomplish this,the system must achieve maximum speed,efficiency,and finality in criminal justice processing.Proponents of this model argue that deterrence of crime is achieved when the penalty is imposed quickly and with certainty.

Question 47

The __________ treats the preservation of individual liberties as the most important function of the criminal justice system.Therefore,according to this view,accuracy,fairness,and reliability in criminal procedure are keys to a properly functioning system.Proponents of this model believe that careful attention to the rights of individuals-when individuals are prosecuted by a much more powerful government-is essential to ensure that only the guilty are convicted and that the public has a high level of confidence in the system.

Question 48

Your textbook authors states that fear of death due to homicide is related to the lack of control and individual has over homicide compared with other causes of death.Why do you think this is? Please explain.

Question 49

Courts of _________ have narrow legal authority and may arbitrate only in certain types of disputes;these include family courts,municipal courts,and special courts such as tax courts.

Question 50

___________ is a legal protection included in the U.S.Constitution that guarantees all citizens the right to be adjudicated under the law.

Question 51

Match the law named after crime victims listed in Column 1 to its description in Column 2.

Question 52

Do you think that there are any other consequences of high levels of fear of crime that were not discussed in this chapter?

Question 53

A code that categorizes all crimes and punishments by type is called __________.