Question 1

The jurisdiction of courts where most trials for felonies occur as well as trials in major civil cases is called __________.

Accepted Answer

General jurisdiction courts have the authority to hear a wide range of criminal and civil cases, including most trials for felonies and major civil cases. Limited jurisdiction courts, on the other hand, have restricted authority and only hear certain types of cases, such as traffic violations or small claims. The crime control model and due process model refer to different approaches to criminal justice, and are not directly related to court jurisdiction.

Question 2

Less serious crimes that are punishable by imprisonment for one year or less are called __________.

Accepted Answer

Misdemeanors are less serious crimes that carry a punishment of up to one year in jail. Victimless crimes refer to acts that do not have a direct victim, such as gambling or drug possession. Felonies are more serious crimes that carry a punishment of more than one year in prison. Scapegoating refers to blaming an individual or group for something they did not do in order to deflect blame from the actual perpetrator.

Question 3

The term ___________ refers to offenses in which the 'offender' and the 'victim' are the same individual or in which the behavior is consensual.

Accepted Answer

Victimless crimes refer to offenses that involve consensual behavior or where the offender and the victim are the same person. Examples of victimless crimes include drug use, prostitution, and gambling.

Question 4

__________ are public perceptions of crime and its victims that are based largely on media images,which focus on atypical sensational incidents.

Accepted Answer

Media portrayals shape the public's perception of crime, feeding off sensational incidents and presenting them as typical occurrences. This can lead to distorted views of crime and its victims. Gallup poll on crime is a tool to measure public opinion about crime, but it does not directly create these perceptions. Universality of crime refers to the idea that crime is present in all societies, which is true but is not directly linked to media portrayals. Decriminalization refers to the process of reducing or eliminating criminal penalties for certain behaviors and does not relate to the topic of public perceptions of crime.

Question 5

The term ___________ refers to a code that categorizes all crimes and punishments by type.

Accepted Answer

Criminal law is the branch of law that determines what conduct constitutes a crime and sets the corresponding punishments. The criminal law system assigns codes to various crimes and penalties, categorizing them by type. These codes provide a standardized method of categorizing criminal offenses and their respective repercussions.

Question 6

The enforcement of laws by the police,the courts,and correctional institutions comprise the:

Accepted Answer

The criminal justice system is composed of the police, the courts, and correctional institutions, which work together to enforce laws and maintain order in society. The other options, including the due process model, crime control model, and consensus model, do not encompass all three of these components.

Question 7

Serious crimes that are punishable by incarceration for more than one year are called __________.

Accepted Answer

Felonies are serious crimes that are punishable by incarceration for more than one year. Victimless crimes are illegal actions that do not have a direct victim, misdemeanors are less serious crimes that are punishable by incarceration for up to one year, and scapegoating refers to blaming someone for something that they did not do.

Question 8

The __________ is the perspective that views the repression of criminal conduct as the most important function to be performed by the criminal justice system,through speed,efficiency,and finality in criminal justice processing.

Accepted Answer

The crime control model emphasizes swift and efficient processing of criminal cases, with a focus on repressing criminal behavior and maintaining public safety. This approach prioritizes the interests of society over protecting the rights of individual defendants.

Question 9

The __________ is the perspective that considers preservation of individual liberties to be the most important function of the criminal justice system,through accuracy,fairness,and reliability in criminal procedure.

Accepted Answer

The due process model considers preservation of individual liberties to be the most important function of the criminal justice system, through accuracy, fairness, and reliability in criminal procedure. The crime control model, on the other hand, prioritizes quick and efficient processing of criminal cases to maintain social order. Limited jurisdiction refers to courts with restricted authority, while general jurisdiction refers to courts with broad authority over various types of cases.

Question 10

The __________ is a survey of a representative sample of the American public which found that crime surpassed education and economic issues as the model pressing local problem.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking for a survey of a representative sample of the American public that found that crime was the most pressing local problem, and the Gallup poll on crime is a well-known survey that regularly measures public opinion on this topic. The other answer choices are not directly related to the question being asked.

Question 11

The term __________ refers to the idea that there is no society that has not reported problems with crime and with what to do with offenders,but there is considerable variation among crime rates in different societies.

Accepted Answer

The term "universality of crime" refers to the fact that crime exists in all societies, although the nature and extent of crime may vary. It is a concept commonly recognized in criminology and sociology. Choices A, B, and D are not related to the concept of the universality of crime.

Question 12

The jurisdiction of courts that have narrow legal authority over specific types of matters (e.g.surrogate court,tax court)is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Limited jurisdiction refers to the authority of courts that have narrow legal authority over specific types of matters. These courts have limited jurisdiction because they can only hear cases within their specific area of expertise or subject matter. This is in contrast to courts with general jurisdiction, which can hear a wide range of cases. The crime control model and due process model refer to different approaches to criminal justice, and are not directly related to the jurisdiction of courts.

Question 13

The term __________ refers to the use of accuracy,fairness,and reliability in criminal procedure to protect individual rights.

Accepted Answer

Due process refers to the use of accuracy, fairness, and reliability in criminal procedure to protect individual rights. It is a fundamental principle of the American legal system and guarantees that any individual accused of a crime is entitled to certain rights and protections. Criminal justice is the system that enforces the law and maintains social order. Criminalization refers to the process of making certain conduct illegal, while vigilantism refers to the act of taking the law into one's own hands and seeking justice outside of the legal system.

Question 14

The term ___________ refers to unfairly blaming and punishing a person or group for crimes.

Accepted Answer

Scapegoating refers to unfairly blaming and punishing a person or group for crimes committed by others. This often involves singling out a particular group or individual as a convenient target, rather than finding the true culprit. It can lead to discriminatory practices and injustices.

Question 15

The term __________ refers to the management of police,courts,and corrections,and the study of the causes of and treatment for crime.

Accepted Answer

The term "criminal justice" refers to the management of police, courts, and corrections, as well as the study of the causes of and treatment for crime. This includes the processes and institutions involved in upholding social control, deterring criminal behavior, and punishing those who violate laws and norms. Options B, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of this concept. Due process refers to the fair and impartial treatment of individuals within the criminal justice system, while criminalization refers to the process of making certain behaviors illegal. Vigilantism refers to the unauthorized and often violent enforcement of the law by non-governmental actors.

Question 16

Enforcing the law by apprehending violators and thereby protecting citizens is called __________.It also includes crime prevention and social services such as education of the public.

Accepted Answer

Policing involves the enforcement of laws, apprehension of violators, crime prevention, and social services such as education of the public. Local jails and probation are related to the administration of justice but do not encompass the full range of activities involved in policing. Criminal law is a broad term that encompasses all laws pertaining to crimes, including laws related to policing, but it is not a specific activity or function.

Question 17

Facilities used to detain adults awaiting trial and offenders serving sentences of one year or less is/are called __________.

Accepted Answer

Local jails are facilities used to detain adults awaiting trial and offenders serving sentences of one year or less. Probation is a type of sentence where an offender is released into the community under supervision instead of being incarcerated. Policing refers to the activities of law enforcement officers. Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime and criminal activities.

Question 18

The term __________ refers to a system under which a person convicted of a crime serves a sentence in the community under the supervision of a probation officer.

Accepted Answer

Probation is a system in which a person convicted of a crime serves a sentence in the community under the supervision of a probation officer. Local jails refer to facilities where individuals are held in custody after being arrested and before they are convicted or sentenced. Policing refers to the activities of law enforcement officers in preserving law and order, preventing and detecting crime, and enforcing regulations and statutes. Criminal law refers to the body of law that deals with crimes and the legal punishment of criminal offenses.

Question 19

Seeking justice through lawless violence is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Seeking justice through lawless violence is called vigilantism. Vigilantism is taking the law into one's own hands without legal authority, often motivated by a desire for revenge or justice. It is illegal and can lead to further harm and chaos in society, instead of achieving justice through the proper legal channels.

Question 20

The legislative decision to make a behavior a crime is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Criminalization is the legislative decision to make a behavior a crime. Criminal justice refers to the system of institutions and procedures designed to uphold the law and punish offenders. Due process refers to the fair and impartial application of the law, while vigilantism refers to taking the law into one's own hands outside of the legal system.

Quiz 1: Perspectives on Criminal Justice