Question 1

__________ have not been very useful in the study of juvenile delinquency.This is because most delinquent acts are victimless crimes

Accepted Answer

Victimization surveys have not been very useful in the study of juvenile delinquency primarily because many delinquent acts are considered victimless crimes, meaning there is no direct victim to report the crime. This makes it difficult for victimization surveys to capture the extent of juvenile delinquency accurately.

Question 2

A juvenile's __________ is similar to an adult's trial.

Accepted Answer

Adjudication is the juvenile equivalent of an adult trial. It refers to the formal process in which a judge determines whether a juvenile is responsible for the alleged offense. Custody and detention refer to the physical placement of the juvenile while awaiting adjudication or disposition. Disposition is the final stage of the juvenile justice process, similar to sentencing in adult court.

Question 3

A __________ is a short-term facility that screens sentenced juveniles for assignment to an appropriate level of custody.

Accepted Answer

A reception/diagnostic center is specifically designed to screen and evaluate juvenile offenders before assigning them to an appropriate level of custody. It is a short-term facility that typically operates under the authority of the state's juvenile justice system. Detention centers, shelters, and group homes are not designed for this purpose, and their functions are typically more long-term in nature.

Question 4

A constitutional provision that a person cannot be criminally prosecuted twice for the same offense is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

The term "double jeopardy" refers to the constitutional protection against being tried twice for the same crime. This means that once a defendant has been acquitted or convicted of a crime, they cannot be prosecuted again for the same crime, even if new evidence comes to light. The other answer choices are not commonly used phrases to describe this legal principle.

Question 5

The view that juvenile law violations are a sign that parents cannot or will not take care of their child adequately and that it is up to the state to step in and act in his or her best interests,thus preventing future misbehavior is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Parens patriae is the legal doctrine that grants the state the authority to act as a substitute parent when a child's parents are unable or unwilling to properly care for them. It allows the state to intervene in cases of neglect or abuse, and to rehabilitate or punish delinquent juveniles with the goal of preventing future criminal behavior.

Question 6

A __________ is a short-term secure facility that holds juveniles awaiting adjudication,disposition,or placement in an institution.

Accepted Answer

A detention center specifically holds juveniles who are awaiting court proceedings or placement in another facility. Shelters generally provide temporary housing for homeless youth, reception/diagnostic centers assess a youth's needs and determine appropriate treatment or placement, and group homes are long-term residential facilities for youth who need more structured care.

Question 7

The emphasis of the justice process was changed from deterrence and incapacitation to __________,in order to assist,rather than punish,the juvenile.

Accepted Answer

The key phrase in the question is "to assist, rather than punish, the juvenile." This indicates that the emphasis of the justice process should not be on punishment, but rather on a more rehabilitative approach. Choice B, rehabilitation, is the best fit for this description. Choice A, due process, is important to ensure fairness and protect the rights of the juvenile, but it doesn't directly address the goal of assisting the juvenile. Choice C, punishment, is explicitly ruled out in the question. Choice D, retribution, is a traditional approach to justice that emphasizes punishment for wrongdoing, so it is not in line with the shift in emphasis mentioned here.

Question 8

A _________ is a short-term non-secure facility that operates like a detention center but within a physically unrestricted environment.

Accepted Answer

A shelter is a short-term non-secure facility that provides basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing to individuals who cannot provide for themselves. Although it operates like a detention center, it does not restrict its residents' physical movements. Choice A, a detention center, is a secure facility that restricts the movements of residents who have been made to stay there. Choice C, a reception/diagnostic center, is a facility that assesses a resident's mental, physical, and emotional state to determine their needs, whereas Choice D, a group home, is a long-term non-secure facility that provides lodging to individuals who require supervision and assistance with their daily lives.

Question 9

A __________ is a long-term non-secure facility that allows juveniles to attend school and maintain employment in the community.

Accepted Answer

A group home is a long-term non-secure facility that provides juveniles with a stable living situation and allows them to attend school and maintain employment. Detention centers are short-term secure facilities where juveniles are held before adjudication, and reception/diagnostic centers are temporary facilities where juveniles are evaluated and screened upon admission to the juvenile justice system. Shelters provide temporary housing and services for youth who are experiencing homelessness or have been removed from their homes due to abuse or neglect.

Question 10

Secure facilities are characterized by __________ and the movement of juveniles within the institution is monitored closely.

Accepted Answer

Secure facilities typically have all three types of physical barriers - locks, bars, and fences - to prevent unauthorized access and ensure the safety of both staff and residents. Additionally, the movement of juveniles within the facility is closely monitored to maintain order and prevent incidents.

Question 11

__________ are an alternative way to measure the extent of delinquency.In these studies,a sample of juveniles are asked to indicate the types and numbers of crimes they have committed in the past (whether or not they were caught);the information is kept confidential.

Accepted Answer

Self-reports provide an alternative way to measure delinquency by directly asking juveniles about their involvement in criminal activities, without relying on official records or victim reports. This method allows for a broader range of offenses to be included, including those that may not have been reported to law enforcement. Juveniles may be more willing to disclose their delinquency in a confidential survey than to admit it to authorities.

Question 12

The Supreme Court's decision in the In re Winship case was not unanimous,however,because of differing views regarding the philosophy and purpose of the juvenile court.Justice Harlan,for example,hoped that the higher burden of proof would not impede the rehabilitative functions of the juvenile court.He hoped that procedural constraints in juvenile court hearings would not __________.

Accepted Answer

Justice Harlan's concerns encompassed all the options listed: he did not want the higher burden of proof to interfere with rehabilitation, increase stigmatization, or burden the courts with time-consuming or rigid procedures.

Question 13

__________ are undesirable behaviors that are unlawful only for juveniles,including habitual truancy,curfew violations,repeated running away,and ungovernability or incorrigibility in failing to respond to the reasonable requests of parents.

Accepted Answer

Status offenses are behaviors that are considered law violations only for minors, such as truancy or violating curfew. They are not criminal offenses and are not punishable by incarceration. Misdemeanors and felonies are criminal offenses that are punishable by fines, imprisonment, or both. Criminal acts are a general term for any action that is considered a violation of criminal law.

Question 14

A juvenile is typically held in __________ whereas an adult is typically held in a jail.

Accepted Answer

The term "custody" refers to a facility that is designated for the care and confinement of juveniles who have been accused of committing a delinquent act. Juveniles are held in custody until their case is resolved in court. On the other hand, adults are typically held in a jail. The purpose of a jail is to house individuals who have been arrested and are awaiting trial or who have been convicted of a crime and are serving a sentence.

Question 15

A juvenile's __________,or apprehension,is similar to an adult's arrest.

Accepted Answer

In the juvenile justice system, "custody" refers to the apprehension of a juvenile, which is similar to an adult's arrest.

Question 16

A juvenile's __________ is similar to an adult's sentence.

Accepted Answer

Disposition in the context of juvenile justice is analogous to sentencing in adult criminal justice, referring to the outcome or decision regarding a juvenile's case after they have been found delinquent or guilty.

Question 17

Most cases requiring court interpretation of the Amendment deal with police searches.

Accepted Answer

The Fourth Amendment specifically addresses the protection against unreasonable searches and seizures and is often cited in cases where police actions are being challenged as a violation of an individual's rights. The other amendments listed do not directly relate to police searches.

Question 18

Using self-report surveys,males were found to engage in such offenses as _________ only twice as often as females.

Accepted Answer

Self-report surveys have found that males report engaging in behaviors such as joyriding, alcohol use, and truancy only twice as often as females, indicating that the gender gap in these offenses may not be as large as it is in more serious criminal activities.

Question 19

A criminal act committed by a person under the age of majority is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Delinquency refers to criminal acts committed by individuals who are not yet considered legally adults. Immorality, decency, and uprightness refer to moral values and behaviors, not criminal acts committed by minors.

Question 20

The typical juvenile delinquent is serving time for a __________ crime.

Accepted Answer

Property crime is the most common type of crime committed by juvenile delinquents, including theft, burglary, and vandalism. While violent crime by juveniles may garner more attention in the media, it is less common overall. Public order offenses include less serious offenses like disorderly conduct or loitering, and drug offenses are also less common among juvenile delinquents.

Quiz 14: Juvenile Justice