Question 1

A __________ is a modification or reduction of a sentence imposed on an offender.

Accepted Answer

A commutation is a reduction in the severity of a sentence, while restitution involves the offender making amends for the harm caused by their crime. Mediation involves a dispute resolution process between two parties, and shock incarceration is an intensive, short-term program designed to deter future criminal behavior.

Question 2

A condition of probation or parole in which offenders are not permitted to leave their residences for purposes other than work,school,treatment,or other approved reasons is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The condition described of offenders being restricted to their residences except for certain approved reasons is known as house arrest. It is common practice in probation and parole as a form of supervision and control over the offender's movements. Option A (prisoner reentry) refers to a broader process of preparing prisoners for their return into society upon release, while option B (intensive supervision) may involve more frequent contact with probation or parole officers or more stringent conditions, but does not necessarily require confinement to a residence. Option D (electronic monitoring) is a technology that can be used to enforce house arrest, but does not capture the full meaning of the condition itself.

Question 3

The term __________ refers to short-term,military-style boot camps designed primarily for nonviolent young offenders and featuring a military atmosphere and strict discipline.

Accepted Answer

The term "shock incarceration" refers to short-term, military-style boot camps designed primarily for nonviolent young offenders and featuring a military atmosphere and strict discipline.

Question 4

The term __________ refers to sanctions that are alternatives to incarceration in jail or prison (such as monetary penalties,probation,intensive supervision,and home confinement with electronic monitoring),or supervision in the community after a sentence of incarceration has been served (such as parole,work release,furloughs,and halfway houses).

Accepted Answer

Community corrections refer to sanctions that are alternatives to incarceration, including probation, intensive supervision, and home confinement, as well as supervision in the community after incarceration, such as parole and halfway houses.

Question 5

____________ refers to the prisoner release decided by a parole board consisting of corrections officials and/or political appointees who evaluate the inmate's record and his or her behavior in prison to determine whether the inmate will be released to serve the remainder of the sentence under community supervision.

Accepted Answer

Parole release is the only appropriate option presented that fits the description of a prisoner release decided by a parole board based on the inmate's record and behavior in prison. Work release, study release, and home release do not involve evaluations by a parole board and may have different criteria for release.

Question 6

Release from incarceration after the offender has served the entire sentence without ever being granted parole or accumulating enough good-time credits to justify early release is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Release from incarceration after serving the entire sentence without being granted parole or accumulating good-time credits is called "maxing out." Sanctions refer to penalties or punishments imposed for violating rules or laws. Net widening refers to the phenomenon where criminal justice interventions aimed at reducing crime end up increasing the number of people subjected to control by the system. Furloughs refer to temporary releases from prison for authorized purposes, such as attending a family event or receiving medical care.

Question 7

__________ refers to a program similar to work release,in which an inmate attends school by day and returns to jail or prison at night.

Accepted Answer

The program described is not work release, which typically involves the inmate being released during the day to work in the community. Instead, it involves attending school by day and returning to confinement at night. Therefore, the best answer is C, study release. The other answer choices do not accurately describe the program being referred to.

Question 8

A prisoner's smooth transition from confinement to freedom is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

Prisoner reentry refers to the process by which prisoners transition from prison back into society. This process involves a variety of programs and services aimed at reducing recidivism and helping ex-offenders successfully reintegrate into their communities. Intensive supervision, house arrest, and electronic monitoring are all components of prisoner reentry programs, but they are not synonymous with the overall process of reentry.

Question 9

Ways to punish or place restrictions on offenders is/are called __________.

Accepted Answer

Sanctions refer to the ways in which offenders are punished or restricted, such as through fines, probation, or imprisonment. Net widening refers to the unintended consequences of policies that increase the number of people who are punished or supervised, such as through the use of mandatory minimum sentences. Maxing out refers to the practice of keeping offenders in prison for the maximum amount of time allowed by law, rather than releasing them early on parole. Furloughs are temporary releases from prison, typically for the purpose of allowing offenders to attend to personal or family emergencies.

Question 10

The term ___________ refers to the process by which more offenders end up being placed under supervision of the criminal justice system even though the intent of a program was to divert offenders out of the system.

Accepted Answer

Net widening refers to the unintended consequence of a program designed to divert offenders out of the criminal justice system. It occurs when more offenders end up being placed under the supervision of the criminal justice system than would have been under the previous system. This can happen due to policy changes, increased resources, or changes in the discretion of criminal justice professionals. Sanctions refer to penalties imposed upon individuals who violate the law, while maxing out refers to an offender serving the maximum sentence in prison. Furloughs refer to a temporary release of an offender from prison to attend to family matters, medical emergencies, or other personal needs.

Question 11

Probation or parole for which jurisdictions maintain small caseloads,make frequent contact with offenders under supervision,and require special conditions such as random drug tests,curfews,restitution to victims,electronic monitoring,or house arrest is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the definition of intensive supervision, which typically involves small caseloads, frequent contact with offenders, and specific conditions such as drug testing, curfews, and electronic monitoring. Prisoner reentry, house arrest, and electronic monitoring may be components of intensive supervision, but they do not fully capture the comprehensive nature of this type of probation or parole.

Question 12

The criminal justice process that focuses on sanctions directed primarily at repairing the injury to the victim rather than focusing on the adversarial relationship between the government and the offender is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm done to the victim rather than just punishing the offender. It involves dialogue between the offender and victim, and sometimes the community, to address the harm caused by the crime and find ways to repair it. The other options—authentic justice, retributive model of justice, and retributive justice—do not involve this focus on repairing harm and instead emphasize punishment for the sake of punishment.

Question 13

The term __________ refers to a process providing a forum in which the offender and the victim meet in a neutral setting where they can ask questions,communicate feelings of anger or remorse,and discuss ways in which the balance of justice can be restored in a fair and equitable manner;this may involve an apology,restitution,community service,or other alternative.

Accepted Answer

The term described in the question is mediation, which involves a neutral third party facilitating dialogue between the victim and offender to restore justice in a fair and equitable manner. Commutation refers to a reduction in a sentence, restitution is the payment of damages or compensation, and shock incarceration is a short-term, intensive prison program designed to shock offenders into changing their behavior.

Question 14

The term __________ refers to a form of restorative justice that usually takes the form of money,but it can also include returning property or performing services for the victim.

Accepted Answer

Restitution refers to the payment of money or other forms of compensation to the victim of a crime. This is a common form of restorative justice that attempts to repair the harm caused by the offender. It can also include returning stolen property or performing services for the victim. Commutation refers to the reduction of a sentence, mediation is a form of conflict resolution that involves a neutral third party, and shock incarceration is a type of boot camp-style program for offenders.

Question 15

Approach to criminal justice holding that sanctions should be more closely related to crime and that offenders should be punished in ways that neutralize their gain is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approach to criminal justice holding that sanctions...

Question 16

Sentences designed to provide more rigorous supervision than normal probation,yet something less expensive than incarceration are called __________.

Accepted Answer

Intermediate sanctions refer to sentences that are intended to provide stricter supervision than normal probation but are less costly than imprisonment. Community corrections include a range of programs that provide alternatives to traditional sentencing, such as electronic monitoring, community service, and drug treatment. Corporal punishment involves physical punishment, which is not a commonly used punishment in the criminal justice system. Good time credits are a form of early release granted to prisoners for good behavior.

Question 17

Surveillance of offenders in the community by means of electronic devices such as radio and telephone transmitters is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Surveillance of offenders in the community by means of electronic devices such as radio and telephone transmitters is referred to as electronic monitoring. This technique is used to enforce home confinement, probation, or parole conditions, as well as to monitor compliance with court-ordered stays-away, no-contact rules, or curfews.

Question 18

__________ refers to a program that permits eligible inmates to work during the day at regular jobs in the outside world,returning to the jail or prison at night.

Accepted Answer

Work release programs allow inmates to work during the day and return to the jail or prison at night. Parole release refers to an inmate's release from prison before completing their sentence, with certain conditions. Study release and home release are not commonly used terms in the context of inmate rehabilitation programs.

Question 19

Traditional approach to criminal justice that emphasizes the role of adversarial proceedings and the government in punishing offenders for their past acts as retribution and deterrence is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traditional approach to criminal justice that emphasizes...

Question 20

A program similar to work release,in which an inmate attends school by day and returns to jail or prison at night is called __________.

Accepted Answer

This program is commonly known as a "furlough," and it allows the inmate to attend school or work during the day while still serving their sentence. They must return to the jail or prison at night. Sanctions refer to penalties or punishments for breaking rules, net widening refers to the unintended consequences of criminal justice policies, and maxing out refers to serving the full length of a sentence without any early release.

Quiz 11: Probation, Community Corrections, and Reentry