Deck 11: Motivating for High Performance

Question 1

The ERG theory proposes that employees are motivated by three needs: existence,relatedness,and growth.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Hunger (need)leading to the drive (motive)to get something to eat (behavior),and the food satisfying (consequence and satisfaction)your hunger is a valid example of the motivation process.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Organizations meet employees' physiological needs by providing safe working conditions,job security,and fringe benefits.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The acquired needs theory proposes that employees are motivated by their needs for achievement,power,and affiliation.

Question 5

You cannot observe motives,but you can observe behavior and infer the motive.

Question 6

Process motivation theories focus on understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs.

Question 7

Herzberg contended that addressing maintenance factors will keep employees from being satisfied but it will not make them satisfied or motivate them.

Question 8

Three dependent factors determine the level of performance attained: ability,motivation,and resources.

Question 9

Unlike the other content theories,ERG theory holds that needs are based on personality and are developed as people interact with the environment.

Question 10

Motivation is the willingness to achieve organizational objectives or to go above and beyond the call of duty.

Question 11

Maintenance factors are also called intrinsic motivators.

Question 12

Through the motivation process,employees go from motive to need to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Question 13

The performance formula is performance = ability ´ motivation ´ resources.

Question 14

The highest level of needs on Maslow's hierarchy of needs is social needs.

Question 15

The hierarchy of needs theory proposes that employees are motivated by three needs: existence,relatedness,and growth.

Question 16

To motivate employees with a high n Aff,be sure to let them work as part of a team.

Question 17

Intrinsic motivators include such things as recognition,achievement,growth,and advancement.

Question 18

To motivate employees with a high n Ach,give them greater autonomy,letting them plan and control their jobs as much as possible.

Question 19

Content motivation theories focus on identifying and understanding employees' wants.

Question 20

The four content motivation theories are hierarchy of needs theory,ERG theory,two-factor theory,and acquired needs theory.

Question 21

With a continuous schedule of reinforcement,each and every desired behavior is reinforced.

Question 22

McClelland's need for achievement is more predominant in the United States than elsewhere.

Question 23

Variable pay is a compensation program in which a portion of a person's pay us considered "at risk."

Question 24

The groups of theories are complementary; each refers to a different stage in the motivation process or answers a different question.

Question 25

One of the steps in the giving praise model is stopping for a moment of silence.

Question 26

Valence refers to the value a person places on the outcome or reward.

Question 27

In order to develop an effective recognition program,managers must be sure to tie it in to the company's reward program.

Question 28

Expectancy theory is based on Victor Vroom's formula: motivation = expectancy × ability.

Question 29

When employees perceive inequity,they are motivated to reduce it by decreasing input or increasing output.

Question 30

The three types of reinforcement are positive,avoidance (negative),and elimination.

Question 31

Equity theory proposes that employees are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.

Question 32

The three process motivation theories are equity theory,hierarchy of needs theory,and expectancy theory.

Question 33

The reinforcement theory proposes that the consequences of their behavior will motivate employees to behave in predetermined ways.

Question 34

Profit sharing encourages employees to stay put because it is usually structured to reward employees who stay with the company.

Question 35

Giving employees a paycheck every week is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule.

Question 36

An example of avoidance reinforcement is a manager or team leader ignoring an employee who arrives late for a meeting.

Question 37

With intermittent reinforcement schedules,reinforcement is given based on the passage of time or amount of output.

Question 38

Goal-setting theory is currently the most valid approach to work motivation.

Question 39

The intrinsic motivation provided by the satisfaction of higher-level needs tends to be more relevant in developed countries than in developing countries.

Question 40

The Pygmalion effect implies that giving praise develops positive self-esteem in employees and leads to better performance.

Question 41

Organizations meet employees' __________ needs with merit pay raises,recognition,challenging tasks,participation in decision making,and opportunity for advancement.

A) self-actualization
B) esteem
C) social
D) physiological

Question 42

All of the following are considered extrinsic motivators in Herzberg's two-factor theory EXCEPT:

A) relationships.
B) fringe benefits.
C) work itself.
D) working conditions.

Question 43

All of the following are levels of needs in the hierarchy of needs theory EXCEPT:

A) physiological.
B) safety.
C) social.
D) psychological.

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions that Maslow based his hierarchy of needs theory on?

A) Only unmet needs motivate.
B) People's needs are arranged in order of importance from basic to complex.
C) People will not be motivated to satisfy a higher-level need unless the lower-level needs have been fully satisfied.
D) People have five levels of needs.

Question 45

Through the motivation process,employees go from:

A) motive to need to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
B) need to motive to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
C) behavior to motive to need to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
D) motive to behavior to need to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Question 46

The content motivation theories are alike in that all focus on:

A) understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs.
B) identifying and understanding employees' needs.
C) reinforcement of positive behaviors.
D) giving praise to employees.

Question 47

__________ is the willingness to achieve organizational objectives or to go above and beyond the call of duty.

A) The motivation process
B) Motivation
C) Work ethic
D) Company loyalty

Question 48

Goal-setting theory holds up fairly well cross-culturally,because it is flexible.

Question 49

Performance = ability ´ motivation ´ resources is the:

A) manager's formula.
B) motivation formula.
C) performance formula.
D) reinforcement theory.

Question 50

A major difference between the Japanese and U.S.approach to motivating employees is that Japanese managers value group accomplishment,whereas U.S.managers value individual accomplishment.

Question 51

To motivate employees with a high n Ach,you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) give them fast and frequent feedback on their performance.
B) try to include them in decision making.
C) give them increased responsibility for doing new things.
D) give them nonroutine, challenging tasks with clear, attainable objectives.

Question 52

In the ERG theory,relatedness is equivalent to __________ needs on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

A) social
B) esteem
C) safety
D) self-actualization

Question 53

If Chris has an intense desire and is well trained,she may still lack __________.

A) motivation
B) goals
C) resources
D) ability

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT one of the content motivation theories?

A) equity theory
B) ERG theory
C) acquired needs theory
D) two-factor theory

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a category of needs in the acquired needs theory?

A) success
B) power
C) achievement
D) affiliation

Question 56

Organizations help employees meet their self-actualization needs by providing them with all of the following EXCEPT:

A) challenging tasks.
B) the ability to have complete control over their jobs.
C) promotions.
D) the chance to be creative.

Question 57

Which of the following is a way to motivate employees with two-factor theory?

A) the Job Characteristics Model
B) delegating
C) job enrichment
D) all of these

Question 58

If Chris has resources and an intense desire,she may still lack __________.

A) ability
B) motivation
C) resources
D) goals

Question 59

The three independent factors that make up the performance formula are:

A) ability, motivation, and goals.
B) ability, goals, and resources.
C) ability, motivation, and resources.
D) goals, motivation, and resources.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT one of the three needs in the ERG theory?

A) existence
B) relatedness
C) growth
D) goals

Question 61

The process motivation theories are alike in that all focus on:

A) understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs.
B) identifying and understanding employees' needs.
C) reinforcement of positive behaviors.
D) giving praise to employees.

Question 62

Giving a bonus after workers produce at a standard rate is an example of a __________ schedule.

A) fixed-interval
B) variable-interval
C) fixed-ratio
D) variable-ratio

Question 63

In __________,people tend to be motivated by higher-level needs of self-actualization and esteem.

A) Japan
B) Greece
C) the United States
D) Great Britain

Question 64

The major difference between the Japanese and U.S.approach to motivating employees is:

A) U.S. managers use pay to motivate, whereas Japanese managers use job security.
B) U.S. managers value individual accomplishment, whereas Japanese managers value group accomplishment.
C) U.S. managers focus on production, whereas Japanese managers focus on quality.
D) U.S. managers focus on punishment, whereas Japanese managers focus on positive reinforcement.

Question 65

__________ theory proposes that employees are motivated when they believe they can accomplish a task and the rewards for doing so are worth the effort.

A) Equity
B) Reinforcement
C) Expectancy
D) Goal-setting

Question 66

With a(n)__________ schedule of reinforcement,each and every desired behavior is reinforced.

A) continuous
B) intermittent
C) ratio
D) interval

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT one of the process motivation theories?

A) goal-setting theory
B) equity theory
C) expectancy theory
D) acquired needs theory

Question 68

To motivate employees with a high n Pow,you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) give them greater autonomy, letting them plan and control their jobs as much as possible.
B) try to include them in decision making.
C) try to assign them to a whole task rather than just a part of it.
D) let them work as part of a team.

Question 69

Each of the questions below is answered by either content,process,or reinforcement theories EXCEPT:

A) "What needs do employees have that should be met on the job?"
B) "How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs?"
C) "What personality traits cause people to behave in certain ways?"
D) "What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives?"

Question 70

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding employee recognition programs?

A) Employee recognition programs are not monetary in nature.
B) Recognition programs elicit a psychological benefit, whereas reward programs indicate a financial or physical benefit.
C) Recognition can be both structured and spontaneous.
D) Managers must be sure to incorporate the recognition program into the company's reward program.

Question 71

__________ refers to the person's perception of his or her ability to accomplish an objective.

A) Expectancy
B) Instrumentality
C) Valence
D) Capability

Question 72

To motivate employees with a high n Aff,you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) try to include them in decision making.
B) delegate responsibility for orienting and training new employees to them.
C) give them praise and recognition.
D) let them work as part of a team.

Question 73

The expectancy theory is based on which of the following assumptions?

A) People generally have the same needs, desires, and goals.
B) Behavior is the individual's decision.
C) People make behavior decisions based on their attitudes and beliefs.
D) All of these

Question 74

__________ theory is currently the most valid approach to work motivation.

A) Equity
B) Goal-setting
C) Expectancy
D) Reinforcement

Question 75

__________ theory proposes that achievable but difficult goals motivate employees.

A) Equity
B) Reinforcement
C) Expectancy
D) Goal-setting

Question 76

All of the following are steps in the giving praise model EXCEPT:

A) tell the employee exactly what was done correctly.
B) tell the employee why the behavior is important.
C) make general statements.
D) encourage repeat performance.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement?

A) positive
B) extinction
C) continuous
D) avoidance

Question 78

__________ theory proposes that employees are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.

A) Equity
B) Reinforcement
C) Expectancy
D) Goal-setting

Question 79

__________ theory proposes that the consequences of their behavior will motivate employees to behave in predetermined ways.

A) Equity
B) Goal-setting
C) Expectancy
D) Reinforcement

Question 80

Fines and demotions are examples of which type of reinforcement?

A) positive
B) avoidance
C) punishment
D) extinction