Deck 14: Foreign Policy

Question 1

The lynchpin to President Wilson's philosophy, that the security of nations would be achieved through membership in an international organization dedicated to maintaining order and cooperation, is called

A)collective bargaining.
B)collective security.
C)security liberalism.
D)idealistic realpolitik.
E)selective engagement.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The policy known as detente was employed when

A)equal access to markets in China was availed.
B)formalized relations with Vietnam were created.
C)peaceful relations with the Soviet Union were established.
D)Korea was unified.
E)the United States sought to open markets in Latin America to trade and investment.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which one of the following is true of U.S.foreign policy in the post-Cold War period?

A)The United States is now the sole global superpower, a hegemon dedicated to liberal economic and democratic values.
B)U.S.foreign policy has not changed significantly from the time of the Cold War
C)U.S.foreign policy has been devoted mostly to detente and containment.
D)U.S.foreign policy has been devoted mostly to opening foreign markets to trade and encouraging prosperity.
E)The United States, Soviet Union, and China share superpower status and communism remains a threat.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The Korean War was the first test of the policy of

A)confinement.
B)containment.
C)communism.
D)détente.
E)Monroe Doctrine.

Question 5

The idea that wealth and power go together and that the nation should pursue policies designed to increase its wealth is known as

A)realism.
B)idealism.
C)isolationism.
D)nationalism.
E)mercantilism.

Question 6

__________ means a nation is the dominant nation in a particular geographic area.

A)Mercantilism
B)Unilateralism
C)Imperialism
D)Neutrality
E)Hegemony

Question 7

Which theory of international relations asserts that cooperation among nations is limited by the competitive strategies that they must adopt in an international environment lacking institutions capable of enforcing good behavior?

A)idealism
B)realism
C)systemic
D)rational
E)liberalism

Question 8

During Jefferson's time, the United States opted not to play an active role in the European balance of power; this is an example of

A)hegemony.
B)anti-euro sentimentalism.
C)isolationism.
D)protectionism.
E)mercantilism

Question 9

"Nations are free to act according to their interests as they define them." This statement reflects which theory of international relations?

A)liberalism
B)idealism
C)systemic
D)nationalist
E)realism

Question 10

At what point, and under which president, has American foreign policy been unambiguously driven by ideal liberal tenets?

A)Spanish-American War, President McKinley
B)Monroe Doctrine, President Monroe
C)Doctrine of Pre-emption, President George W.Bush
D)Roosevelt Corollary, President Theodore Roosevelt
E)World War I, President Woodrow Wilson

Question 11

The use of military power in the prevention of major threats to American security, especially in helping to prevent wars from breaking out among the great powers of the world, is referred to as

A)aggressive engagement.
B)preventive isolationism.
C)selective engagement.
D)intense institutionalists.
E)containment.

Question 12

Compared to President Wilson's utopian liberalism, contemporary liberals are more

A)progressive.
B)pompous.
C)pacifistic.
D)pragmatic.
E)selective.

Question 13

Neo-liberal institutionalists believe that international institutions or regimes

A)promote harmony among nations.
B)promote cooperation on important global issues.
C)create less impetus for military activity.
D)promote dissatisfaction with uncooperative regimes.
E)seek a relative distribution of payoffs

Question 14

The Roosevelt era demonstrated that American __________ was giving away to __________ in international affairs.

A)noninterventionism; active involvement
B)active involvement; isolationism
C)isolationism; hegemony
D)military intervention; pacifistic public attitudes
E)capitalism; isolationism

Question 15

After World War II, the United States played the critical role in founding the

A)North Atlantic Commonwealth Organization.
B)Treaty Alliance Towards Organized Europe.
C)North American Transatlantic Association.
D)North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
E)Warsaw Pact.

Question 16

Which policy declared the United States the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere?

A)Allied Articles
B)Western Doctrine
C)Manifest Articles
D)Monroe Doctrine
E)Containment

Question 17

__________ may result when nations work to increase their armaments and create alliances to block the aggressive attempts of other nations to dominate the international system.

A)Realist preservation
B)Disequilibrium
C)A balance of power
D)War
E)Détente

Question 18

Which one of the following has social science research found with respect to democracies and war?

A)Democracies do not go to war.
B)Democracies go to war only against other democracies.
C)Democracies are more willing to wage war against nondemocratic states.
D)Democracies go to war only against terrorists.
E)Democracies do not go to war unilaterally.

Question 19

Liberalism maintains that capitalism and democracy, as well as international institutions, can lead to

A)lasting relations that are based on competition (capitalism) among nations.
B)enduring cooperation among nations.
C)enduring relations based on strength in military regimes that promote unity via force.
D)communist regimes.
E)anarchy.

Question 20

The core concept guiding realism is

A)abundance.
B)superpower status.
C)anarchy.
D)internal sources of influence.
E)money.

Question 21

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine justified American

A)intervention in the domestic politics of Latin America.
B)control of the Suez Canal.
C)seizure of British and French assets in the United States.
D)war against Canada.
E)détente toward the Soviet Union.

Question 22

In times of war,

A)the influence of interest groups increases.
B)the president loses power.
C)Congress gains power.
D)the Supreme Court shifts control of foreign policy to Congress.
E)the influence of interest groups declines.

Question 23

American foreign policy tends to promote a stable balance of power or American dominance.

Question 24

Which terrorist group is responsible for attacks on U.S.embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in the 1990s?

A)IRA
B)FARQ
C)Al Qaeda
D)PLO
E)Hezbollah

Question 25

In his farewell address, George Washington warned the United States

A)about the dangers of the military industrial complex.
B)about the need to reach the Pacific Ocean.
C)against the dangers posed by the French navy.
D)against becoming entangled in foreign affairs
E)against westward expansion.

Question 26

Domestic societal forces that influence foreign policy include a diverse array of interest groups, yet the more general influence exerting pressure on the formulation and implementation of foreign policy is

A)foreign governments.
B)single interest groups.
C)international groups.
D)public opinion.
E)multinational organizations.

Question 27

Recently, the United States has displayed a willingness to pursue

A)assertive multipurpose internationalism that supports open market systems in previously communist countries.
B)traditional liberal internationalism that promotes national independence.
C)multilateralism that supports human rights and humanitarian values.
D)multinationalism that supports creation of democratic nation-states.
E)isolationism.

Question 28

The policy first announced by President George W.Bush in 2002 that the United States would use military force to forestall or prevent hostile acts by its adversaries is known as:

A)"axis of evil"
B)mercantilism
C)realism
D)multilateralism
E)preemption

Question 29

The media influences foreign policy in a number of ways including

A)ignoring the policy agenda.
B)electing officials.
C)bribing policy makers to support a specific issue.
D)framing the policy agenda.
E)regulation.

Question 30

The Korean War (1950-1953) was the first test of the policy of containment.

Question 31

Dualism in foreign affairs is understandable because American foreign policy has always been shaped by two basic objectives

A)to ensure national security and to serve as a model for other states.
B)to promote peace and to secure less fortunate regimes.
C)to serve as a model for other states and to replace military aid with technical assistance.
D)to ensure national security and support democratic government's efforts to embrace capitalism.
E)détente and containment.

Question 32

Congress can influence foreign policy by

A)signing treaties with affected nations.
B)withholding statutory approval.
C)not conferring nominees.
D)increasing or reducing funding.
E)negotiating with the Supreme Court.

Question 33

Liberalists emphasize the distribution of resources and capabilities have a major influence on foreign policy.

Question 34

Anarchy is at the core of liberalism in foreign policy.

Question 35

The National Security Act was instrumental in

A)expanding Congress' role in foreign policy.
B)preserving the Supreme Court's role in foreign policy.
C)maintaining the influence of the American public in foreign policy.
D)expanding the foreign policy bureaucracy under the president's control.
E)delaying American involvement in World War I.

Question 36

A realist would agree that political authority or international organizations can establish universal rules of good conduct and punish nations that break those acts.

Question 37

The Monroe Doctrine allowed other nations to become involved in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

Question 38

The media has grown in importance as an influence on foreign policy due to the dependence of __________

A)foreign advisors.
B)crisis spin doctors.
C)policy determinants.
D)policy influentials.
E)interest groups.

Question 39

The president's powers in foreign affairs have steadily been __________ by Congress, the Supreme Court, influential elites, and the American public.

A)constrained
B)expanded
C)reduced
D)enlarged
E)ignored

Question 40

Which groups appear to have the most influence on foreign policy?

A)economic and domestic groups
B)media groups
C)international human rights groups
D)economic or business groups
E)political action committees

Question 41

The policy of selective engagement seeks to halt the spread of weapons of mass destruction to threatening regimes such as those in Iran and North Korea.

Question 42

Individuals with expertise and access to the governmental decision-making process are known as policy influentials.

Question 43

Based upon the major theories, recurring themes, and traditional influences on U.S.foreign policy, what approach do you see U.S.policy pursuing in the future, and why? Explain.

Question 44

Realpolitik under President Theodore Roosevelt meant greater assertion of America's presence abroad and frequent intervention in Latin America.

Question 45

The expansion of the executive offices of the president has gradually undercut the importance of the State Department in foreign policy.

Question 46

Preemption is a strategic policy for dealing with international terrorism.

Question 47

The policy of containment played a central role in U.S.foreign policy during the Cold War.

Question 48

Discuss the two competing theories of international relations and explain how each has influenced U.S.foreign policy.

Question 49

It is often argued that U.S.foreign policy uses both realism and liberalism. Explain what is meant by this in the context of post-Cold War foreign policy.

Question 50

Neo-liberal institutionalists believe that international institutions hamper cooperation on important global issues.

Question 51

Terrorism is defined by American law as "premeditated, politically motivated violence against noncombatant targets by subnational groups."

Question 52

Describe the governmental sources of American foreign policy.

Question 53

Compare and contrast U.S.foreign policy during the Cold War and during the rise of international terrorism.

Question 54

Gruesome images shown by various media organizations have caused policy makers to act.

Question 55

The president is the central governmental source of U.S.foreign policy.

Question 56

The policy of detente originated with the Korean War.

Question 57

Large corporations that have significant financial resources are in the best position to influence the policy process, primarily through campaign contributions.