Deck 12: Leadership in Organizational Settings

Question 1

Transformational leaders encourage employees to experiment with current practices and question the ways things are currently being done.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: Effective transformational leaders encourage employees to question current practices and to experiment with new ways that are potentially more consistent with the visionary future state.

Question 2

A strategic vision should unify management and external stakeholders but does not need to involve non-managerial employees.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: A strategic vision bonds employees and often other stakeholders together.It succeeds because employees collectively define themselves by this future state as part of their identification with the organization.

Question 3

Managerial leadership entails the daily activities that support and guide the performance and well-being of individual employees and the work unit to support current objectives and performance.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: Managerial leadership entails the daily activities that support and guide the performance and well-being of individual employees and the work unit to support current objectives and performance.

Question 4

Shared leadership is the view that anyone in the organization may be a leader in various ways and at various times.

Question 5

Managerial leaders are mainly change agents.

Question 6

A strategic vision is necessarily abstract.

Question 7

Task-oriented leaders assign employees to specific tasks, set goals and deadlines, clarify their work duties and procedures, define work procedures, and plan work activities.

Question 8

Transformational leaders shape a strategic vision of the future that focuses employees on a superordinate organizational goal.

Question 9

Transformational leadership is more appropriate when organizations have stable environmental conditions.

Question 10

Charismatic leadership refers more to a set of behaviors that engage followers toward a better future, whereas transformational leadership refers mainly to personal traits that provide referent power over followers.

Question 11

Organizations should use transformational leadership instead of managerial leadership.

Question 12

Transformational leadership is usually described as a contingency-oriented model rather than a universal model.

Question 13

Unlike the traditional view of leadership, shared leadership lacks formal authority.

Question 14

Transformational leadership is more micro-focused than managerial leadership.

Question 15

Organizational behavior takes the view that only people in management and other positions of formal authority in organizations can be leaders.

Question 16

Transformational and managerial leadership are opposite leadership perspectives.

Question 17

University students tend to value people-oriented instructors over task-oriented instructors.

Question 18

Shared leadership roles are formally assigned by the team and managers.

Question 19

Leadership is the ability to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute to organizational effectiveness.

Question 20

A supervisor uses subtle persuasion to ensure that subordinates have the motivation and role clarity to achieve specified goals.This can be considered leadership.

Question 21

The leadership substitutes theory identifies conditions that either limit the leader's ability to influence subordinates or make a particular leadership style unnecessary.

Question 22

Managers should use directive and supportive styles of leadership when employees have an external locus of control.

Question 23

According to path-goal leadership theory, directive leadership should never be applied to inexperienced employees.

Question 24

Servant leadership occurs when employees believe that their energy is put into serving their leader rather than accomplishing organizational objectives.

Question 25

Participative leadership behaviors encourage and facilitate subordinate involvement in decisions beyond their normal work activities.

Question 26

Implicit leadership theory focuses on followers' perceptions of leadership.

Question 27

The situational leadership model identifies four leadership styles, telling, selling, participating, and delegating.

Question 28

Path-goal theory has received more research support than other contingency leadership models.

Question 29

Employee benefits such as reward systems cannot replace or reduce the need for task-oriented leadership.

Question 30

Path-goal theory has its roots in the expectancy theory of motivation.

Question 31

Job performance is higher among employees who work for supervisors with low levels of task-oriented leadership and high levels of people-oriented leadership.

Question 32

The achievement-oriented leadership style applies the goal-setting and self-fulfilling prophecy concepts.

Question 33

Situational leadership theory is very popular among practitioners and also has received significant research support.

Question 34

The directive style is most effective when employees have routine and simple tasks.

Question 35

According to Fiedler's contingency model, leaders should attempt to change their style to fit the situation.

Question 36

In the achievement-oriented leadership style, leaders expect employees to perform at an optimal level and set subordinate goals.

Question 37

According to path-goal theory, supportive leadership is desirable for employees who work in teams with low cohesiveness.

Question 38

Supportive leadership is the same as people-oriented leadership.

Question 39

Servant leaders try to understand employees' needs and facilitate their work performance.

Question 40

The situational leadership model states that a person's leadership style cannot be changed and leaders should be placed in situations that match their natural style.

Question 41

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of leadership?

A)Leadership refers to transforming the day-to-day activities of an organization to increase its effectiveness.
B)Leadership refers to the personality traits of an individual which makes him or her guide an organization to better performance and effectiveness.
C)Leadership refers to the abilities of an individual to act according to the changes in the environment.
D)Leadership is influencing, motivating, and enabling others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations.
E)Leadership refers to the capabilities of certain individuals to introduce successful changes in organizational performance.

Question 42

Implicit leadership theory states that everyone has beliefs about the features and behaviors of effective leaders.

Question 43

Integrity is ultimately based on the leader's values, which provide an anchor for consistency.

Question 44

Effective leaders are good at expressing emotions, as well as regulating emotions in themselves and others.

Question 45

According to the leadership competencies perspective, leadership abilities are something you are born with; you do not develop them during your life.

Question 46

Surveys report that women are rated lower than men on the emerging leadership qualities of coaching, teamwork, and empowering employees.

Question 47

The view that effective leaders need to be aware of, feel comfortable with, and act consistently with their values, personality, and self-concept is known as transformational leadership.

Question 48

According to the competency perspective of leadership, self-concept, integrity, knowledge of the business, and emotional intelligence are important leadership competencies.

Question 49

According to the implicit leadership perspective, we are more likely to believe that a leader is effective if the leader looks and acts consistently with our prototype.

Question 50

Having a high level of extroversion is a weak predictor of leadership.

Question 51

According to the leadership competencies perspective, leadership competencies identify leadership potential, not leadership performance.

Question 52

Effective leaders should not monitor others' emotions and discriminate among them.

Question 53

Cultural values are part of what makes us see some people as leaders.

Question 54

Which leadership theory or perspective adopts the view that leaders are agents of change?

A)Transformational leadership perspective
B)Path-goal theory
C)Implicit leadership perspective
D)Managerial perspective
E)Leadership substitutes

Question 55

Research indicates that male and female leaders widely differ in their levels of task-oriented and people-oriented leadership.

Question 56

The competency perspective of leadership advocates the view that situational characteristics distinguish great leaders from the rest of us.

Question 57

Women tend to use the participative leadership style less readily than their male counterparts.

Question 58

The competency perspective of leadership assumes that all effective leaders have the same personal characteristics that are equally important in all situations.

Question 59

How implicit leadership operates varies between different cultures.

Question 60

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the view of shared leadership?

A)Shared leadership operates out of one formally assigned position shared by two employees.
B)Leaders should share their power and responsibility to avoid self-serving bias among employees.
C)Leadership of an organization is broadly distributed rather than assigned to one person.
D)For organizations to move from autocratic to democratic institutions, shared leadership must be implemented.
E)A team should have more than one leader to perform effectively.

Question 61

Which of the following refers to "walking the talk"?

A)The leader uses metaphors to symbolize the vision to the employees.
B)The leader continuously works as a part of a team to know them better.
C)The leader provides specific instructions to help employees understand the task requirements.
D)The leader steps out and behaves in ways that symbolize the vision.
E)The leader continuously analyzes the path that the organization is taking.

Question 62

According to path-goal theory, a combination of _____ leadership is best for employees who are (or perceive themselves to be) inexperienced and unskilled.

A)achievement-oriented and directive
B)participative and directive
C)directive and supportive
D)supportive and achievement-oriented
E)supportive and participative

Question 63

_____ leadership includes showing mutual trust and respect for subordinates and having a desire to look out for their welfare.

A)Task-oriented
B)People-oriented
C)Achievement-oriented
D)Transaction-oriented
E)Participation-oriented

Question 64

Managerial leaders:

A)engage in participative leadership.
B)build a strategic vision to change the organization.
C)support and guide the performance and well-being of individual employees.
D)possess all of the competencies of great leaders.
E)act as change agents in the organization.

Question 65

Which of the following leadership styles in path-goal theory is most closely associated with goal-setting and positive self-fulfilling prophecy?

A)Directive
B)Supportive
C)Participative
D)Achievement-oriented
E)Encouraging

Question 66

_____ includes defining and structuring work roles, clarifying employees' work duties and procedures, and pushing employees to reach their performance capacity.

A)Achievement-orientation
B)Participation-orientation
C)Task-orientation
D)Transformational-orientation
E)People-orientation

Question 67

People with an external locus of control tend to be more satisfied with _____ leadership styles.

A)achievement-oriented and directive
B)participative and directive
C)directive and supportive
D)supportive and achievement-oriented
E)supportive and participative

Question 68

Charisma refers to:

A)the personal traits that provide referent power over others.
B)the traits that lead to managerial leadership.
C)the situational traits that lead to transformational leadership.
D)the people-oriented behaviors displayed by individuals.
E)any situation where followers attribute positive things to leaders who do not really deserve this credit.

Question 69

Transformational leaders:

A)improve the operational efficiency of an organization.
B)support the current strategy and ensure that the employees perform tasks more effectively.
C)energize and direct employees to a new vision and corresponding behaviors.
D)help employees become more proficient and satisfied in the current situation.
E)influence employees by negotiating services from them.

Question 70

Path-goal theory argues that:

A)leadership is relatively unimportant in high-performance organizations.
B)participative leadership is the most effective style of leadership.
C)supportive leadership is best suited to maximize organizational performance.
D)great leaders have certain common personal characteristics and goals.
E)effective leaders select the most appropriate behavior based on the situation.

Question 71

Which of the following is a leadership style identified in path-goal theory?

A)Achievement-oriented leadership
B)Selling leadership
C)Transformational leadership
D)Emotional intelligence
E)Managerial leadership

Question 72

Which of the following leadership styles in path-goal theory is the same as people-oriented leadership?

A)Directive
B)Supportive
C)Participative
D)Achievement-oriented
E)Telling

Question 73

Servant leadership emphasizes the notion that:

A)employees are paid to serve their leaders.
B)leaders should be able to serve the organization by maximizing employee performance.
C)employees are servants in the organization, so they should place organizational objectives above their personal needs.
D)leaders should serve the organization rather than the society.
E)leaders serve followers, rather than vice versa.

Question 74

Which of the following is a limitation of the transformational perspective of leadership?

A)It focuses too much on how leaders improve organizational efficiency.
B)It is typically presented as a universal rather than contingency perspective.
C)Transformational leaders are not defined in terms of their success.
D)It totally ignores the need for having an organizational change agent.
E)Transformational leaders are often judged based on specific behaviors.

Question 75

_____ represents the heart of transformational leadership.

A)Effectiveness
B)Charisma
C)Operational efficiency
D)Strategic vision
E)Emotional intelligence

Question 76

Organizational behavior research indicates that transformational leaders produce _____ followers, whereas charismatic leaders produce dependent followers.

A)unskilled
B)directive
C)empowered
D)real
E)servant

Question 77

Which of the following leadership styles in path-goal theory is the same as task-oriented leadership?

A)Directive
B)Supportive
C)Participative
D)Achievement-oriented
E)Collaborative

Question 78

Task-oriented leaders:

A)establish challenging goals.
B)develop mutual trust and respect for subordinates.
C)listen to employees' suggestions.
D)do personal favors for employees.
E)establish a personal relationship with employees.

Question 79

Which of the following leadership theories or perspectives explicitly includes the participative and the directive styles?

A)Competency (trait) perspective
B)Transformational leadership theory
C)Implicit leadership perspective
D)Path-goal theory
E)Managerial leadership perspective

Question 80

According to studies of task- and people-oriented leadership effectiveness, the best leaders:

A)Rely on task-oriented behaviors
B)Rely on people-oriented behaviors
C)Use both task-oriented and people-oriented behaviors
D)Research studies do not support any relationship between leader behaviors and leader effectiveness
E)Research has not been done on this topic