Deck 7: Trust, Justice, and Ethics

Question 1

Disposition-based trust guides us in the absence of data about a particular authority.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Justice reflects the actual fairness of an authority's decision making.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

People gauge the track record of an authority along three dimensions: ability, skills, and knowledge.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Danny has just started a new job. His coworkers tell him that their manager is very unselfish and always keeps her promises. In addition, she is the leading expert in the company on product development. As a result of this information, Danny is likely to develop cognition-based trust in his manager.

Question 5

Abigail, a manager at ABC Company, is always very careful to award bonuses and other rewards to her subordinates based on each individual's performance and contribution. Abigail is concerned with interpersonal justice.

Question 6

Ability is defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives.

Question 7

Cognition-based trust is driven by the trustor's faith in human nature.

Question 8

Employees gauge procedural justice by asking whether decision outcomes, such as pay, rewards, evaluations, promotions, and work assignments, are allocated using proper norms.

Question 9

Under the need norm, members of a group are rewarded in identical measures regardless of their individual productivity levels.

Question 10

Affect-based trust is more rational than emotional.

Question 11

Informational justice reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes.

Question 12

Reputation is a tangible asset that depends heavily on a company's ability to generate trust among its employees and customers.

Question 13

Jocelyn met Bryan at her apartment pool and agreed to go dancing with him that evening. She has often gone out with people she just met. Her agreement to go out with him when she just met him demonstrates affect-based trust.

Question 14

The equity norm is typically judged to be the fairest choice in situations in which the goal is to maximize the productivity of individual employees.

Question 15

When trust is cognition-based, it means that trust depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment.

Question 16

Integrity is defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable.

Question 17

Affect-based trust is seen in a select few relationships.

Question 18

An organization's reputation reflects the prominence of its brand in the minds of the public and the perceived quality of its goods and services.

Question 19

The importance of trust propensity is most obvious in interactions with strangers, in which any acceptance of vulnerability would amount to "blind trust."

Question 20

Trust is defined as the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustee's actions and intentions.

Question 21

Interpersonal justice is fostered when authorities adhere to two particular rules: the justification rule and the truth rule.

Question 22

The legal component of corporate social responsibility argues that the law represents society's codification of right and wrong and must, therefore, be followed.

Question 23

Economic exchanges are impersonal and resemble contractual agreements, such that employees agree to fulfill the duties in their job description in exchange for financial compensation.

Question 24

In the context of trust and job performance, the ability to focus reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to engaging in workplace politics or saving themselves from problems like abusive supervision.

Question 25

Informational justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities.

Question 26

The willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions is called _____.

A) trust
B) morality
C) consensus
D) justice
E) proximity

Question 27

Descriptive ethics evolved with scholars in philosophy debating how people ought to act using various codes and principles.

Question 28

When employees perceive high levels of _____, they believe that decision outcomes are fair and that decision-making processes are designed and implemented in a fair manner.

A) risk
B) profit-centered motives
C) social responsibility
D) justice
E) economic exchange

Question 29

All people move through the preconventional and conventional stages and finally operate from the postconventional stage of moral development.

Question 30

Whistle-blowing occurs when former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their organization.

Question 31

Low levels of informational justice can make an organization vulnerable to wrongful termination claims.

Question 32

Kohlberg's theory of cognitive moral development proposes that as people age and mature, they move through the preconventional, postconventional, and principled stages of moral development.

Question 33

_____ reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.

A) Ethics
B) Justice
C) Competence
D) Trust
E) Morality

Question 34

Procedural justice tends to be a stronger driver of reactions to authorities than distributive justice.

Question 35

Magnitude of consequences and concentration of effect are the only two components of moral intensity.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is Truewith regard to trust, justice, and ethics?

A) Justice reflects the actual degree of fairness of an authority's decision making.
B) The reputation of a company is independent of how trustworthy and ethical its practices are.
C) Trust in authorities like the management in a firm depends on two factors: justice and ethics.
D) Ethics reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally mandated legal requirements; morals and norms are not a part of ethics.
E) Relationships based on trust are completely free from risks and uncertainties.

Question 37

When trust is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness, it is called:

A) disposition-based trust.
B) affect-based trust.
C) cognition-based trust.
D) power-based trust.
E) feeling-based trust.

Question 38

Procedural justice is of enormous importance when outcomes are bad.

Question 39

Which of the following reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making?

A) Ethics
B) Justice
C) Morality
D) Corporate social responsibility
E) Trust

Question 40

Efforts to improve the quality of life in the communities in which organizations work is typically an effort that comes under the citizenship component of corporate social responsibility.

Question 41

_____ is defined as the dimension of justice that reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes.

A) Procedural justice
B) Interpersonal justice
C) Informational justice
D) Distributive justice
E) Restorative justice

Question 42

Danny recently started revising his résumé after his managers failed to give him a pay raise that he felt would rightly compensate him for his increasing workload. Danny, who had faced this kind of pay discrimination in the company earlier, finally decided to quit and has begun looking for another job. His resentment related to his pay reflects the lack of _____ in the company that he works for.

A) informational justice
B) distributive justice
C) retributive justice
D) procedural justice
E) interpersonal justice

Question 43

Affect-based trust is driven by the _____.

A) authority's track record
B) authority's strengths and weakness
C) trustor's disposition
D) trustor's feelings for the trustee
E) trustor's rational assessment of the trustee

Question 44

The characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust are defined as one's _____.

A) moral intensity
B) trust propensity
C) propriety
D) trustworthiness
E) ability

Question 45

_____ is defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable.

A) Abusive supervision
B) Competence
C) Ability
D) Integrity
E) Benevolence

Question 46

When employees evaluate outcomes such as pay, rewards, and promotions to determine whether they are allocated using proper norms, they are applying the _____ type of justice.

A) informational
B) procedural
C) distributive
D) interpersonal
E) retributive

Question 47

Just a week into the job at the marketing and advertising division of a company, Alex, Neil, and John were given the task of creating an advertising campaign for the company's new product. Alex and Neil had much trouble with the task, and when John volunteered to take it up on their behalf, they readily agreed. Though they had no idea of John's skills in this area, they felt that John could be trusted to do a good job. John, who had done a paper on marketing while in college, reviewed numerous articles, studied the new product thoroughly, and came up with a campaign that received good reviews from his team leaders. Which of the following is Truewith regard to Alex and Neil?

A) Alex and Neil had a high degree of trustworthiness to execute the job they were given.
B) Alex and Neil had high degree of disposition-based trust.
C) Alex and Neil used a rational assessment to arrive at the conclusion that John would do a good job with their assignment.
D) Alex and Neil had a high level of the abilities required for their job at present.
E) Alex and Neil share a mentor-protégé relationship with John at present.

Question 48

In the case of _____ trust, our trust arises mostly from the emotional feelings we have for the authority.

A) cognition-based
B) mentor-based
C) affect-based
D) character-based
E) disposition-based

Question 49

Which of the following is Truewith regard to trust propensity?

A) The importance of trust propensity is seen in interactions with family and friends.
B) Trust propensity is most likely to be seen in people who display cognition-based trust.
C) Trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture.
D) Trust propensity refers to the use of track records and rational assessments in making decisions.
E) Low trust propensity is ideal as it prevents us from trusting others who are not trustworthy.

Question 50

_____ refers to a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon.

A) Trust propensity
B) Moral judgment
C) Moral awareness
D) Moral intensity
E) Propriety

Question 51

In the case of _____ trust, we rationally evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of an authority along the dimensions of ability, integrity, and benevolence.

A) cognition-based
B) mentor-based
C) affect-based
D) emotion-based
E) disposition-based

Question 52

Which of the following is Truewith regard to affect-based trust?

A) Affect-based trust depends completely on the trustor's propensity to trust.
B) Affect-based trust is more rational than emotional.
C) Affect-based trust relies on our feelings.
D) Affect-based trust is rooted in reason and analysis.
E) Affect-based trust is the most commonly seen type of trust.

Question 53

Abigail was abandoned as an infant and later went to school in a district with a great deal of gang activity where she seldom felt safe. Abigail is not likely to demonstrate ______ trust.

A) disposition-based
B) cognitive-based
C) affect-based
D) organizationally based
E) justice-based

Question 54

When authorities are perceived as benevolent, it means that:

A) they care for employees, are concerned about their well-being, and feel a sense of loyalty to them.
B) they display hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact.
C) they reward employees for exposing illegal or immoral actions by their organization.
D) they lack a general expectation that the words and promises of employees can be relied upon.
E) they hinder the employees' ability to focus, which reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work.

Question 55

Cognition-based trust is driven by the:

A) authority's track record.
B) trustor's trust propensity.
C) trustor's intuitive feelings.
D) trustor's affect-based trust.
E) trustor's disposition.

Question 56

One week into the job at the marketing and advertising division of a company, Alex, Neil, and John were given the task of creating an advertising campaign for the company's new product. Alex and Neil had much trouble with the task, and when John volunteered to take it up on their behalf, they readily agreed. Though they had no idea of John's skills in this area, they felt that John could be trusted to do a good job. John, who had done a paper on marketing while in college, reviewed numerous articles, studied the new product thoroughly, and came up with a campaign that received good reviews from his team leaders. John's success in creating a good campaign for the new product completely on his own reflects his _____.

A) social consensus
B) ability
C) proximity
D) trust propensity
E) morality

Question 57

It is argued that _____ represents a sort of "faith in human nature."

A) cognition-based trust
B) trust propensity
C) competence
D) ability
E) rational assessment

Question 58

Ron recently moved into a flat in the Oak Wood apartments. He often receives confidential letters and documents regarding work and his finances. As Ron is at work all day, he has asked his neighbor to collect his mail. When the pieces of mail are given to him, Ron believes that he is the first one to open them. Ron has a high degree of _____.

A) power-based trust
B) informational justice
C) cognition-based trust
D) moral awareness
E) trust propensity

Question 59

Which of the following dimensions of trustworthiness is defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives?

A) Affect
B) Competence
C) Benevolence
D) Trust propensity
E) Ability

Question 60

_____ is a dimension of trustworthiness, defined as the skills, competencies, and areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific context.

A) Character
B) Benevolence
C) Personality
D) Ability
E) Affect

Question 61

Springfield Motors has an HR policy that does not allow its newly hired employees to work on committee projects or get involved in the union meetings. This is done to ensure that the new employees can concentrate on their work and do not get distracted with other issues. Which of the following allocation norms has Springfield Motors adopted?

A) Standard norm
B) Equity norm
C) Reciprocity norm
D) Need norm
E) Equality norm

Question 62

The _____ norm is typically judged to be the fairest choice in situations in which the goal is to maximize the productivity of individual employees.

A) equity
B) equality
C) need
D) standard
E) prescriptive

Question 63

Safe Heaven Laboratories has a very liberal atmosphere in which all employees are welcome to participate in the decision-making process. The company values the feedback and suggestions given by the employees, who in turn are pleased that they are able to express their opinions freely. Which of the following dimensions of justice is the company promoting by giving its employees voice?

A) Informational justice
B) Procedural justice
C) Distributive justice
D) Interpersonal justice
E) Retributive justice

Question 64

Which of the following is the norm that is typically judged to be the most appropriate choice in situations in which the goal is to maximize harmony and solidarity in work groups?

A) Justification
B) Equity
C) Equality
D) Respect
E) Voice

Question 65

Which of the following is an allocation norm under which all group members receive exactly the same outcome on a project regardless of their individual productivity levels?

A) Propensity norm
B) Need norm
C) Equity norm
D) Reciprocity norm
E) Equality norm

Question 66

Informational justice is fostered when authorities adhere to the rules of:

A) voice and accuracy.
B) justification and truthfulness.
C) equity and equality.
D) consistency and accuracy.
E) respect and propriety.

Question 67

Which of the following is a procedural justice rule of fair process?

A) Voice
B) Justification
C) Equality
D) Respect
E) Propriety

Question 68

_____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from the authorities.

A) Interpersonal
B) Informational
C) Procedural
D) Distributive
E) Redistributive

Question 69

_____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities.

A) Procedural
B) Interpersonal
C) Informational
D) Distributive
E) Utilitarian

Question 70

The _____ rule reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks.

A) propriety
B) justification
C) truthfulness
D) accuracy
E) voice

Question 71

_____ is defined as the sustained display by a manager of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact.

A) Trust propensity
B) Bias suppression
C) Justification
D) Whistle-blowing
E) Abusive supervision

Question 72

The managers at Pulse, an HR firm, have noticed that the employees are not team players; they are focused on achieving individual goals. Management wants to change this attitude of its employees. The company wants to create a reward system in which all group members would receive exactly the same outcome regardless of their individual productivity levels to promote their ability to work effectively in groups. Which of the following allocation norms would you recommend for this purpose?

A) Standard norm
B) Consensus norm
C) Equity norm
D) Equality norm
E) Propensity norm

Question 73

Which of the following is an informational justice rule?

A) Truthfulness
B) Consistency
C) Equity
D) Bias suppression
E) Propriety

Question 74

When organizations protect new employees from committee assignments and other extra activities so that they can get their careers off to a productive start, they are using the _____ type of allocation norms.

A) propensity norm
B) need norm
C) reciprocity norm
D) equity norm
E) equality norm

Question 75

Which of the following is an interpersonal justice rule?

A) Truthfulness
B) Consistency
C) Equity
D) Accuracy
E) Propriety

Question 76

Which of the following represent the two interpersonal justice rules?

A) Voice and correctability
B) Justification and truthfulness
C) Equity and equality
D) Consistency and accuracy
E) Respect and propriety

Question 77

Companies that engage in civility training are most likely concerned about ______ justice.

A) interpersonal
B) procedural
C) ethical
D) legal
E) perceived

Question 78

Bryan, a first-line supervisor at Little Toys, regularly uses abusive and derogatory words when dealing with his subordinates. Many employees have also heard Bryan refer to specific employees with inappropriate labels ridiculing their ethnicity, names, or weaknesses. From the scenario, it can be concluded that workers at Little Toys lack _____.

A) distributive justice
B) informational justice
C) procedural justice
D) interpersonal justice
E) restorative justice

Question 79

The _____ rule requires that the decision-making procedures and outcomes that the authorities explain to employees be honest and candid.

A) propriety
B) respect
C) consistency
D) equity
E) truthfulness

Question 80

_____ is defined as a dimension of justice that reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making processes.

A) Procedural justice
B) Interpersonal justice
C) Informational justice
D) Distributive justice
E) Utilitarian justice