Deck 13: Psychological Disorders, Therapy, and Womens Well-Being

Question 1

The decision on who is mentally ill and who is not

A)is sometimes more dependent on society's response to a behavior,rather than on the behavior itself.
B)has historically fallen to women to decide.
C)is often viewed as a spiritual problem in modern life.
D)All of the above are correct.

Answer 1

is sometimes more dependent on society's response to a behavior,rather than on the behavior itself.

Question 2

Pre-Menstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)was not included in the appendix of the DSM-IV because

A)of insufficient research support for the diagnosis.
B)there's no medication available for treatment.
C)the diagnosis was not applicable to men.
D)b and c

Answer 2

of insufficient research support for the diagnosis.

Question 3

Studies of the relationship between depression and gender reveal

A)gender roles may be more important than biological sex in effecting women's behaviors associated with depression.
B)biological sex may be more important than gender roles in effecting behaviors associated with depression among men.
C)biological sex may be more important than gender roles in effecting behaviors associated with depression among women.
D)gender roles and biological sex are similarly related to behaviors associated with depression.

Answer 3

gender roles may be more important than biological sex in effecting women's behaviors associated with depression.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding "hysteria" is FALSE?

A)It means "wandering womb."
B)It refers to reproduction-related symptoms.
C)It is no longer a diagnosis in the DSM-IV.
D)Research on it is based on samples of both men and women.

Question 5

Gender-related difference in the rates of some mental health issues may occur because

A)women and men may differ in willingness to seek treatment
B)women and men may differ in willingness to admit they're struggling.
C)some disorders may occur more frequently in women than in men.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 6

Dr.Foster is a Clinical Psychologist who accepts stereotype-based explanations higher instances of certain disorders among women than men.Dr.Foster would probably agree with which of the following?

A)Women's traditional roles create double-binds,contributing to psychological illness.
B)Women and men are influenced by different psychosocial contexts.
C)Women's biology is the cause of many psychological disorders.
D)a and b

Question 7

Some feminist critics of the DSM system suggest _________ affects whether a behavior is considered acceptable from people in a given culture.

A)gender
B)race/ethnicity
C)class (socioeconomic status)
D)All the above are correct.

Question 8

An assault victim does not want to prosecute the offender or be counseled by a professional.If her culture and socioeconomic group are not considered.

A)her range of available options may be underestimated.
B)she is likely to be blamed for her own victimization.
C)her coping strategies may be viewed more positively.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 9

Moodiness and fear are more characteristically stereotyped

A)working class rather than middle class.
B)female rather than male.
C)black rather than white.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 10

In androcentric cultures,women have historically been

A)labeled unreasonable.
B)labeled crazy.
C)blamed for men's mental disorders.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 11

Stereotyped beliefs about psychological illness lead to

A)similar labels being attached to symptoms displayed by women and men.
B)different opinions on severity of the same symptoms for women and men.
C)similar treatment of different symptoms for women and men.
D)a and c

Question 12

The DSM (psychological book of diagnoses)has been revised in part because

A)more mental illnesses are being discovered all the time.
B)the group creating the DSM is actively working to remove sexism.
C)beliefs about what is normal have and continue to change.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 13

Blaming subordinate people in society for their own problems

A)provides them with appropriate responsibility.
B)is unusual in industrialized nations.
C)provides a rationalization or justification for their oppression.
D)a and b

Question 14

Until feminists became involved in psychology research,psychologists routinely

A)ignored mental illness in women.
B)labeled women's behavior disordered when compared to a male standard.
C)ignored mental illness in men.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 15

Symptoms of depression include

A)appetite changes.
B)sleep disruption.
C)fatigue.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 16

People who have power in society

A)do not have the ability to define themselves.
B)are more likely to be punished for engaging in undesirable behavior.
C)decide what is normal,typically in reference to their social group.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 17

The term "normal"

A)is relative.
B)refers exclusively to statistical probability.
C)is always in the context of comparison.
D)is an objective term referring to clinically significant syndromes.

Question 18

Samples employed in research studies on disorders are usually nonrandom and nonrepresentative.In some cases,this means

A)a connection between gender stereotypes and psychological diagnoses.
B)research is being done on samples not including the problem in question.
C)biology is typically strongly related to gender-typed disorders.
D)a and b

Question 19

Until 1973,_______________ was included in the DSM as a mental illness.

A)Self-Defeating Personality Disorder (SDPD)
B)menstruation
C)hysteria
D)homosexuality

Question 20

If a therapist has sexist assumptions about psychological symptoms,then

A)male client's probability of receiving appropriate care decreases.
B)female client's probability of receiving appropriate care increases.
C)any person's probability of receiving appropriate care may either increase or decrease.
D)female client's probability of receiving appropriate care decreases.

Question 21

Progressive women's initial reactions to Freudian ideas were

A)negative because he only wrote about women.
B)positive because he never wrote about women.
C)negative because he wrote about female sexuality.
D)positive because he wrote about female sexuality.

Question 22

Women with bulimia

A)are usually dangerously underweight.
B)are usually dangerously overweight.
C)are usually of normal or above normal weight.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 23

People who have depression may have low levels of the neurotransmitter

A)serotonin.
B)dopamine.
C)GABA.
D)acetylcholine.

Question 24

Women are more likely to be diagnosed with ________________ and men with __________________.

A)borderline personality;antisocial personality
B)schizoid personality;schizotypal personality
C)obsessive-compulsive personality;borderline personality
D)antisocial personality;schizoid personality

Question 25

The standard treatment of nervous disorders in the mid-nineteenth century was the "rest cure," during which the patient was

A)isolated from her family and friends.
B)confined to bed.
C)"punished" for enjoying being ill.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 26

An example of sexist bias related to the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder is

A)the encouragement of women to act "crazy" rather than be angry.
B)ignoring past and or current experiences of sexual,physical or emotional abuse.
C)considering personality traits as enduring patterns of behavior.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 27

In general,hormonal explanations are ________________ in accounting for the gender-related difference in depression.

A)more than adequate
B)never relevant
C)only relevant in women who have a history of bipolar disorder
D)insufficient

Question 28

Women with anorexia have

A)intense fears of gaining weight or becoming fat.
B)body image disturbance.
C)a denial of the seriousness of their current low weight.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 29

The longer lasting kind of depression is called

A)major depressive disorder.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)cyclothymia.
D)dysthymic disorder.

Question 30

The "rest cure," developed by Silas Weir Mitchell,was at one time a standard psychological treatment for

A)women.
B)men and women.
C)the elderly.
D)hysteria and sociopathic disorders.

Question 31

Which of the following syndromes was considered an example of a female disorder?

A)hysteria
B)neurosis
C)traumatic stress syndrome
D)cholera

Question 32

suggests that women's higher rates of ____________ disorders and men's higher rates of ___________ disorders are due to gender socialization.

A)substance abuse;depressive
B)externalizing;internalizing
C)internalizing;externalizing
D)a and b

Question 33

Many women with eating disorders

A)also have depression.
B)also have anxiety.
C)are socially rewarded for their low weight.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 34

suggests women's tendency to dwell on their distress is related to

A)obsessive-compulsive personality traits.
B)hormones.
C)inherited tendencies.
D)their subordinate social status.

Question 35

The disorder once known as hysteria is know called

A)schizophrenia.
B)dysthymic disorder.
C)somatization disorder.
D)antisocial personality disorder.

Question 36

Dwelling on distress rather than actively distracting oneself or seeking out social support is called

A)obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
B)frotteurism.
C)dysthymic disorder.
D)rumination.

Question 37

Recent studies on gender and depression indicate

A)gender-related differences have begun to disappear.
B)girls and women actually experience more negative life events than boys and men.
C)multiple roles contribute to depression for women but not for men.
D)role conflict and role strain are important sources of depression for both women and men.

Question 38

suggests women's higher rates of internalizing disorders and men's higher rates of externalizing disorders are due to

A)substance abuse.
B)inadequate mothering.
C)gender socialization.
D)personality disorders.

Question 39

Social and cultural context can ____________ be used to determine whether a behavior constitutes a "disorder."

A)never
B)rarely
C)sometimes but not always
D)always

Question 40

Which of the following is a problem with the diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?

A)It is a provisional diagnosis listed in the DSM for further study,not an official diagnosis.
B)It may reinforce the stereotype of emotionally unstable premenstrual women.
C)It has not received sufficient support in research literature.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 41

Cite one piece of evidence indicating that gender stereotypes affect clinical diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

Question 42

Outline the sexist biases in the treatment of psychological disorders,including in your discussion Salpêtrière,Charcot and his influence on Freud,Mitchell's rest cure,and reasons for institutionalization in the 19^th century.

Question 43

The extreme sense of detachment or estrangement from oneself

A)dependent personality disorder.
B)derealization.
C)depersonalization.
D)a dissociative fugue.

Question 44

Feminist criticisms of traditional psychotherapy include

A)its neglect of the role of unconscious forces within the mind.
B)its focus on the individual as the source of his or her problems.
C)its focus on social rather than personal change.
D)the fact that most practitioners of traditional psychotherapy are not psychologists.

Question 45

Why is psychological diagnosis so much more problematic than physical diagnosis?

Question 46

A potentially sexist diagnosis in which there exists a pattern of instability in relationships,self-concept,and emotions accompanied by terror at the idea of abandonment is

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)depersonalization disorder.
D)factitious disorder.

Question 47

Fear of being in places from which it could be difficult or embarrassing to escape is called

A)psychosis.
B)sociopathy.
C)agoraphobia.
D)dysthymic disorder.

Question 48

How is depersonalization disorder affected by the objectification of women?

Question 49

What is the problem with diagnoses of borderline and dependent personality disorders in women?

Question 50

One of the novel approaches being used in feminist therapy is

A)considerable disparity in power between the patient and the therapist.
B)exercise therapy.
C)the idea there is a necessary process of adjustment to social conditions.
D)None of the above.

Question 51

What cultural factors do feminists use to explain the epidemic of female psychological disorders during the Victorian era?

Question 52

Many feminist therapists believe men

A)can benefit from feminist therapy in many ways.
B)are the enemy and teach their clients this.
C)can benefit from conforming more closely with the traditional masculine gender role.
D)need to become more independent and assertive.

Question 53

The most powerful feminist criticism of traditional psychotherapy approaches is that it

A)inflates the value of traditional roles.
B)focuses on individual rather than social change.
C)designates feminine sexuality as deviant.
D)underestimates individual women's strengths to overcome illness.

Question 54

How have tranquilizers and sedatives been targeted at women?

Question 55

Repeated,unexpected periods of sudden intense fear or discomfort occur in the context of

A)panic disorder.
B)anorexia nervosa.
C)bulimia nervosa.
D)somatization disorder.

Question 56

Feminist therapists

A)strive for an egalitarian relationship.
B)strive to empower their clients.
C)take into account gender roles and the effects of androcentric society while working with clients.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 57

What is the difference between feminist and nonsexist therapy?

Question 58

Feminist therapy

A)focuses on the social factor of gender while ignoring age,race,ethnicity,and class.
B)is meant to replace therapeutic strategies like cognitive behavioral techniques.
C)focuses primarily on the individual and her "personal" problems.
D)helps women feel empowered and positive about themselves.

Question 59

Provide several examples of sexist prescription patterns and psychiatric diagnoses,including information on how the advertising industry targets women.

Question 60

Feminist therapy

A)is concerned only about women's pathology.
B)relies on using diagnostic labels.
C)tries to help clients' understanding many personal problems result from androcentrism.
D)sees gender as the only site of oppression.

Question 61

How are anxiety,depression,and eating disorders related to the objectification of women? What factors contribute to a woman developing or resisting eating disorders?

Question 62

How will you think differently about "women's diagnoses" like eating disorders,depression,anxiety,and hysteria? In what ways can you use this information to challenge the "crazy woman" stereotype?

Question 63

In what ways can men benefit from feminist therapy?

Question 64

Why are women diagnosed more often than men with depression? Include in your discussion the importance of biological,social,and cultural contributors.

Question 65

Discuss the ways in which psychology has blamed for distress and disorders over the last 200 years.

Question 66

What is hysteria? Why is hysteria a biased diagnosis?

Question 67

AAA

Question 68

Describe factors that can make it difficult for women of color to seek therapy.

Question 69

Provide examples of ways in which the DSM is biased against women.Discuss the social construction of mental illness using previous and current versions of the DSM.