Deck 14: The Future of Health Psychology

Question 1

The Healthy People 2010 project has eliminating health disparities as one of its two overarching goals,and the other is:

A)eliminating tuberculosis
B)increasing the number and quality of years of life
C)reducing breast cancer for Native Americans
D)increasing enrollment for United States citizens into private medical insurance

Answer 1

increasing the number and quality of years of life

Question 2

For cancer and coronary heart disease,_____ is one of the biggest predictors of incidence.

A)weight
B)gender
C)age
D)ethnicity

Answer 2

age

Question 3

An explicit sign that psychology's role in health is gaining in importance is:

A)Congress passed a bill to sanction the biopsychosocial model
B)APA modified its mission to include health promotion
C)many more millions of dollars are allocated to health psychology research
D)membership in Div 38 (health psychology)has tripled in the last 5 years

Answer 3

APA modified its mission to include health promotion

Question 4

In addition to ethnicity,another major form of cultural differences that need to be explicitly addressed relates to:

A)geography
B)gender
C)development
D)language

Question 5

In recent research by Gurung et al.,(2004),social support to cope with depression is a significant for this group of women:

A)Asian American
B)Native American
C)African American
D)European American

Question 6

North America today looks very different from the North American of even 20 years ago.The population is becoming ethnically diverse and:

A)older
B)younger
C)has an age gap,with more younger and more older individuals
D)has a larger population of middle age adults than other age groups

Question 7

One of the major roadblocks to a greater study of culture in health is:

A)the lack of validated assessment in different languages
B)stereotypes and prejudice against other cultures
C)no recognition of the importance of culture
D)too few members of different cultures in the field.

Question 8

Each of the following are examples of health disparities in the United States EXCEPT:

A)infant death rates among African Americans when compared to European Americans
B)rate of death for heart disease of African Americans as compared to European Americans
C)men dying of lung disease due to a higher incidence of smoking when compared to women
D)tuberculosis rates are higher in minority ethnic groups as compared to European Americans

Question 9

Increased longevity affects men and women differently.Women live longer already,so they will:

A)be dealing with chronic but not life-threatening illnesses
B)looking for ways to manage pain
C)looking for ways to manage stress
D)all of these are true

Question 10

The age span where healthy behaviors are consolidated and unhealthy behaviors first become evident is:

A)early childhood
B)middle childhood
C)adolescence
D)middle adulthood

Question 11

In many health psychology studies,ethnicity is treated as a(n)_____ variable,thereby downplaying its importance.

A)moderator
B)mediator
C)independent
D)control

Question 12

Who are the largest consumers of health care?

A)Latinos
B)older adults
C)infants and adolescents
D)Asian Americans

Question 13

The focus of the APA's Division 38 (Health Psychology)"Health Disparities webpage" is:

A)to alert patients of discriminatory practices by health care providers
B)to introduce the key issues in health disparities research and provide resources to further aid research into this topic
C)to post an 800 number to call when patients experience health disparities
D)to encourage readers to write about health disparity experiences so others can learn from them

Question 14

Which of the following reasons does NOT explain why culture is not studied as much in health?

A)Major health psychological theories were developed to cross cultural lines.
B)Early health psychologists aimed for depth of theorizing versus breath.
C)The field has a tendency to focus on individuals out of context.
D)Culture has been seen as important.

Question 15

According to Whitehead,(1992),health disparities are "differences in health that are not only unnecessary and avoidable,but in addition are _____."

A)considered unfair and unjust.
B)purposefully intended
C)based on legal parameters
D)enforced due to cost parameters.

Question 16

Although a relatively new area of psychology,Health Psychology,as a division of the American Psychological Association,has been around for over:

A)10 years
B)15 years
C)25 years
D)50 years

Question 17

Nearly _____ of adolescents that have chronic physical condition that will call for approaches to treatment that are different from those used with adults.

A)10%
B)20%
C)25%
D)30%

Question 18

This statement "the overarching goals are to advance the understanding of
1)the nature and scope of health disparities,and
2)the scientific study of health disparities,from description to interventions,is from:

A)the Healthy People 2010 Project
B)the American Psychological Association Division 38's web page
C)the Office of Minority Health an Health Disparities.
D)the American Medical Society

Question 19

Although the biopsychosocial model is well used,some aspects of it are favored over others.One component of it that is not studied as much is the _____ component.

A)cultural
B)biological
C)psychological
D)social

Question 20

Research on the determinants of health behaviors among older adults will become even more important to complement similar research being conducted on:

A)older adults in non-Western countries
B)younger age groups
C)older adults in Canada.
D)individuals with health disparities

Question 21

According to the textbook,the following were all mentioned as being appropriate for online treatment via behavioral telehealth except:

A)hypnosis
B)smoking cessation
C)weight management
D)consultation services

Question 22

When you combine biological,psychological,and societal research methods,you automatically talk about:

A)the same levels of measurement and research methods
B)different levels of measurement and different research methods
C)the same types of statistical analysis
D)that only one health behavior can influences the incidence or progression of the disease.

Question 23

Studies of patient satisfaction show that up to _____ of the respondents who had used the Internet for health information rates such information between average to excellent (Ayantunde,et al.,2007).

A)30%
B)45%
C)80%
D)95%

Question 24

Given the specific training needed to be well-versed with the different components of the biopsychosocial model,the future of health psychology will rely on:

A)better funding
B)international collaborations
C)multidimensional collaborations
D)new graduate departments

Question 25

Coronary heart disease can be affected by:

A)metabolic rates
B)your ranking in your sibling group
C)whether you live in a cold or warm environment
D)receiving a flu shot

Question 26

One point of evidence-based medical treatment guidelines set by the Official Disability Guidelines (ODG)is to:

A)provide good care while controlling costs by not spending money on treatments that do not work
B)reducing controversy and litigation by setting a reasonable standard of care
C)set hiring standards for human resource managers
D)Both a and b are true.

Question 27

A certain ethnic group may have biological,psychological and social components for a certain disease.Stress from prejudice or discrimination would qualify as:

A)a biological component
B)a psychological component
C)a social component
D)both a psychological and social component

Question 28

Health psychologists must work with different researchers with different areas of expertise to collaborate on research because:

A)grant money is limited,and everyone must be funding conscious
B)one individual is rarely trained in all the necessary areas
C)there are no methodological and technological innovations available for health psychologists,so they must borrow from other groups
D)it is a new field,and they do not have enough experts to lead an all encompassing research team

Question 29

Collaborative research and _____ both fine-tune the biopsychosocial model.

A)medical technology
B)multidimensional approaches
C)psychological theories
D)social scientists

Question 30

King et al.(2007)found that when working with an intervention with older adults to increase physical activity,the intervention was most effective when:

A)it was delivered by a trained human being
B)it was delivered by the spouse
C)it was delivered by the use of the Internet
D)it was delivered by the use of an automated telephone system

Question 31

The ethnic group that use the Internet for health information the most is:

A)non-Latino European Americans
B)Latinas
C)Latinos
D)Puerto Ricans

Question 32

What is one of the benefits of patients accessing personalized health information before even seeing primary care providers?

A)may help patients to reduce treatment-seeing delays
B)may help patients to increase some delays of treatment
C)may save patients money if they learn enough so they do not need to seek the advice of a provider
D)may save patients time if they learn enough so they do not need to seek the advice of provider

Question 33

A new innovation in health psychology is the use of new forms of delivery of services.One such area is:

A)rural outreach
B)behavioral telehealth
C)intercultural consultation
D)multimodal contact

Question 34

Currently,_____ are published per year in Health Psychology,and each review is accompanied by a three- or four-page commentary by a clinical psychologist to aid in the application of the research to clinical practice.

A)one to two
B)three to four
C)five to seven
D)ten to twelve

Question 35

The use of behavioral telehealth is different from conventional health care in that:

A)there is an increase in face-to-face contact with a health care provider
B)it costs less then conventional health care
C)there may be no or little face-to-face contact with a healthcare provider
D)it can not be used for remote locations

Question 36

The biopsychosocial model has served as a guiding principle and has fueled dramatic advances in health psychological research since the:

A)1940s
B)1950s
C)1960s
D)1970s

Question 37

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA),that took place in 2003,includes regulations that allow patients to:

A)get their records from their medical provider at no cost
B)examine their computerized medical records to correct mistakes and seek action against misuse of their records
C)close their records so no providers within the network can look at them
D)None of the above are true.

Question 38

For older adults,the unique needs and problems that they live with may include:

A)decreases in physical mobility
B)decreases in cognitive ability
C)increases in pain
D)all of the above

Question 39

A challenge for health psychologists to face is the increasing role of _____ in health education.

A)Internet
B)iPods
C)iPhone
D)Bluetooth

Question 40

The field of psychology is now taking steps to join research with practice through:

A)Evidence-Based Medicine
B)Evidenced-Based Behavioral Medicine
C)CONSORT guidelines
D)None of the above is true.

Question 41

Behavioral telehealth allows the patients to have face-to-face treatment with their provider.

Question 42

A plan developed by Director Zerhouni,together with more than 300 scientists,that sketches out 28 cross-institutional projects especially designed to track multifaceted issues such as obesity is called:

A)the National Electronic Clinical Trials and Research
B)mind-body medicine
C)the NIH Roadmap
D)the national Institute of Aging

Question 43

Health psychology has demonstrated the ability to designate diverse ethnic groups under specific categories that are able to give recognition to inherent differences.

Question 44

Williams (1995)identified 5 different terms used to refer to the concept of ethnicity.

Question 45

Careers in health psychology include:

A)academic or a medical center
B)governmental agencies
C)rehabilitation centers
D)All of the these

Question 46

Key barriers that prevent interventions from reaching the clinical populations for whom they have been designed do NOT include:

A)researchers not always understanding the clinical applicability of their basic research
B)researchers not being able to locate populations that are willing to be involved in the interventions.
C)a reluctance of clinicians to accept the value of basic research-driven interventions.
D)various institutional-level constraints such as lack of time,training,or funding.

Question 47

8Two new national evidence-based medical treatment guidelines,the Official Disability Guidelines (ODG),and the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM)recommend,and sometimes require that psychological evaluations for patients who need spinal surgery or who have chronic pain.

Question 48

One example of a health disparity in the United States is that infant death rate among African Americans is still more than double that of European Americans.

Question 49

Two advances in medical science have direct implications for the work of health psychologists.They are:

A)HIPAA and Joint Commission regulations
B)living organ and tissue implants and access to genetic tests
C)improved robotic cardiac surgery,and laser (bloodless)surgery
D)telehealth psychotherapy and consultation services

Question 50

An advance in medical science that has direct implications for health psychologists is the increasing use of:

A)living organ and tissue transplants
B)cloning
C)stem cell transplant
D)in vitro fertilization

Question 51

In a recent study by Gurung,et al.(2004),found that ethnicity of African American women did not significantly relate to depression,but rather the depression was due to socioeconomic status-related stressors.

Question 52

A more comprehensive approach to interventions will be one that has _____ different dimensions.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 53

Nicassio et al.(2004),suggest that one of the key barriers preventing interventions from reaching clinical populations is:

A)a limited use of basic research
B)stereotyping and prejudice
C)lack of funding
D)lack of public acceptance

Question 54

In a recent research by Gurung et al,(2004),optimism was found to not be a significant predictor of change in depression for African American women,but was found to be a factor of significant change for the Latina sample.

Question 55

Evidence-Based Behavioral Medicine is an extension of the Evidence-Based Medicine movement that identified the necessity of critically evaluating research to inform clinical practice (Rosenberg & Donald,1995).

Question 56

Training of health psychologists and therapists needs to be enhanced in these areas:

A)cultural competency and awareness of the lifespan issues
B)understanding empirical research and reading statistical results
C)understanding a second language,and possible a third language
D)cultural competency and the biopsychosocial mode.

Question 57

Testing for genetic risk for a chronic illness has what implications?

A)It may be anxiety provoking.
B)It may be too costly.
C)Most people will not change their behavior anyway,so it will be wasting resources.
D)Everyone will want to have the testing done.

Question 58

The American Psychological Association has not started to work towards the issues of racial and ethnic disparities in health access,as this does not currently meet their organizational role.

Question 59

Two advances in medical science have direct implications for the work of health psychologists.First,living organ and tissue transplants are getting more and more common and more effective in treating diseases.Second,more and more individuals now have access to genetic tests that can inform them of possible risks for chronic illnesses.

Question 60

One of the four different dimensions of interventions is:

A)involve longitudinal studies
B)find a willing,participative audience
C)keep the intervention short and simple
D)a focus on risk and health threat across the life span.

Question 61

How do developmental issues in the human lifespan effect health?

Question 62

Even though there is a strong need for academic curricula to be culturally diverse,why has there not been enough cultural research?

Question 63

How does the shortage of information on culture affect health psychology research?

Question 64

How do new technical innovations such as behavioral telehealth and Internet sites help someone who needs health care information? How effective are these technical innovations?

Question 65

What have you learned about health disparities in the United States?