Question 1

The Healthy People 2010 project has eliminating health disparities as one of its two overarching goals,and the other is:

Accepted Answer

The other overarching goal of the Healthy People 2010 project is to increase the number and quality of years of life. This includes improving overall health outcomes, reducing premature deaths, and improving quality of life for all individuals.

Question 2

For cancer and coronary heart disease,_____ is one of the biggest predictors of incidence.

Accepted Answer

Age is one of the most significant predictors of cancer and coronary heart disease incidence. As people age, the risk of developing these conditions increases significantly.

Question 3

An explicit sign that psychology's role in health is gaining in importance is:

Accepted Answer

APA modifying its mission to include health promotion signifies a recognition of the importance of psychology's role in health. While the other options may also indicate increasing importance, B is the best choice as it directly relates to the role of psychology in promoting health.

Question 4

In addition to ethnicity,another major form of cultural differences that need to be explicitly addressed relates to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to ethnicity,another major form of...

Question 5

In recent research by Gurung et al.,(2004),social support to cope with depression is a significant for this group of women:

Accepted Answer

The research conducted by Gurung et al. (2004) specifically focused on African American women and found that social support is significant for coping with depression in this group.

Question 6

North America today looks very different from the North American of even 20 years ago.The population is becoming ethnically diverse and:

Accepted Answer

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the median age in the United States has been increasing steadily over the past few decades, indicating that the population is getting older. Additionally, immigration has led to the growth of ethnically diverse communities, further contributing to demographic changes in North America.

Question 7

One of the major roadblocks to a greater study of culture in health is:

Accepted Answer

The lack of validated assessment in different languages is a major roadblock as it prevents researchers and healthcare providers from accurately understanding and addressing cultural differences that may impact health outcomes. Without validated assessments in various languages, it becomes difficult to gather information and data from diverse cultural groups, which can hinder studies and interventions aimed at improving health equity. Stereotypes, prejudice, and a lack of recognition of cultural importance can also be barriers, but they may not necessarily impede research as much as the lack of validated assessments in various languages. The presence of members from different cultures in the field can actually help improve cultural competency and understanding, rather than hinder it.

Question 8

Each of the following are examples of health disparities in the United States EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes between different groups due to social, demographic, environmental, and economic factors. Choices A, B, and D are examples of health disparities because they illustrate differences in health outcomes based on racial or ethnic groups. Choice C, however, is not an example of a health disparity as described in the context of the question; it is an example of a health difference due to behavioral factors (smoking) between genders, not a disparity caused by systemic or social inequities.

Question 9

Increased longevity affects men and women differently.Women live longer already,so they will:

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are true. As women already live longer than men on average, they will continue to face the challenges of aging and managing chronic illnesses. They may also need to manage pain and stress associated with these conditions.

Question 10

The age span where healthy behaviors are consolidated and unhealthy behaviors first become evident is:

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is a critical period for the consolidation of healthy behaviors and the emergence of unhealthy behaviors. This is due to the significant physical, emotional, and social changes that occur during this time, making it a pivotal stage for establishing patterns that can affect long-term health and well-being.

Question 11

In many health psychology studies,ethnicity is treated as a(n)_____ variable,thereby downplaying its importance.

Accepted Answer

Control variables are used in research to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable, which can lead to downplaying the importance of those controlled factors, such as ethnicity in this context.

Question 12

Who are the largest consumers of health care?

Accepted Answer

Older adults are the largest consumers of health care due to the fact that they typically have more medical needs and chronic conditions than younger age groups. Additionally, as the population ages, the percentage of older adults in the overall population is increasing, leading to a higher demand for health care services.

Question 13

The focus of the APA's Division 38 (Health Psychology)"Health Disparities webpage" is:

Accepted Answer

The webpage's focus is to introduce key issues in health disparities research and provide resources to further aid research into this topic. While the other options may be important considerations, they are not the main focus of this particular webpage.

Question 14

Which of the following reasons does NOT explain why culture is not studied as much in health?

Accepted Answer

Culture has often been overlooked in health studies, not because it is seen as important, but rather because it has been historically undervalued or considered too complex to integrate into existing health models.

Question 15

According to Whitehead,(1992),health disparities are "differences in health that are not only unnecessary and avoidable,but in addition are _____."

Accepted Answer

Health disparities are considered unfair and unjust because they often reflect social, economic, and environmental inequalities that disproportionately affect marginalized and disadvantaged populations. These differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare are not based on merit, but rather on systemic barriers and discrimination.

Question 16

Although a relatively new area of psychology,Health Psychology,as a division of the American Psychological Association,has been around for over:

Accepted Answer

Health Psychology became a division of the American Psychological Association in 1986, which means it has been around for over 25 years.

Question 17

Nearly _____ of adolescents that have chronic physical condition that will call for approaches to treatment that are different from those used with adults.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 20% of adolescents have chronic physical conditions that require different treatment approaches compared to adults.

Question 18

This statement "the overarching goals are to advance the understanding of 
1)the nature and scope of health disparities,and 
2)the scientific study of health disparities,from description to interventions,is from:

Accepted Answer

The statement is from the American Psychological Association Division 38's web page, which focuses on health psychology and addresses health disparities among its key concerns.

Question 19

Although the biopsychosocial model is well used,some aspects of it are favored over others.One component of it that is not studied as much is the _____ component.

Accepted Answer

The social component of the biopsychosocial model is often less emphasized compared to the biological and psychological components, leading to less study and integration in practice.

Question 20

Research on the determinants of health behaviors among older adults will become even more important to complement similar research being conducted on:

Accepted Answer

Understanding health behaviors among older adults is crucial, but it is also important to study younger age groups to identify potential risk factors and interventions that can be implemented earlier in life. This will ultimately lead to better health outcomes in older age. Research on older adults in non-Western countries, older adults in Canada, and individuals with health disparities are also important, but not necessarily more important than studying younger age groups in this context.

Quiz 14: The Future of Health Psychology