Deck 10: Sexuality and the Life Cycle: Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

The type of research method which would give us reliable and probably valid data about childhood sexuality but has NOT been used (to any great extent)is

A)the retrospective interview when the person is old enough to understand.
B)reporting by parents.
C)the prospective interview.
D)systematic observation.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In a comparison of a sample of infants who had good relationships with their mothers and a sample who had problematic relationships,the

A)infants with good maternal relationships were less likely to masturbate.
B)infants with good maternal relationships were more likely to masturbate.
C)infants in both groups were equally likely to masturbate.
D)infants with poor maternal relationships had been sexually abuseD.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

An innovative technique,recently developed in the gathering of data about the sexuality of children,which appears to result in more honest replies is

A)having individuals recall events concerning their childhood.
B)observation of the same children during different periods of their childhood through adolescence.
C)observation of samples of children during different periods of their childhood through adolescence.
D)the use of a 'talking' computer that preserves the confidentiality of the chilD.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Children know what gender they are by age

A)2 months
B)6-8 months
C)1 year
D)2½-3 years

Question 5

___________________ is a normal,natural form of sexual expression during infancy.

A)Coitus
B)Heterosexual play
C)Masturbation
D)Homosexual play

Question 6

Forming a concept of marriage and knowing that a member of the other gender is the 'socially appropriate' marriage partner occurs at around age

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)12

Question 7

Who claimed that even infants engage in sexual behaviour?

A)Freud
B)Masters and Johnson
C)Kinsey
D)Stopes

Question 8

Studies of child and adolescent sexual behaviour have typically used

A)surveys
B)laboratory experiments
C)direct observations
D)historical accounts

Question 9

Infant boys who masturbate

A)do not do it for pleasure.
B)do so as a result of seeing their siblings do so.
C)are capable of ejaculation.
D)are capable of orgasm.

Question 10

Interest in sexuality in terms of genitals,sex play and differences between females and males begins to develop

A)around ages 1-2
B)around ages 3-7
C)during preadolescence (8-12 years)
D)during adolescence

Question 11

The capacity of the human body to show a sexual response

A)is present from birth.
B)begins to develop in the first year of life.
C)primarily surfaces at puberty.
D)really begins to develop only after early sexual experiences.

Question 12

Most of our information about childhood sexual behaviour is based on

A)recalling events by individuals in later life concerning their childhood.
B)observation of the same children during different periods of their childhood through adolescence.
C)observation of different samples of children during different periods of their childhood through adolescence.
D)interviews of children during different periods of childhooD.

Question 13

A child's earliest sex is typically one-person sex,masturbation.One reason for this may be because of a developmental characteristic identified by Piaget as

A)egocentrism
B)autoeroticism
C)conservation
D)reflexivity

Question 14

Some mixed-sex play typically begins by the age of

A)6 months
B)1 year
C)2 years
D)4 years

Question 15

Which one of the following is FALSE?

A)Boys can ejaculate one year before reaching puberty.
B)A six-year-old boy can have an orgasm.
C)Boy babies can be born with an erection.
D)Ultrasound studies show male fetuses have reflex erections.

Question 16

Which of the following is FALSE regarding infant attachment?

A)Cuddling and positive physical contact facilitates it.
B)It begins in the hours after birth.
C)The quality of it affects the person for their life.
D)It is broken if the baby is not immediately held after birth.

Question 17

Some infants are cuddlers and others are noncuddlers.It has been found that cuddlers

A)masturbate more frequently.
B)masturbate less frequently.
C)grow to resist being touched and eventually avoid such situations.
D)enjoy physical contact.

Question 18

Johnny is a three-year-old boy.He

A)knows he wants to play "Doctor".
B)doesn't yet know that he is different from his mother.
C)may be aware of some differences in the genital region of men and women.
D)understands the concept of marriage.

Question 19

Which of the following data collection techniques increase children's confidentiality in responding to questions about their sexuality and seems to allow them to report more sexual experience?

A)face-to-face interviews with a young adult of their same gender
B)talking computer interviews with headphones and a keyboard for responding
C)daily diary reports by parents
D)observing children's behaviours using a hidden webcam

Question 20

When does rhythmic manipulation of the genitals (as is found in adult masturbation)first begin?

A)is present from birth
B)emerges between the ages of 2½ and 3 years
C)emerges at around age 8
D)does not emerge until puberty

Question 21

Preadolescents

A)have gender-segregated social organizations
B)have gender-neutral social organizations
C)do not engage in same-gender sexual behaviour
D)have little interest in other-gender individuals

Question 22

Girls most frequently learn about masturbation by

A)self-discovery.
B)being told by peers.
C)observing siblings doing it.
D)hearing about it from their mothers.

Question 23

Children commonly hear about sexual intercourse during which period?

A)toddlerhood
B)early childhood
C)preadolescence
D)adolescence

Question 24

Same-gender sexual behaviour that occurs during preadolescence

A)typically predicts a homosexual identity in adulthood for boys,but not girls.
B)typically predicts a homosexual identity in adulthood for girls,but not boys.
C)is typically a form of sexual exploration and is a normal part of sexual development.
D)occurs in girl groups more than boy groups.

Question 25

What percentage of male and female adolescents in Canada report having engaged in sexual intercourse in preadolescence?

A)16 and 22
B)5 and 1
C)0 and 5
D)15 and 9

Question 26

Parents report many children touch their genitals,and some masturbate,by the age of 5.According to your text,children at this age learn that

A)many other children also masturbate when they compare 'notes' with friends.
B)most of the other kids 'did it the first time' with another same-sex child present.
C)this is something that they do in private.
D)their parents also masturbate just like they do.

Question 27

When young children engage in sex play with each other,such as "showing" their genitals,it is important to realize that children are primarily motivated by

A)an urge for pleasure.
B)an urge to show off.
C)naughtiness.
D)curiosity.

Question 28

A common experience for young children between the ages of 4 and 7 is to engage in mixed-sex and same-sex sex play such as showing and touching the genitals,playing doctor or house,etc.For most children,this type of play is driven by

A)early sexual desire.
B)curiosity about their bodies and others' bodies.
C)power over another.
D)learning how to be adults.

Question 29

The most common kind of sexual behaviour involving other individuals around ages 4-5 consists of

A)mutual masturbation.
B)exploratory coitus.
C)exhibiting one's own genitals.
D)feeling the genitals of the other sex with the primary motivation being sexual arousal.

Question 30

The majority of Canadians first engage in intercourse between the ages of

A)13 and 15
B)16 and 19
C)20 and 23
D)24 and 26

Question 31

Boys most frequently learn about masturbation by

A)self-discovery.
B)being told by peers.
C)observing siblings doing it.
D)hearing about it from their fathers.

Question 32

Johnny is 5 years old.He woke up late at night from a dream and wandered into his parents' bedroom to ask if he could sleep with them.Johnny's parents were enjoying themselves sexually when Johnny pushed open the door.Johnny saw that his dad was on top of his mom pushing on her and his mom was making noises.Johnny's experience is

A)common amongst children his age and has no damaging permanent impact.
B)damaging to the child's sense of intimacy with his parents.
C)likely to lead Johnny to choose same-sex partners as an adult.
D)a negative experience for Johnny's mental health development.

Question 33

When the adrenal glands mature and stimulate the growth of pubic hair,this is called

A)menarche
B)pubes eruptus
C)follicalization
D)adrenarche

Question 34

Breast buds and the growth of pubic hair typically begin during

A)early childhood
B)childhood
C)preadolescence
D)adolescence

Question 35

Some parents report that their children engaged in interactive sex play by the age of 6,while other parents reported no incidence of interactive sex play.Which of the following is TRUE of the effects of early interactive sex play on development?

A)Children who engage in early interactive sex play were found to have more sex partners by age 17.
B)There were no differences between children who engaged in early interactive sex play and those who did not.
C)By age 17,females who engaged in early interactive sex play were more likely to be pregnant.
D)By age 17,males who engaged in early interactive sex play were more likely to be openly gay.

Question 36

Dating often begins in preadolescence

A)with most of 13 year-olds reporting having a boyfriend or girlfriend.
B)with the majority having steady boyfriends/girlfriends.
C)with the majority reporting going out on dates alone.
D)in the form of inviting a "date" home for dinner.

Question 37

By age 12,about ____ percent of boys report they have masturbated to orgasm.

A)1
B)15
C)40
D)89

Question 38

At what age do children begin to show an interest in "playing doctor?"

A)1-2 years
B)2-3 years
C)4-5 years
D)6-8 years

Question 39

During childhood and preadolescence,sexual play is

A)common between members of the same gender.
B)most common between members of the other gender.
C)balanced about equally between the two genders.
D)no longer occurs.

Question 40

According to your text,parents often teach children as young as 3 to not touch their genitals and parents restrict conversations about sex.As a result,

A)these children turn to sex play and their peers for information about sex.
B)these children gradually lose interest in sexuality until they reach puberty.
C)most children do not engage in sexuality without their parents' permission.
D)children are more open to discussing sexuality with their parents during puberty.

Question 41

During adolescence,boys typically masturbate with a frequency of about _________,whereas girls do so about _________.

A)once a day;once a month
B)once a week;once a week
C)three times a month;once a month
D)twice a week;three times a month

Question 42

Based on research conducted in 2004-2005,what percentage of prime-time TV programs contains sexual material?

A)25%
B)50%
C)70%
D)83%

Question 43

Recent research conducted by Udry concerning the relationship between hormones and sexual activity suggests that the best predictor of whether or not a teenage boy will be sexually active is

A)his involvement in school sports.
B)the amount he spends on clothing.
C)whether or not he has a father at home.
D)his testosterone level.

Question 44

A real increase in sexual interest begins around puberty and continues throughout adolescence.A significant reason for this surge of sexual interest is due to

A)the testosterone level of both boys and girls.
B)the testosterone level boys.
C)the amount of time spent watching TV and in particular,MTV.
D)the presence of fathers in the home for girls,but not boys.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT an influence the media has on adolescent sexuality?

A)using safer sex practices
B)adhering to the heterosexual script
C)negative body image
D)women as seductive and receptive to male sexual advances

Question 46

Canada-made Degrassi and its predecessor Degrassi shows are considered a realistic and positive portrayal of teen sexuality.Which of the following topics has NOT been covered by the Degrassi shows at one time or another?

A)bisexuality
B)abortion
C)transgender identity
D)All of these topics have been covereD.

Question 47

How do trends in child and adolescent masturbation activity compare to what Kinsey found with his research in the '50s and '60s?

A)Trends are exactly the same
B)The general shape of the trend is the same but masturbation starts 2 years earlier
C)The general shape of the trend is the same but males start masturbating about 5 years earlier
D)The trend is the same for males but the female trend now looks more like the male trend

Question 48

In the TV shows the Secret Life of the American Teenager,16 and Pregnant,and Teen Mom,American television programs reinforce which of the following moral value

A)premarital sex is a sin
B)adoption is the best option for teen parents
C)teen pregnancy is beneficial for society
D)abortion is not a viable option for teen parents

Question 49

Which of the following was once believed to cause everything from warts to insanity?

A)fellatio
B)coitus
C)masturbation
D)being gay or lesbian

Question 50

Which one of the following is a DIFFERENCE between Canadian and American television shows with regard to their portrayal of sexual issues?

A)There are no differences between Canadian and American television shows;both portray sexual issues in the same way.
B)Some topics can be introduced into American television shows that would not be considered acceptable by Canadian networks (e.g.,homosexual relationships,teen pregnancy and abortion).
C)Some topics can be introduced into Canadian television shows that would not be considered acceptable by American networks (e.g.,homosexual relationships,teen pregnancy and abortion).
D)There are no differences between Canadian and American television shows;neither portray sexual issues.

Question 51

Physical intimacy increases between preadolescents on dates (from hand holding to kissing to petting to intercourse)at the same time as the couple

A)moves from attending mostly girl parties to attending mostly boy parties.
B)moves from going to see cartoons to going to see action movies.
C)moves from mixed-gender activities to dyadic dating.
D)receives more encouragement from parents.

Question 52

For preadolescent and adolescent boys,the total frequency of masturbating increases _________,and for preadolescent and adolescent girls the total frequency of masturbating increases _________.

A)gradually;rapidly
B)rapidly;gradually
C)gradually;gradually
D)rapidly;rapidly

Question 53

Primary characters on shows like Glee,90210,Degrassi,Will and Grace,Grey's Anatomy,and Modern Family demonstrate

A)increased media representation of gay,lesbian,bisexual,queer,and questioning youth and adults in prime-time TV
B)decreased media representation of heterosexual sexual scripts in prime-time TV
C)status-quo representation of sexuality on prime-time TV
D)that there is no commonality between most shows that adolescents watch on prime-time TV

Question 54

Recent research by Udry concerning the relationship between hormones and sexual activity in adolescence suggests that

A)high levels of male hormones predict sexual activity in boys and high levels of female hormones predict sexual activity in girls.
B)testosterone level is a stronger predictor of sexual activity in boys than in girls.
C)testosterone level does not predict sexual activity in girls.
D)high levels of estrogen and progesterone are related to low levels of sexual activity in both boys and girls.

Question 55

Which of the following is MOST ACCURATE about the mass media's depiction of positive and negative messages of sexuality and sexual health.

A)There are more positive messages about sex and negative ones.
B)There are more negative messages about sex than positive ones.
C)There are about equal number of positive and negative messages about sex.
D)Messages about sex in the media are neutral.

Question 56

Canadian youth in grade 9 ranked ____ as the most important source of information on sexuality,followed by _______,and _______.

A)parents;the internet;friends
B)school;the internet;doctor
C)school;TV;the internet
D)the internet;TV;parents

Question 57

Why do not most lesbian and gay youth not date those they are most attracted to?

A)Their parents will not allow them to.
B)They are in denial about being lesbian or gay.
C)Because of fear of harassment from their peers.
D)Because they feel they are too young to date.

Question 58

What two factors did Udry find predisposed girls to be sexually active?

A)did not regularly attend church/had younger sister
B)their families were not intact/high levels of testosterone
C)young father/high levels of testosterone
D)active in sports/learning disability

Question 59

Study of the relationship between hormones and sexual activity has demonstrated that the hormone most strongly associated with sexual activity in girls is

A)testosterone
B)estrogen
C)progesterone
D)progestin

Question 60

Which one of the following most accurately describes the feelings of adolescents about masturbation?

A)guilt and shame
B)pride for having done it
C)Feelings are mixed due to lingering negative attitudes.
D)Today's adolescents have no feeling about it one way or another;it's a non-issue.

Question 61

According to the National Population Health Survey,immigrants to Canada initiated intercourse at

A)earlier ages than respondents who were born in CanadA.
B)later ages than respondents who were born in Canada.
C)the same ages as respondents who were born in Canada.
D)The National Population Health did not Survey immigrants to Canada.

Question 62

A higher percentage of boys than girls in grade 7 have engaged in sexual behaviours (including open-mouthed kissing and touching below the waist).By grade 11 the percentages are

A)reversed;more girls than boys have engaged in sexual behaviours.
B)approximately equal.
C)the same for kissing,but many more boys have engaged in oral sex.
D)the same for oral sex,but many more boys report engaged in sexual intercourse.

Question 63

Adolescent homosexual encounters tend NOT to take place with

A)younger persons.
B)other adolescents.
C)older teenagers.
D)adults.

Question 64

In Canada,the rate of females engaging in sexual intercourse by the age of 17 has

A)increased gradually since the generation born in 1942-1946.
B)increased suddenly since the generation born in 1957-1961.
C)decreased gradually since the generation born in 1957-1961.
D)stayed the same since the generation born in 1942-1946.

Question 65

indicate that the number of men and women who have engaged in intercourse for the first time by the age of 19 has increased substantially since the 1940s.Today __________ percent of men and __________ percent of women have engaged in intercourse by the age of 19.

A)80;75
B)50;40
C)40;35
D)20;15

Question 66

Most adolescent homosexual behaviour occurs

A)between peers.
B)when an adolescent is seduced by an adult.
C)between girls rather than between boys.
D)spontaneously and has increased tremendously in the last several decades.

Question 67

According to this standard for premarital coitus,which of the following states intercourse outside of marriage is considered wrong for both males and females,regardless of circumstances?

A)permissiveness with affection
B)permissiveness without affection
C)double standard
D)abstinence

Question 68

Teen sex has attracted a great deal of attention and study during the last two decades.Today close to __________ of both male and female students have engaged in intercourse by grade 11.

A)one-fourth
B)one-half
C)three-fourths
D)100 percent

Question 69

There has been ___________ in adolescent homosexual behaviour in recent years.

A)a sharp decrease
B)no increase
C)a moderate increase
D)a sharp increase

Question 70

Which term do the authors of your text suggest is more neutral and inclusive than the term "pre-marital" sex?

A)singletons
B)sweet
C)non-marital
D)partner

Question 71

In order to better understand premarital sexuality,it is necessary to

A)measure the self-image and self-esteem of adolescents.
B)measure the body image and sense of internal or external control the person perceives about him/herself.
C)focus on the couple and the nature of their relationship.
D)focus on what is in the mass media.

Question 72

Which of the following is an example of a sexual script in the introduction of sexual behaviours to adolescent experiences?

A)Mara has her first sexual experience at 14 when she engages in oral-sex
B)Steve has his first experience with oral sex at the age of 15 after having spent many nights making out with his partner,touching above the waist and then below the waist before removing any clothing.
C)Moira has her first experience with French kissing in a passionate embrace with her partner after having engaged in sexual intercourse with other partners in her past.
D)None of these experiences are examples of sexual scripts.

Question 73

The most recent data on the average age of first intercourse suggest that it

A)is experiencing a wide gender gap: men's age is increasing while women's is decreasing.
B)appears to still be decreasing across Canada.
C)appears to be increasing across Canada.
D)has continued to plateau (remain the same)in the last decade.

Question 74

indicate that the decrease in age at first intercourse over the past 30 years has been especially pronounced for

A)men.
B)women.
C)Canadians.
D)minority groups in Canada.

Question 75

Research has found that,compared to adolescents who had not had sexual intercourse,respondents who had sexual intercourse were more likely to

A)have higher education goals.
B)attend religious services on a regular basis.
C)have poorer relationships with their parents.
D)have better mental health.

Question 76

In terms of homosexual behaviour during adolescence,which one is TRUE?

A)Surveys have shown an increase in such behaviour over the last two decades.
B)Participating in such behaviour is a fairly reliable predictor of adult sexual orientation.
C)Girls do not participate in homosexual behaviour until their early twenties.
D)Teenagers have been found to be quite naïve about homosexual behaviour and the social attitudes toward it.

Question 77

Which of the following is TRUE with regards to women's average age of first intercourse across countries?

A)Canada has a much higher median age of first intercourse than do countries in AfricA.
B)Canada has a median age of first intercourse that is similar to,if not lower than,that of African countries.
C)Brazil has a much lower median age of first intercourse than does Canada.
D)Countries across Africa,South America and North America were very different in the median ages at which women first had intercourse.

Question 78

In the last two decades a key development in premarital intercourse has been

A)a decrease in premarital intercourse.
B)a greater increase in the proportion of females participating in premarital intercourse as compared to males.
C)a very large increase in the proportion of males participating in premarital intercourse as compared to females.
D)finding little if any difference between ethnic groups in Canada.

Question 79

Across African,Central American,South American,and North American countries the median age range for first experience of intercourse was

A)10-14
B)12-16
C)16-19
D)10-21

Question 80

In Canada,the rate of males engaging in sexual intercourse by the age of 19 has

A)increased steadily since the generation born in 1952-1956.
B)decreased steadily since the generation born in 1952-1956.
C)stayed about the same since the generation born in 1952-1956.
D)become the same as the rate of males engaging in intercourse by the age of 15.