Deck 10: Water-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

____ cancer causes the most cancer-related deaths among American men and women.

A)Bladder
B)Pancreatic
C)Liver
D)Lung

Answer 1

D

Question 2

B vitamins generally function as _____.

A)parts of coenzymes
B)structural components of body cells
C)hormones
D)neurotransmitters

Answer 2

A

Question 3

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

A)Pantothenic acid,vitamin C,and thiamin
B)Vitamin D,A,and E
C)Thiamin,vitamin K,and niacin
D)Vitamin A,riboflavin,and vitamin C

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

A)Stir-frying in a small amount of oil
B)Boiling in a saucepan of water
C)Steaming in a vegetable steamer
D)Microwaving in little or no water

Question 5

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)Thiamin
B)Pantothenic acid
C)Vitamin B-12
D)Niacin

Question 6

Which of the following vitamins is not added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process?

A)Thiamin
B)Vitamin B-6
C)Folic acid
D)Niacin

Question 7

The human body can absorb some _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

A)vitamin C
B)riboflavin
C)biotin
D)beta-carotene

Question 8

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Niacin
B)Vitamin D
C)Pantothenic acid
D)Vitamin B-6

Question 9

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Choline
B)Thiamin
C)Vitamin D
D)Vitamin B-6

Question 10

The body can store large amounts of _____.

A)thiamin
B)vitamin B-12
C)riboflavin
D)vitamin C

Question 11

A researcher has isolated an organic,water-soluble chemical from roses.After performing in vivo tests,the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells,but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors.Based on this information,the researcher may have discovered a(n)_____.

A)amino acid
B)precursor
C)autoanalyzing agent
D)antioxidant

Question 12

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism?

A)Vitamin K
B)Vitamin A
C)Ascorbic acid
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 13

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

A)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin
B)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E
C)Vitamins K,D,and E
D)Pantothenic acid,vitamin A,and choline

Question 14

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Pantothenic acid
B)Vitamin B-6
C)Riboflavin
D)Vitamin D

Question 15

Which of the following organs is the leading site for cancer deaths among American men and women?

A)Prostate
B)Breast
C)Liver
D)Lung

Question 16

When cooking green beans,Lenny likes to add baking soda to the cooking water,because it keeps the beans from turning olive green.As a result of this practice,Lenny's green beans have _____ than green beans cooked in plain water.

A)more essential amino acids
B)fewer kilocalories
C)less vitamin C
D)greater fatty acid content

Question 17

A medical researcher is investigating the chemical and physical properties of a substance that she isolated from the surface of charcoal-grilled meat.When the scientist mixes a small amount of the substance with living human cells,the chemical causes the rapid breakdown of the cells' plasma membranes.She is able to prevent this reaction by adding vitamin C to the mixture of the substance chemical and cells.Based on this information,the scientist has _____.

A)discovered that vitamin C has pro-oxidant activity in vivo experiments
B)conducted an in vitro experiment under poorly controlled conditions
C)determined that the chemical isolated from charcoal-grilled meat is an oxidant
D)isolated a potential treatment for cancer in charcoal-grilled meat

Question 18

Sonya has a chronic illness,and to treat the condition,she takes an antibiotic every day.Despite her illness,Sonya's diet is nutritionally adequate,and she exercises regularly.Based on this information,Sonya may need to _____.

A)reduce her protein intake
B)take a dietary supplement that contains biotin
C)eat more vitamin C-rich foods
D)consume fewer foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids

Question 19

An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

A)antioxidant
B)enzyme
C)oncogene
D)ion

Question 20

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer.He should _____.

A)reduce his coffee intake
B)reduce his fiber intake
C)drink less water
D)avoid drinking alcohol

Question 21

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?

A)Vegetables
B)Dairy
C)Oils
D)Fruits

Question 22

Ron's diet lacks niacin.He hasn't developed pellagra,because he consumes a high-protein diet that contains plenty of _____,the precursor for niacin.

A)alpha-tocopherol
B)beta-carotene
C)tryptophan
D)alanine

Question 23

Which of the following foods is a good source of thiamin?

A)Milk
B)Enriched bread
C)Cheddar cheese
D)Corn oil

Question 24

Which of the following foods is not a good source of thiamin?

A)Whole milk
B)Pork chops
C)Enriched bread
D)Wheat germ

Question 25

Ronald has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing homocysteine to methionine.His physician may recommend vitamin _____ supplements to help Ronald's body metabolize homocysteine.

A)D
B)A
C)C
D)B-6

Question 26

Becky's 2-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida.To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders,Becky should _____.

A)consume green leafy vegetables,drink orange juice,and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant
B)take pantothenic acid,B-6,and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant
C)take iron,zinc,and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy,then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of the pregnancy
D)eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week,take vitamin A and D supplements,and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy

Question 27

Of the following foods,which is the richest source of riboflavin?

A)Fat-free milk
B)Red delicious apples
C)Tomatoes
D)Corn oil margarine

Question 28

As a result of an inherited metabolic defect,Christopher's cells have difficulty converting homocysteine to _____.

A)cysteine
B)vitamin B-6
C)tryptophan
D)folate

Question 29

Libby wants to have a birthday party for her 5-year old daughter and several of the child's friends.She plans to serve cake,ice cream,and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon.To conserve vitamins in the milk,Libby should _____.

A)store the milk in the refrigerator until serving time
B)heat the milk to the boiling point,and let it cool before serving it
C)add a teaspoon of baking soda and chocolate syrup to it
D)serve the milk in a clear glass container

Question 30

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that _____.

A)transmits nervous impulses
B)metabolizes vitamin E
C)protects fatty acids from oxidation
D)helps form DNA

Question 31

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)Niacin
B)Thiamin
C)Folate
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 32

Which of the following vitamins plays a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)Vitamin C
B)Vitamin K
C)Riboflavin
D)Vitamin A

Question 33

Exposing milk to light can reduce its _____ content.

A)riboflavin
B)vitamin D
C)niacin
D)thiamin

Question 34

Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health.After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class,which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?

A)Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.
B)Megadoses of vitamin B-6 can result in calcification of soft tissues.
C)Vitamin B-6 is the least toxic of the B vitamins.
D)Women who take megadoses of vitamin B-6 are healthier than those who do not take such high doses of vitamin.

Question 35

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of _____.

A)thiamin
B)iron
C)folate
D)vitamin B-12

Question 36

Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high.To lower her cholesterol level,she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement,but she experienced severe facial flushing and liver damage as a result.Based on this information,which vitamin did she take?

A)Riboflavin
B)Vitamin C
C)Niacin
D)B-12

Question 37

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate _____ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.

A)iron
B)vitamin A
C)selenium
D)folate

Question 38

Humans need vitamin B-6 for _____.

A)magnesium absorption
B)amino acid metabolism
C)carbohydrate excretion
D)vitamin C synthesis

Question 39

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin?

A)Grains
B)Fruit
C)Vegetables
D)Oils

Question 40

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome.A few months ago,he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6,when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder.Today,Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady.Based on this information,Sean should _____.

A)continue taking the megadoses of vitamin B-6,because his body needs more time to heal
B)discontinue taking vitamin B-6,because his body does not require the micronutrient
C)increase his vitamin B-6 intake,because the numbness and unsteadiness are signs that the treatment is working
D)stop taking vitamin B-6,because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity

Question 41

Which vitamin is needed to make coenzyme A?

A)Vitamin B-6
B)Vitamin A
C)Pantothenic acid
D)Biotin

Question 42

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

A)Walnuts
B)Whole-wheat bread
C)Lean meats
D)Raw carrots

Question 43

Kevin is a bodybuilder who takes a variety of vitamin supplements.He often has diarrhea,and last week he was diagnosed with a kidney stone.Based on this information,which of his supplements is most likely contributing to his current health problems?

A)Vitamin B-6
B)Thiamin
C)Biotin
D)Vitamin C

Question 44

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?

A)Chicken
B)Papaya
C)Eggs
D)Whole-wheat bread

Question 45

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?

A)Fat-free milk
B)Ground beef
C)Broccoli
D)Whole-wheat bread

Question 46

Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables.She bruises easily,her sores take a long time to heal,and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth.Based on this information,which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet?

A)Pantothenic acid
B)Vitamin B-6
C)Vitamin B-12
D)Vitamin C

Question 47

Charcoal-broiled meats may be a source of _____.

A)vitamin C
B)statins
C)heterocyclic amines
D)dietary fiber

Question 48

____ is a carcinogen.

A)Whole milk
B)Cholesterol
C)White bread
D)Alcohol

Question 49

Vitamin C _____.

A)acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose
B)is needed to form strong collagen
C)can cure night blindness
D)dissolves in the fatty portions of foods

Question 50

Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia.What treatment would her doctor recommend?

A)Vitamin C supplements
B)A vegan diet
C)Iron supplements
D)Vitamin B-12 injections

Question 51

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin C?

A)Fat-free milk
B)Whole-wheat bread
C)White potato
D)Beef steak

Question 52

Marta is a teenager who doesn't eat fruits and vegetables.Her diet consists primarily of chicken,cottage cheese,yogurt,enriched bread,and butter.Furthermore,she doesn't take dietary supplements.Based on this information,Marta has a high risk of developing _____.

A)beriberi
B)pellagra
C)scurvy
D)osteomalacia

Question 53

Blake is a college student whose diet consists primarily of enriched white bread,chicken,meat,cheese,yogurt,and milk.Furthermore,he doesn't take dietary supplements.Based on this information,Blake has a high risk of developing _____.

A)beriberi
B)pellagra
C)neural tube defects
D)scurvy

Question 54

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

A)Whole-wheat bread
B)Apples
C)Peanuts
D)Eggs

Question 55

Routine vitamin C supplementation _____.

A)prevents Alzheimer's disease
B)reduces the risk of kidney stones
C)prevents common colds among the general population
D)may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so

Question 56

Edna is 70 years of age.She is very healthy,and the only medication she takes is a prescription drug that reduces her stomach's acid production.Her diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups.Based on this information,Edna is at risk of developing _____.

A)pernicious anemia
B)cystic fibrosis
C)neural tube defects
D)beriberi

Question 57

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin _____.

A)A
B)B-12
C)C
D)B-6

Question 58

When consumed with certain plant foods,vitamin C enhances the absorption of _____.

A)iron
B)calcium
C)niacin
D)riboflavin

Question 59

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

A)Broccoli
B)Grapefruit juice
C)Whole-wheat crackers
D)Fat-free milk

Question 60

_____ results from lack of intrinsic factor.

A)Pellagra
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Osteomalacia
D)Pernicious anemia

Question 61

Glossitis and cheilosis can be signs of ariboflavinosis.

Question 62

Having excess body fat increases the risk of _____.

A)esophageal cancer
B)cystic fibrosis
C)diverticulosis
D)beriberi

Question 63

Sam wants to lower his risk of cancer.According to scientific studies,consuming ____ may increase his risk of this chronic disease.

A)processed meats
B)citrus fruit
C)brussels sprouts
D)onions

Question 64

Thiamin is part of thiamin pyrophosphate,which is a coenzyme that is involved in removing carbon dioxide molecules from certain compounds.

Question 65

Which of the following practices is associated with an increased risk of cancer?

A)Drinking alcoholic beverages
B)Being physically active
C)Consuming high-fiber diets
D)Eating foods that contain high amounts of folate and vitamin C

Question 66

Alcohol interferes with thiamin absorption from the intestinal tract,which can lead to the development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Question 67

Riboflavin is a component of flavin mononucleotide,a coenzyme that plays a key role in several enzymatic reactions.

Question 68

Riboflavin is a component of flavin adenine dinucleotide,a coenzyme that plays a key role in several enzymatic reactions.

Question 69

Which of the following is not a vitamin-like compound?

A)Biotin
B)Choline
C)Carnitine
D)Inositol

Question 70

The thiamin-deficiency disease is known as _____.

A)Beriberi
B)Ricket
C)Scoliosis
D)Dengue fever

Question 71

Which of the following food items are major dietary sources of carnitine? (Check all that apply. )

Question 72

Geoff wants to lower his risk of cancer.According to scientific studies,consuming ____ may decrease his risk of this chronic disease.

A)broccoli
B)charcoal-grilled meat
C)stick margarine
D)beer

Question 73

Choline is necessary for the formation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine involved in muscle contraction,memory,and learning.

Question 74

Thiamin is a component of flavin mononucleotide,which cells need to synthesize neurotransmitters.

Question 75

Which of the following is not a water-soluble vitamin?

A)Vitamin A
B)Folate
C)Ascorbic Acid
D)Biotin

Question 76

The body can make choline,which is classified as a vitamin-like substance.

Question 77

A carcinogen is any environmental factor such as asbestos,tobacco smoke,radiation,or a virus that triggers cancer.

Question 78

It is not necessary for humans to consume sources of water-soluble vitamins daily,because most of them are stored in the liver.

Question 79

The riboflavin deficiency disease is known as _____.

A)ariboflavinosis
B)anencephaly
C)scoliosis
D)spina bifida

Question 80

Benign tumors are more harmful than the malignant ones.