Deck 11: Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Question 1

The most potent single predictor of an infant's future health status is _____.

A) ​rapidity of the mother's recovery
B) ​the infant's birthweight
C) ​the age at which the infant first learns to walk
D) ​the ease and rapidity of delivery
E) ​the infant's ethnicity

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is a likely complication that obese pregnant women may face?

A) ​hyper-mature baby due to longer gestation
B) ​increased chance for twins
C) ​faster delivery
D) ​a larger-than-normal baby
E) ​a low-birthweight baby

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Research suggests that low-birthweight babies may experience _____.

A) ​a higher adult IQ
B) ​much better eyesight
C) ​tall stature
D) ​greater risk of heart disease and hypertension
E) ​greater risk of psychological problems

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The effects of malnutrition during critical periods in pregnancy _____.

A) ​can be offset by vitamin and mineral supplementation
B) ​are irreversible
C) ​can be remedied later in pregnancy with a nutritious diet
D) ​are not significant
E) ​can be offset by boosting protein and carbohydrate intake

Question 5

Alcohol easily enters breast milk and can adversely affect the production, volume, composition, and ejection of breast milk, as well as overwhelm an infant's immature alcohol-degrading system.

Question 6

A low birthweight baby has a statistically greater chance of contracting diseases and dying early in life.

Question 7

A pregnant woman needs ample carbohydrate intake to _____.

A) ​raise blood glucose levels
B) ​fuel the fetal brain and spare protein needed for fetal growth
C) ​provide adequate protein
D) ​increase glycogen stores in the fetus
E) ​alleviate gastrointestinal distress during the third trimester

Question 8

A man's nutrition usually does not affect his fertility or the genetic contributions he makes to his children.

Question 9

Breastfeeding should not being until one month following birth.​

Question 10

Increasing maternal fluid intake does not increase breast milk volume.

Question 11

Low-carbohydrate diets during pregnancy _____.

A) ​help to prevent excess weight gain for the mother
B) ​may impair brain development in the fetus
C) ​may lead to pre-term labor
D) ​aid in preventing gestational diabetes
E) ​may boost brain development in the fetus

Question 12

Because of the dangers of obesity, an overweight woman should try to gain little or no weight during pregnancy.

Question 13

Improper breastfeeding position is a frequent cause of sore nipples.

Question 14

During pregnancy, food energy needs increase less than nutrient needs. To achieve this balance, food selection should include _____.

A) ​foods of lower nutrient density
B) ​increased portions of vitamin C-rich foods
C) ​use of whole milk and fatty meats
D) ​decreased portions of vitamin C-rich foods
E) ​decreased portions of calcium-rich foods

Question 15

Nutrients and oxygen travel to the developing fetus via _____.

A) ​the placenta
B) ​the amniotic sac
C) ​its lungs
D) ​its intestines
E) ​the uterine wall

Question 16

A pregnant woman's daily energy needs increase by _____ kcalories in the first trimester, ____ kcalories in the second trimester, and _____ kcalories in the third trimester.

A) ​0; 340; 450
B) ​100; 300; 500
C) ​50; 140; 250
D) ​0; 300; 600
E) ​25; 200; 400

Question 17

A nursing woman produces about 100 ounces of milk a day.

Question 18

Babies born to obese women are more likely to be large for gestational age, weighing more than 9 pounds.

Question 19

The RDA for protein during pregnancy is an additional _____ grams per day.

A) ​10
B) ​15
C) ​20
D) ​25
E) ​35

Question 20

A lactating mother should avoid all types of oral contraceptives.

Question 21

An obese women should gain between _____ pounds during pregnancy.

A) ​5 and 7
B) ​11 and 20
C) ​17 and 24
D) ​25 and 35
E) ​35 and 40

Question 22

Which food is not provided by the WIC program?

A) ​milk
B) ​iron-fortified cereal
C) ​granola bars
D) ​eggs
E) ​dried beans

Question 23

For vegetarian women during pregnancy, meeting the recommendation for food energy each day and including generous servings of protein-containing plant foods are _____.

A) ​not as necessary
B) ​imperative
C) ​not a concern
D) ​overrated
E) ​optional

Question 24

If you were to counsel a pregnant woman suffering from "morning" sickness, you might suggest they _____.

A) ​limit the amount of fat in her diet
B) ​take iron supplements on an empty stomach
C) ​limit meals to three a day
D) ​eat the foods she wants when she feels like eating
E) ​only eat a large lunch, because breakfast will likely make her nauseous

Question 25

A low intake of folate increases the likelihood that an infant will be born with a _____.

A) ​deviated septum
B) ​tail or other appendage
C) ​large head
D) ​neural tube defect
E) ​smaller than average heart

Question 26

For a healthy pregnant woman, physicians often recommend _____.

A) ​multivitamin and mineral supplements and weight gain of about 25-35 pounds
B) ​no vitamin or mineral supplements and weight gain of at least 30 pounds
C) ​vitamin C supplements and weight gain of about 20 pounds
D) ​multivitamin and mineral supplements and weight gain of no more than 20 pounds
E) ​as much weight gain as possible to supply the energy needs of the developing fetus

Question 27

An increased requirement for _____ during pregnancy is related to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells.

A) ​calcium and vitamin K
B) ​vitamin E and vitamin C
C) ​folate and vitamin B₁₂
D) ​protein and calcium
E) ​vitamin C and calcium

Question 28

Which nutrients are typically found in greater quantities in prenatal supplements compared to regular vitamin/mineral supplements?

A) ​sodium, potassium, chloride
B) ​thiamin, niacin, riboflavin
C) ​folate, iron, calcium
D) ​folate, vitamin B₁₂, vitamin A
E) ​folate, calcium, magnesium

Question 29

Examine the following menu for a pregnant woman:
​
According to the recommended food intake for pregnancy, what is wrong with this menu?

A) ​it lacks adequate meat and milk, and offers too much starch
B) ​it lacks vegetables and fruits, especially a vitamin A-rich variety, and lacks adequate milk
C) ​it lacks adequate meat, milk, and fruits and vegetables
D) ​it lacks vegetables and fruits, especially a vitamin A-rich variety, and offers too much starch
E) ​it lacks milk, fruits and vegetables, and offers too much starch

Question 30

Jane does not eat many fruits and vegetables and she dislikes dairy products. To increase her folate and calcium intake, you would recommend that she consume plenty of _____.

A) ​yogurt
B) ​calcium-fortified orange juice
C) ​calcium-fortified cheese
D) ​enriched grains
E) ​calcium-fortified milk

Question 31

Nora, who is pregnant, awakens at 2:00 a.m. craving pickles and chocolate sauce. The craving probably indicates that she _____.
A)m. craving pickles and chocolate sauce. The craving probably indicates that she _____.

A) ​drank too much coffee last night
B) ​drank too much alcohol last night
C) ​needs some nutrients that are found in pickles and chocolate sauce
D) ​is experiencing hormone-induced changes in taste

Question 32

The developing brain of a fetus contains substantial amounts of lipid material and depends on _____ for proper development and function.

A) ​long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
B) ​monounsaturated fatty acids
C) ​cholesterol
D) ​medium-chain fatty acids
E) ​saturated fats

Question 33

Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a greater risk of _____.

A) ​preterm delivery
B) ​excessive weight gain
C) ​inadequate weight gain
D) ​gestational diabetes
E) ​macular degeneration

Question 34

Women who develop gestational diabetes have a greater risk of developing _____ later in life.

A) ​heart disease
B) ​type 2 diabetes
C) ​gastrointestinal problems
D) ​osteoporosis
E) ​hyponatremia

Question 35

What are some benefits of physical activity during pregnancy?

A) ​It improves the overall fitness of the fetus.
B) ​It prevents or manages type 1 diabetes.
C) ​It prevents early onset vitamin D deficiency.
D) ​It may result in fewer discomforts during pregnancy.
E) ​It promotes an earlier delivery.

Question 36

Pregnant women who are vegans do not eat any animal products; therefore, these women should get their protein from _____.

A) ​protein supplements
B) ​high-protein smoothies
C) ​legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and tofu
D) ​milk, yogurt, and cheese
E) ​eggs, nuts, and whole milk

Question 37

In early pregnancy, intestinal absorption of _____ doubles, which is stored in the mother's bones.

A) ​phosphorus
B) ​vitamin C
C) ​vitamin D
D) calcium
E) hydroxyapatite

Question 38

If a woman gains 30 pounds during pregnancy, the net amount of body fat she gains is about _____.

A) ​1 pound
B) ​7 pounds
C) ​10 pounds
D) ​15 pounds
E) ​20 pounds

Question 39

Most pregnant women need iron supplements because _____.

A) ​their RDA for iron is twice that of non-pregnant women
B) ​the body does not conserve iron well during pregnancy
C) ​iron supplements are better absorbed than iron from food
D) ​their iron reserves are generally not high
E) iron does not occur in regular food​

Question 40

The requirement for folate during pregnancy increases from 400 micrograms per day to _____ micrograms per day.

A) ​450
B) ​500
C) ​600
D) ​800
E) ​900

Question 41

A woman who has an active, infectious case of _____ should not breastfeed.

A) ​angioplasty
B) ​the common cold
C) ​lupus
D) ​tuberculosis
E) ​sarcopenia

Question 42

The warning signs of preeclampsia include _____.

A) ​low blood iron and ketonuria
B) ​glucosuria and hyperactivity
C) ​hypertension and proteinuria
D) ​diabetes and ketonuria
E) ​low blood iron and edema

Question 43

Infants who are _____ experience a wide array of health problems-poor growth, hearing impairment, vomiting, breathing difficulties, and even unexplained death.

A) ​"smoked and smothered"
B) ​"smoked out"
C) ​"smoked over"
D) ​"smoked under"
E) ​"smoking guns"

Question 44

The adverse effects of cigarette smoking by pregnant women include _____.

A) ​gestational diabetes
B) ​inability to breastfeed
C) ​nicotine resistance
D) ​slowed growth in the fetus
E) ​excessive maternal weight gain

Question 45

In which situation should a mother refrain from breastfeeding?

A) ​use of birth control pills
B) ​an ordinary cold
C) ​drug addiction
D) ​moderate coffee consumption
E) ​a vegan diet

Question 46

How many trimesters is a pregnancy cycle divided into?

A) ​one
B) ​two
C) ​three
D) ​four
E) ​five

Question 47

Practices that should be avoided during pregnancy include _____.

A) ​smoking cigarettes and consuming alcohol
B) ​smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol, and consuming caffeine
C) ​consuming alcohol only
D) ​smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol, exercise, and consuming fat
E) ​smoking cigarettes only

Question 48

In which year was infant mortality the highest?

A) ​1915
B) ​1960
C) ​1980
D) 2010
E) 2020

Question 49

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Dietetic Association support exclusive breastfeeding until an infant is _____ months old.

A) ​3
B) ​6
C) ​9
D) ​12
E) ​15

Question 50

If a lactating woman's diet is poor, her milk _____.

A) ​volume will be normal but the nutrient quality will be poor
B) ​will be thin and watery
C) ​quality will be maintained at the expense of maternal stores
D) ​will contain toxic products
E) ​quality will diminish exponentially over time

Question 51

The most common cause of maternal mortality in developed countries is _____.

A) ​gestational hypertension
B) ​eclampsia
C) ​gestational diabetes
D) ​preeclampsia
E) ​chronic hypertension

Question 52

Alcohol easily enters breast milk and can adversely affect the _____ of breast milk.

A) ​production, volume, composition, and ejection
B) ​production, ejection, and quality
C) ​production, volume, and contraindication
D) ​production, quality, and quantity
E) ​production, elimination, and expression

Question 53

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Dietetic Association recommend that infants breastfeed with complementary foods for the first _____ months of life.

A) ​3
B) ​4
C) ​6
D) ​12
E) ​15

Question 54

To meet her increased energy needs, a breastfeeding woman is advised to consume an extra _____ kcalories per day until her infant is 6 months old.

A) ​230
B) ​330
C) ​430
D) ​530
E) ​630

Question 55

What is an adverse effect of smoking during lactation?​

A) ​excess milk production
B) ​type 2 diabetes
C) ​high weight gain in the baby
D) ​lower fat content in breast milk
E) ​higher fat content in breast milk

Question 56

Because of concern about mercury contamination, pregnant women are advised to avoid _____.

A) ​king mackerel
B) ​shrimp
C) ​catfish
D) ​flounder
E) ​clams

Question 57

Herbal supplements during pregnancy _____.

A) ​are generally considered safe
B) ​do not need to be discussed with the physician since they can be purchased over the counter
C) ​are not recommended due to lack of evidence about their safety and effectiveness
D) ​are recommended for relieving nausea
E) ​can only be prescribed by a doctor

Question 58

Alcohol concentration in breast milk peaks within _____ after ingestion of even moderate amounts.

A) ​one-half hour
B) ​one hour
C) ​twenty minutes
D) ​ten minutes
E) ​just two minutes

Question 59

The _____ surrounds and cradles the fetus, cushioning it with fluids.

A) ​amniotic sac
B) ​cervix
C) ​placenta
D) ​blastocyst
E) ​umbilical cord

Question 60

A man's nutrition may affect his _____ and possibly the genetic contributions he makes to his children.

A) ​fermentation
B) ​flocculation
C) ​fertility
D) ​fidelity
E) ​functionality

Question 61

The developing infant from 8 weeks after conception until its birth is called a(n) _____.

A) ​fetus
B) ​embryo
C) ​ovum
D) blastocyst
E) ​lanugo

Question 62

Matching
a. an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen
b. a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death
c. in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy
d. one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement
e. the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
f. a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
g. a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
h. the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
i. a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
j. a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
k. the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
l. the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
m. an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
n. the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
o. high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
p. the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
q. the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
r. the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people
gestational diabetes

Question 63

Women of limited financial means may eat diets too low in _____, iron, vitamins A and C, and protein.

A) ​copper
B) ​phosphorus
C) ​calcium
D) ​magnesium
E) ​selenium

Question 64

Milk is forced to the front of the breast when an infant begins to nurse. This is called the _____.

A) ​rooting reflex
B) ​rooting reflex
C) ​infant grasp
D) ​letdown reflex
E) ​pumping reflex

Question 65

Matching
a. an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen
b. a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death
c. in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy
d. one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement
e. the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
f. a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
g. a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
h. the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
i. a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
j. a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
k. the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
l. the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
m. an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
n. the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
o. high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
p. the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
q. the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
r. the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people
environmental tobacco smoke

Question 66

Matching
a. an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen
b. a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death
c. in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy
d. one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement
e. the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
f. a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
g. a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
h. the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
i. a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
j. a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
k. the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
l. the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
m. an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
n. the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
o. high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
p. the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
q. the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
r. the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people
blastocyst

Question 67

The developing infant from 2 to 8 weeks after conception is called a(n) _____.

A) ​fetus
B) ​embryo
C) ​ovum
D) ​blastocyst
E) ​lanugo

Question 68

The ideal time for the first breastfeeding is _____.

A) ​immediately after delivery
B) one hour after delivery​
C) ​four hours after delivery
D) the next day after delivery​
E) ​three days after delivery

Question 69

Matching
a. an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen
b. a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death
c. in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy
d. one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement
e. the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
f. a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
g. a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
h. the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
i. a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
j. a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
k. the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
l. the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
m. an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
n. the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
o. high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
p. the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
q. the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
r. the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people
anencephaly

Question 70

Matching
a. an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen
b. a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death
c. in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy
d. one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement
e. the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
f. a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
g. a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
h. the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
i. a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
j. a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
k. the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
l. the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
m. an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
n. the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
o. high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
p. the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
q. the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
r. the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Question 71

An increase in blood supply to the placenta can result in about _____ of increased weight during pregnancy.

A) ​four grams
B) ​one-half pounds
C) ​three pounds
D) ​four ounces
E) ​four pounds

Question 72

Matching
a. an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen
b. a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death
c. in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy
d. one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement
e. the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
f. a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
g. a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
h. the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
i. a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
j. a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
k. the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
l. the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
m. an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
n. the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
o. high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
p. the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
q. the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
r. the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people
fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 73

How long should the infant be encouraged to nurse on each breast?

A) ​two to four minutes
B) ​four to eight minutes
C) ​until the infant has obtained half of the appropriate amount of milk
D) ​as long as the infant wishes
E) ​until the breast is depleted of milk

Question 74

A major deterrent to breastfeeding is _____.

A) ​fear and social anxiety
B) ​the medical community's failure to encourage breastfeeding
C) ​the difficulty in breastfeeding for working mothers
D) ​post-partum depression
E) ​the anti-breastfeeding stance of the Dairy Farmers of America

Question 75

To encourage breastfeeding, maternity facilities would be wise to adopt which of these policies?

A) ​Give artificial nipples or pacifiers to breastfeeding infants.
B) ​Help mothers initiate breastfeeding as early as one week after birth.
C) ​Train all health care staff in the skills necessary to implement the breastfeeding policy.
D) ​Force mothers to breastfeed their infants even when they are asleep.
E) ​Keep babies in the nursery until feeding time to allow new mothers to rest.

Question 76

Mothers should breastfeed their infants _____.

A) ​on demand
B) ​every four hours
C) ​as soon as she can feel that the milk has been replenished
D) ​no more than 5 times in a 24 hour period
E) ​every 30 minutes

Question 77

Matching
a. an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen
b. a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death
c. in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy
d. one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement
e. the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
f. a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
g. a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
h. the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
i. a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
j. a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
k. the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
l. the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
m. an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
n. the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
o. high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
p. the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
q. the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
r. the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people
eclampsia

Question 78

A surgical childbirth, in which the infant is taken through an incision in the woman's abdomen is called a(n) _____.

A) ​collateral excision
B) ​ectopic extraction
C) ​cutaway birth
D) ​cesarean section
E) ​critical period

Question 79

Matching
a. an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen
b. a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death
c. in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy
d. one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement
e. the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
f. a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
g. a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
h. the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
i. a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
j. a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
k. the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
l. the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
m. an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
n. the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
o. high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
p. the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
q. the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
r. the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people
chronic hypertension

Question 80

In the United States, about _____ of infants are still breastfeeding at one year of age.

A) ​10%
B) ​25%
C) ​35%
D) ​50%
E) ​60%