Deck 14: Pharmacologic Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease

Question 1

Preventive measures to reduce the number of hospital-acquired pneumonia include which of the following? I.Patient precautions to reduce aspiration
II)Health care worker hand washing
III)Vaccines against particular infections

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I,II,and III

Answer 1

I,II,and III

Question 2

You are called to the emergency room to evaluate an otherwise healthy 18-year-old female whose chief complaints are fever,malaise,and difficulty breathing.As you enter the room,the physician informs you that he suspects community-acquired pneumonia.The most likely causative agent would be:

A)Legionella
B)Chlamydia
C)H.influenzae
D)S.pneumoniae

Answer 2

Chlamydia

Question 3

Which of the following is the reason empiric antibiotic therapy is prescribed in children with otitis media?

A)It is not possible to culture the middle ear to identify the organism.
B)Fever suggests the need for immediate antibiotic therapy without identification of the organism.
C)There is no need to be concerned about increased drug resistance in children.
D)Without antibiotic therapy,the infection will not resolve.

Answer 3

It is not possible to culture the middle ear to identify the organism.

Question 4

Respiratory therapists who are caring for mechanically ventilated patients can reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia by practicing all except which of the following measures?

A)Preventing cross-contamination through hand washing
B)Appropriately cleaning and processing respiratory devices
C)Performing 24-hour ventilator circuit changes
D)Taking precautions to prevent the patient from aspirating

Question 5

Sinusitis caused by S.pneumoniae that does not respond to amoxicillin after 72 hours should be treated with which of the following?

A)Ciprofloxacin
B)Cefaclor
C)Ofloxacin
D)Clarithromycin

Question 6

Which of the following antibiotics becomes inactivated by pulmonary surfactant and should not be used for the treatment of pneumonia?

A)Daptomycin
B)Amoxicillin
C)Erythromycin
D)Penicillin

Question 7

Routine administration of antibiotics should be avoided in all except which of the following?

A)Acute bronchitis
B)Acute otitis media
C)Bronchiolitis
D)Community-acquired pneumonia

Question 8

Which of the following agents is indicated for the treatment of a severe lower respiratory tract infection such as bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

A)Ribavirin
B)Zidovudine
C)Pentamidine
D)Oxymetazoline

Question 9

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)is a common causative agent in which of the following conditions? I.Bronchiolitis
II)Bronchitis
III)Pharyngitis

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I,II,and III

Question 10

The patients who are at highest risk for acquiring health care-associated pneumonia are those who:

A)Are immunosuppressed.
B)Have underlying cardiopulmonary disease.
C)Are receiving mechanical ventilation.
D)Have undergone thoracic or abdominal surgery.

Question 11

The device used to administer ribavirin as an aerosolized agent is:

A)Aerodyne.
B)A SPAG unit.
C)Respirgard II.
D)An ultrasonic nebulizer.

Question 12

Pneumonias that are acquired due to inhalation of contaminated aerosols are most often contaminated with all except which of the following?

A)Legionella spiritensis
B)Aspergillus spiritensis
C)Respiratory syncytial virus
D)Influenza virus

Question 13

Patients who are allergic to penicillin may have a cross-allergenicity with which of the following?

A)Tetracycline
B)Cephalosporins
C)Macrolides
D)Clarithromycin

Question 14

Empiric treatment of otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a 2-year-old child may include which of the following?

A)Tetracycline
B)Quinolone
C)Rifampin
D)Amoxicillin

Question 15

The drug of choice for treatment of pharyngitis caused by group A streptococcus is which of following?

A)Vancomycin
B)Erythromycin
C)Penicillin
D)Levofloxacin

Question 16

Which of the following aerosolized agents can be used for the treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

A)Ribavirin
B)Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
C)Pentamidine
D)Clindamycin

Question 17

The diagnostic test that gives immediate results to identify group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in patients with pharyngitis is:

A)Culture and sensitivity.
B)ELISA.
C)Rapid antigen detection.
D)The Ziehl-Neelsen stain.

Question 18

A patient presents with pneumonia caused by S.pneumoniae.The recommended antimicrobial treatment may include all except which of the following?

A)Erythromycin
B)Doxycycline
C)Levofloxacin
D)Penicillin

Question 19

The preferred antibiotic therapy against H.influenzae type B for the treatment of epiglottitis includes all except which of the following?

A)Clindamycin
B)Cefuroxime
C)Cefotaxime
D)Ceftriaxone

Question 20

Aerosolized antimicrobials are indicated with all except which of the following?

A)Severe RSV infections
B)Exacerbation of COPD
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Question 21

A patient who has been mechanically ventilated in the ICU for 2 weeks following thoracic surgery is diagnosed with health care-associated pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to routine treatment.The recommended drug therapy is:

A)Erythromycin.
B)Fluoroquinolone.
C)Aminoglycosides.
D)Vancomycin. TRUE/FALSE
Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

Question 22

______ 4.The first-line treatment for acute sinusitis is the administration of cephalosporin.

Question 23

______ 9.Inhalation of anthrax spores is treated with doxycycline and streptomycin.

Question 24

______ 7.Vancomycin is reserved for resistant or severe infections and is not prescribed for routine antimicrobial treatment.

Question 25

An ________________ provides culture results from a facility's laboratory,including types of organisms,number of strains,and a comparison of the most effective antibiotics.

Question 26

______ 1.Empiric treatment refers to the administration of antibiotic therapy after the organism causing infection has been identified.

Question 27

______ 2.Antibiotics are not effective treatment against infections caused by viruses.

Question 28

______ 5.Treatment of bronchiolitis with ribavirin should be reserved for severely ill patients with serious underlying disorders.

Question 29

The first-line therapy used to treat otitis media in children over the age of 3 is _______________.

Question 30

The increased colonization and subsequent high incidence of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia is found in all except which of the following conditions?

A)In patients within the community setting
B)In patients treated with antimicrobials
C)In patients with endotracheal tubes
D)In patients with underlying chronic conditions

Question 31

Aspiration pneumonia that is not treated with antibiotics is:

A)Pneumonia due to exposure to stomach acid.
B)Community-acquired aspiration pneumonia from gram-positive anaerobes.
C)Hospital-acquired aspiration pneumonia from a gram-negative pathogen.
D)Pneumonia caused by aspiration of oropharyngeal organisms.

Question 32

Therapy that is begun before identifying the pathogenic organism is referred to as _______________ therapy.

Question 33

______ 6.The first-line empiric antibiotic choice for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia is penicillin.

Question 34

Drug treatment for TB includes combination therapy using all except which of the following antimicrobials?

A)Isoniazid
B)Pentamidine
C)Rifampin
D)Streptomycin

Question 35

Why might patients with cystic fibrosis receive a combination of antibiotics at one time during the course of their disease?

A)Prophylactic treatment with combination therapy slows the progression of lung disease.
B)These patients commonly have multiple bacterial isolates with different antibiotic sensitivities.
C)The organisms involved are difficult to identify.
D)The organisms involved are drug resistant and only respond to combination therapy.

Question 36

______ 10.Aerosolized delivery of antimicrobial agents is an effective alternative to systemic delivery for pulmonary infections.
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement.

Question 37

______ 3.The intravenous route of administration for antibiotic therapy usually results in higher blood levels of the antibiotic than the oral route.

Question 38

______ 8.Treatment for tuberculosis consists of combination drug therapy for 2 consecutive months.

Question 39

Antibiotics that should be avoided in children are ________________ and ________________.

Question 40

Overuse of antibiotics that leads to an increase in organisms that do not respond to therapy is referred to as ________________.

Question 41

Avian influenza can be treated only with ________________ care.

Question 42

Antimicrobial regimens for sinusitis should continue _______________days after signs and symptoms improve.

Question 43

Why is aspiration pneumonia that is acquired in the community setting treated with different antibiotic agents than aspiration pneumonia that is acquired while hospitalized?

Question 44

Intravenous pentamidine is used in the treatment of_________________ .

Question 45

In choosing antibiotic treatment,what factors should be considered after the causative organism has been identified?

Question 46

What are the causative agents for croup and how is it treated?

Question 47

Patients who develop pneumonia after aspiration while in the community setting can be treated with an antibiotic effective against ________________.

Question 48

Drugs used in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis include ________________.

Question 49

Of what should a typical tuberculosis treatment regimen consist?

Question 50

The preferred pharmacologic treatment for epiglottitis caused by H.influenzae type B is ________________.

Question 51

Patients who are allergic to penicillin should not be prescribed ________________ antibiotics.

Question 52

_______________ is used as preventive therapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 53

Patients who develop health care-associated pneumonia require antibiotics to cover _______________ pathogens.

Question 54

What are the risk factors for acquiring nosocomial bacterial pneumonia?

Question 55

A limiting factor in aerosol antibiotic administration for cystic fibrosis is ________________.