Deck 4: The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Question 1

The division of the nervous system that connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body is the __________ system.

A)peripheral nervous
B)endocrine
C)central nervous
D)secondary nervous

Answer 1

peripheral nervous

Question 2

All nerve cells and fibers that are NOT in the brain or spinal cord make up the __________ nervous system.

A)central
B)peripheral
C)autonomic
D)sympathetic

Answer 2

peripheral

Question 3

The deer waits motionlessly,hidden in the thicket as the band of hunters approach.As they get closer,their dogs bark,picking up the scent of their prey.In a futile effort to escape,the deer bolts.Which of the following most accurately describes the nervous system of the hunted deer at this point:

A)Its sympathetic nerve fibers are more active than its parasympathetic nerve fibers
B)Its parasympathetic nerve fibers are more active than its sympathetic nerve fibers
C)Both its sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers are equally active
D)Neither it sympathetic nor its parasympathetic nerve fibers are aroused

Answer 3

Its sympathetic nerve fibers are more active than its parasympathetic nerve fibers

Question 4

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for:

A)controlling the skeletal muscles.
B)sending sensory input to the brain.
C)making choices and decisions.
D)the activity of internal organs and glands.

Question 5

The process of digesting your last snack or meal or the unconscious regulation of your breathing are all primarily rooted in the __________ nervous system.

A)autonomic
B)limbic
C)somatic
D)secondary

Question 6

The FIRST division of the nervous system consists of the:

A)central and peripheral nervous systems.
B)brain and spinal cord.
C)somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
D)sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question 7

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts.These are termed the __________ nervous systems.

A)ascending and descending
B)frontal and temporal
C)left and right
D)parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 8

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions make up the:

A)motor cortex.
B)endocrine system.
C)autonomic nervous system.
D)neocortex.

Question 9

A young woman returns from a day at the beach to find she has developed a severe sunburn.Which neurons are sending the messages from her burned skin to her brain informing her of the pain from the burn?

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)synaptic neurons
D)association neurons

Question 10

Neurons whose primary purpose is to carry messages from the spinal cord or the brain to the muscles and glands are called __________.

A)afferent neurons
B)active neurons
C)efferent neurons
D)interneurons

Question 11

Calm is to aroused as _______ is to _______.

A)parasympathetic; sympathetic
B)autonomic; motor
C)sympathetic; parasympathetic
D)central; peripheral

Question 12

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for quick action in an emergency is the __________ division.

A)central
B)secondary
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Question 13

The nervous system is comprised of two major parts: __________.

A)the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
B)the afferent nervous system and the efferent nervous system
C)the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
D)the brain and the spinal cord

Question 14

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are divisions of the _______ system.

A)central
B)parasympathetic
C)peripheral
D)sympathetic

Question 15

The nervous system called the "fight or flight" system is the _______ system.

A)central
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)sympathetic

Question 16

The system that relays messages in the form of electrochemical impulses throughout the body is called __________.

A)the arousal system
B)the nervous system
C)the limbic system
D)the endocrine system

Question 17

It's midnight,and you are alone in your room studying.You hear a loud crash outside your room,and your whole body reacts instantly and furiously.The system that produces these reactions is the ________ system.

A)central nervous
B)sympathetic nervous
C)parasympathetic nervous
D)limbic

Question 18

The part of the nervous system that allows the brain to regulate digestion,heart rate,and respiration without our conscious attention is the:

A)autonomic nervous system.
B)central nervous system.
C)somatic nervous system.
D)spinal cord.

Question 19

The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: __________.

A)central and peripheral
B)receptors and effectors
C)sympathetic and parasympathetic
D)limbic and endocrine

Question 20

One evening Betty was walking to the dorm from the gym when she was stopped by two men who demanded her money.Since she was a good athlete,Betty decided to make a run for it.Pretending to open her purse,she suddenly turned and dashed off.Although pursued,Betty outran her assailants.During this incident,which part of Betty's nervous system was most directly responsible for her successful escape?

A)midbrain
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)forebrain
D)sympathetic nervous system

Question 21

What kinds of neurons are connected to receptor cells in the skin,muscles,and joints?

A)peripheral neurons
B)interneurons
C)sensory neurons
D)motor neurons

Question 22

Calm is to aroused as _______ is to _______.

A)parasympathetic; sympathetic
B)autonomic; motor
C)sympathetic; parasympathetic
D)central; peripheral

Question 23

The basic message-carrying cells of the nervous system are labeled:

A)dendrites.
B)neurons.
C)nerves.
D)ganglia.

Question 24

A long structure leaving the cell body that action potential travel along is called the __________.

A)cell membrane
B)dendrite
C)axon
D)myelin sheath

Question 25

The two major divisions of the central nervous system are:

A)left and right hemispheres.
B)the brain and autonomic systems.
C)brain and spinal cord.
D)peripheral and autonomic systems.

Question 26

The cell body is enclosed by the

A)axon
B)dendrite
C)cell membrane
D)myelin sheath

Question 27

The three parts of every neuron are:

A)myelin; glia; cell body.
B)dendrite; cell body; axon.
C)glia; dendrite; axon.
D)myelin; cell body; dendrite.

Question 28

A nerve impulse from one neuron affects the activity of a neighboring neuron at a point of interaction called the:

A)corpuscle.
B)synapse.
C)transmission cleft.
D)neuronal junction.

Question 29

Neurons are:

A)cells in the brain that are believed to help clean and feed brain cells.
B)cells that send and receive information.
C)bundles of nerves.
D)chemical transmitters found in the hypothalamus.

Question 30

The small gap between adjacent neurons is the:

A)glia.
B)myelin sheath.
C)synaptic cleft.
D)terminal.

Question 31

Axons:

A)receive/detect neural impulses.
B)carry messages away from a cell body.
C)secrete chemicals to lubricate the cell body.
D)are found in the cell body.

Question 32

When the sympathetic nervous system assumes control of the involuntary bodily processes during a stressful situation,which of the following changes is likely to occur?

A)digestion stops
B)less blood is pumped to muscles
C)air passages become smaller
D)sweat glands are less active

Question 33

The part of the neuron that carries outgoing messages either to another neuron or to a muscle or gland is the

A)myelin sheath
B)axon
C)dendrite
D)cell body

Question 34

The nervous system is comprised of two parts: ________.

A)the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
B)the afferent nervous system and the efferent nervous system
C)the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
D)the brain and the spinal cord

Question 35

Physiological psychologists study __________.

A)human mental and physical growth from the prenatal period through childhood,adolescence,adulthood,and old age
B)the biological basis for human behavior.
C)the differences among individuals in such traits as anxiety,sociability,self-esteem,the need for achievement,and aggressiveness
D)how people influence one another

Question 36

The myelin sheath:

A)is a fatty substance protecting the dendrites.
B)helps to speed up neural messages within the cell.
C)is found in all neurons.
D)protects the cell's vesicles.

Question 37

The central nervous system consists of the __________.

A)parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
B)brain and the spinal cord
C)muscles and glands
D)sense organs and sensory neurons

Question 38

The short fibers which extend from the neurons allowing it to receive messages from other neurons are

A)axons
B)dendrites
C)nerve bundles
D)synapses

Question 39

The neural impulse traveling down the axon is _______; it gets across the synapse by _______.

A)electrical; remaining electrical but changing from positively charged to negatively charged.
B)electrical; remaining electrical but changing from negatively charged to positively charged.
C)electrical; being changed into a chemical message.
D)chemical; being changed into an electrical message.

Question 40

Which of the following most directly controls bodily reflexes?

A)peripheral nervous system
B)brainstem
C)spinal cord
D)hindbrain

Question 41

The myelin sheath:

A)is a special substance protecting the dendrites.
B)helps to speed up transmission of neural messages.
C)is responsible for polarization.
D)all of the above

Question 42

Most axon terminals contain a number of tiny oval sacs called __________.

A)synaptic vesicles
B)synaptic knobs
C)neurotransmitters
D)receptor sites

Question 43

The smallest unit in the nervous system is the _________.

A)dendrite
B)neuron
C)axon
D)myelin sheath

Question 44

Neural messages travel faster on axons which

A)are polarized.
B)are not exposed to acetylcholine (ACh).
C)are located in the hypothalamus.
D)have a myelin sheath.

Question 45

Axons

A)may be up to a quarter of a mile long.
B)carry messages away from a cell body.
C)are primarily responsible for the hypothalamic functions of regulation and motivation of sexual functions.
D)are contained within the cell nucleus.

Question 46

The entire area composed of the axon terminal of one neuron,the synaptic cleft,and the dendrite,or cell body of the next neuron is called the _________.

A)synaptic vesicle
B)synaptic knob
C)synaptic space
D)synapse

Question 47

Assume that you are testing a split-brain human subject whose language center is in his left hemisphere.If you place a house key into his left hand,he will:

A)not be able to later select the object he was holding from a group of various objects.
B)not be able to tell you what object he is presently holding.
C)immediately be able to tell you what he is holding.
D)be able to tell you what he is presently holding if allowed to think about it for several seconds.

Question 48

Our brain contains between 10 and 100 billion __________.

A)neurons
B)types of chemical transmitters
C)types of motor transmitters
D)catecholamines

Question 49

Dr.Chapin has just finished a delicate brain operation.He turns to a group of interns and says,"She probably lost about 1000 ___________,but since she still has over 100 billion left,she should recover nicely." Dr.Chapin was most likely referring to

A)parts of the brain.
B)neurons.
C)pituitary glands.
D)speech and language areas.

Question 50

Dendrites

A)may be up to a quarter of a mile long.
B)carry messages to cell bodies.
C)are primarily responsible for the hypothalamic functions of regulation and motivation of sexual functions.
D)are contained within the cell nucleus.

Question 51

The cell which underlies the activity of the entire nervous system is the _________.

A)transmitter cell
B)amoeba
C)neuron
D)carcinoma

Question 52

A synapse is most important in:

A)separating the medulla from the hindbrain.
B)regulating the parasympathetic nervous system.
C)the process of transmitting messages between neurons.
D)connecting the basal ganglia.

Question 53

The part of the neuron that carries outgoing messages either to another neuron or to a muscle or gland is the _________.

A)myelin sheath
B)axon
C)dendrite
D)cell body

Question 54

When a neural impulse reaches the end of an axon,it causes the tiny oval sacs at the end of the axon to release chemicals called __________.

A)effectors
B)neurotransmitters
C)stimulants
D)ions

Question 55

Specialized cells in the brain which send and receive information are called:

A)limbic cells.
B)neurons.
C)ganglia
D)gonads.

Question 56

There are approximately _________ neurons in the brain of an average human being.

A)100 thousand
B)100 million
C)100 billion
D)100 trillion

Question 57

The short fibers which extend from the neuron allowing it to receive messages from other neurons are __________.

A)axons
B)dendrites
C)nerve bundles
D)cell membranes

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT true of all neurotransmitters?

A)They are chemicals.
B)They are stored in synaptic vesicles.
C)They are released across the synaptic space.
D)They increase the likelihood that the next neuron will fire.

Question 59

The purpose of the myelin sheath is to _________.

A)provide a place for respiration and metabolism to occur
B)carry messages from the spinal cord to the brain
C)insulate the neuron so it can act more efficiently
D)receive messages from outside the neuron and carry them to the cell nucleus

Question 60

The tiny space between the axon terminal and the dendrites of another neuron is called the __________.

A)synaptic vesicle
B)synaptic knob
C)synaptic cleft or gap
D)synapse

Question 61

Endocrine glands are glands that secrete __________.

A)excitory neurotransmitters
B)inhibitory neurotransmitters
C)hormones
D)enzymes

Question 62

Hank has been overweight since childhood.He diets frequently and can lose weight but always seems to gain it back,because he is unable to control his eating.Hank may have a problem with his:

A)catecholamine level.
B)thyroid gland.
C)pituitary gland.
D)limbic system.

Question 63

An emergency room physician must treat a patient who has recently eaten a can of tainted mushrooms.Suspecting botulism,the physician must treat the woman in order to:

A)prevent the breakdown of catecholamines in the patient's nervous system.
B)prevent the botulism toxin from blocking the release of acetylcholine.
C)prevent the toxin from breaking down the acetylcholine in the patient's nervous system.
D)prevent the botulism from blocking the release of catecholamines.

Question 64

The pituitary gland is controlled by the:

A)brainstem.
B)hypothalamus.
C)reticular formation.
D)spinal cord.

Question 65

Nodes of Ranvier are:

A)specialized synapses.
B)gaps in the myelin sheath.
C)functional divisions of the brain produced by the central,lateral,and longitudinal fissures.
D)none of the above

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT a part of the endocrine system?

A)thyroid
B)pons
C)pituitary
D)pancreas

Question 67

The thyroid and pituitary glands are part of our _________ system.

A)motor
B)glandular
C)limbic
D)endocrine

Question 68

An emergency room physician must quickly treat a patient who has been bitten by a black widow spider.The physician knows she must:

A)prevent the buildup of acetylcholine in the patient's nervous system.
B)prevent the buildup of catecholamines in the patient's nervous system.
C)prevent the breakdown of catecholamines in the patient's nervous system.
D)prevent the reabsorption of acetylcholine in the patient's nervous system.

Question 69

The glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream are called

A)lymph glands
B)exocrine glands
C)hippocampal glands
D)endocrine glands

Question 70

The myelin sheath _______.

A)is a fatty substance protecting the dendrites
B)helps to speed up neural messages within the cell
C)is found in all neurons
D)protects the cell's vesicles

Question 71

Jeff is 13 years old and he has recently noticed some remarkable changes in himself.Over the past few months his voice has started to change,growing deeper.He has begun to grow pubic hair,as well as the beginnings of a facial beard.He is also filling out,with his muscles developing rapidly.These changes in Jeff are probably due to the action of _____________.

A)gonads
B)thyroid gland
C)pineal gland
D)adrenal gland

Question 72

The thyroid and pituitary glands are parts of the _______ system.

A)gonad
B)endocrine
C)steroid
D)lymphatic

Question 73

Mendel postulated the existence of:

A)genes
B)chromosomes
C)hormones
D)DNA

Question 74

The glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream are called __________.

A)lymph glands
B)exocrine glands
C)hippocampal glands
D)endocrine glands

Question 75

Chemical substances released by the endocrine glands to help regulate bodily functions are __________.

A)enzymes
B)neurotransmitters
C)antigens
D)hormones

Question 76

Axons _______.

A)receive/detect neural impulses
B)carry messages away from a cell body
C)secrete chemicals to lubricate the cell body
D)are found in the cell body

Question 77

The pea-sized gland that is stimulated by light and helps regulate activity levels over the course of a day is the

A)adrenal
B)pituitary
C)pineal
D)thyroid

Question 78

The limbic system is responsible for ___________.

A)filtering incoming messages to the brain
B)connecting the brain to most of the rest of the body
C)fighting disease organisms that attempt to infect the brain
D)controlling learning and emotional behavior

Question 79

The endocrine system is made up of

A)special centers which control our language functions.
B)neurons which transmit electrically charged messages.
C)glands which release hormones into the bloodstream.
D)none of the above

Question 80

The __________ system is made up of glands which release hormones into the bloodstream.

A)motor
B)endocrine
C)limbic
D)autonomic