Question 1

The division of the nervous system that connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body is the __________ system.

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord, to the rest of the body. It includes all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, such as the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and autonomic nerves. The PNS is responsible for transmitting information between the CNS and the limbs, organs, and other body parts. The endocrine system is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate various physiological functions, but it does not connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and does not include the nerves that connect to the peripheral parts of the body. There is no secondary nervous system.

Question 2

All nerve cells and fibers that are NOT in the brain or spinal cord make up the __________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system comprises all nerve cells and fibers that are not in the brain or spinal cord. The autonomic and sympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system, and the central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord.

Question 3

The deer waits motionlessly,hidden in the thicket as the band of hunters approach.As they get closer,their dogs bark,picking up the scent of their prey.In a futile effort to escape,the deer bolts.Which of the following most accurately describes the nervous system of the hunted deer at this point:

Accepted Answer

The hunted deer is experiencing a "fight or flight" response, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. The release of adrenaline and the activation of the sympathetic nerves prepare the deer to either fight off the threat or flee from it. Therefore, the sympathetic nerve fibers are more active than the parasympathetic nerve fibers.

Question 4

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for:

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating the activity of internal organs and glands. It controls functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing, which are not under conscious control. A is incorrect because the somatic nervous system controls the skeletal muscles. B is incorrect because the sensory nervous system sends sensory input to the brain. C is incorrect because decision-making is a function of the brain's higher-level cognitive processes, not the autonomic nervous system.

Question 5

The process of digesting your last snack or meal or the unconscious regulation of your breathing are all primarily rooted in the __________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system controls the involuntary functions of the body such as digestion and breathing, while the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements. The limbic system is involved in emotions and behavior. Secondary nervous system is not a valid category.

Question 6

The FIRST division of the nervous system consists of the:

Accepted Answer

The first division of the nervous system is into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 7

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts.These are termed the __________ nervous systems.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system, which have opposite effects on various organs and functions in the body. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, while the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response. Therefore, the correct answer is D) parasympathetic and sympathetic.

Question 8

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions make up the:

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions are both part of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates the body's involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion. The motor cortex is responsible for voluntary movement, the endocrine system is responsible for hormone regulation, and the neocortex is the outer layer of the brain involved in conscious thought.

Question 9

A young woman returns from a day at the beach to find she has developed a severe sunburn.Which neurons are sending the messages from her burned skin to her brain informing her of the pain from the burn?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are responsible for detecting and transmitting sensory information, such as pain, from the skin to the brain. In this scenario, the sensory neurons in the burned skin are sending messages to the woman's brain to inform her of the pain from the sunburn. Motor neurons are responsible for transmitting messages from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, synaptic neurons transmit messages between neurons, and association neurons integrate information from sensory neurons and transmit it to motor neurons.

Question 10

Neurons whose primary purpose is to carry messages from the spinal cord or the brain to the muscles and glands are called __________.

Accepted Answer

Efferent neurons carry messages from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands, allowing for movement and bodily responses. Afferent neurons, on the other hand, carry sensory information towards the central nervous system. Active neurons and interneurons are not specific types of neurons but rather could refer to any neuron that is currently firing or involved in information processing within the nervous system.

Question 11

Calm is to aroused as _______ is to _______.

Accepted Answer

Calmness is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system, whereas arousal is associated with the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 12

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for quick action in an emergency is the __________ division.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for quick action in an emergency. It is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, dilating the pupils, and redirecting blood flow to muscles to prepare the body for action.

Question 13

The nervous system is comprised of two major parts: __________.

Accepted Answer

The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which includes all the other nerves in the body. Option B only refers to subdivisions of the efferent nervous system, option C only refers to subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, and option D is only the anatomical parts of the central nervous system.

Question 14

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are divisions of the _______ system.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are both part of the peripheral nervous system, which consists of all the nervous tissue outside of the brain and spinal cord. The central nervous system refers specifically to the brain and spinal cord. The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 15

The nervous system called the "fight or flight" system is the _______ system.

Accepted Answer

The "fight or flight" response is part of the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for action in response to a perceived threat or danger. The other options (central, parasympathetic, somatic) do not directly relate to the "fight or flight" response.

Question 16

The system that relays messages in the form of electrochemical impulses throughout the body is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The nervous system is responsible for relaying messages in the form of electrochemical impulses throughout the body. The arousal system refers to the parts of the brain that control wakefulness and sleep. The limbic system is associated with emotions and memory. The endocrine system is responsible for producing and secreting hormones.

Question 17

It's midnight,and you are alone in your room studying.You hear a loud crash outside your room,and your whole body reacts instantly and furiously.The system that produces these reactions is the ________ system.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, which is a rapid bodily response to a perceived threat or danger. The loud crash outside the room likely triggered this response, leading to the body's rapid and intense reaction. The central nervous system is responsible for controlling and coordinating all bodily functions, while the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for "rest and digest" functions. The limbic system is a group of structures in the brain involved in emotion, memory, and motivation, among other functions, but it does not directly produce bodily reactions to external stimuli.

Question 18

The part of the nervous system that allows the brain to regulate digestion,heart rate,and respiration without our conscious attention is the:

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions such as digestion, heart rate, and respiration. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for processing and integrating sensory information. The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements and sensory information. The spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system and is responsible for transmitting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 19

The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: __________.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system has two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic. These two divisions work together to regulate the body's internal environment and respond to changes in external stimuli. The sympathetic division prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses, while the parasympathetic division promotes rest and relaxation.

Question 20

One evening Betty was walking to the dorm from the gym when she was stopped by two men who demanded her money.Since she was a good athlete,Betty decided to make a run for it.Pretending to open her purse,she suddenly turned and dashed off.Although pursued,Betty outran her assailants.During this incident,which part of Betty's nervous system was most directly responsible for her successful escape?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight or flight response, which includes increased heart rate, breathing, and muscle tension. In Betty's case, her successful escape can be attributed to the activation of her sympathetic nervous system, which allowed her to run faster and outmaneuver her assailants.

Quiz 4: The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self