Deck 9: Regulation and Emotion: Self-Determination Theory

Question 1

In an experiment summarized in the textbook, young children were asked to draw with markers under one of three conditions: expected reward, unexpected reward, or no reward for using the markers. In which condition did children use the markers the least?

A) Unexpected reward
B) Expected reward
C) No reward
D) There were no significant differences between any of the groups.

Answer 1

Expected reward

Question 2

In the overjustification effect, an activity initially has intrinsic interest, but if ____________ factors are made more salient, such as by giving a reward, then people will discount their own intrinsic reasons for doing the behavior.

A) less obvious
B) supervision
C) extrinsic
D) more important

Answer 2

extrinsic

Question 3

Strategies that help individuals develop and express their own self are autonomy supportive; the opposite of autonomy support is

A) punishment.
B) unsupportive.
C) criticism.
D) control.

Answer 3

control.

Question 4

Personality theorists refer to the connection between choice and behavior as locus of _______________.

A) causality
B) choice
C) determination
D) power

Question 5

A reward that is experienced as controlling will undermine intrinsic interest, but one that is experienced as ______________ will increase feelings of competence and not undermine intrinsic interest.

A) salient
B) encouraging
C) orientating
D) informational

Question 6

Some schools go to great lengths to structure a school day for students. They tell children where to be at a given time, how long to be there, and what they are to do while they are there. In additio,n they give them a large number of rules. From the perspective of self-determination theory, this type of structure will

A) help a child to develop autonomy.
B) hinder a child's development of his or her need for autonomy.
C) help a child develop their relatedness.
D) hinder a child's development of his or her need for relatedness.

Question 7

For Rotter, _______________ describes the connection between behavior and outcomes.

A) determination
B) autonomy
C) causality
D) locus of control

Question 8

The textbook summarizes an experiment in which children were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. The following instructions were given to which experimental group? "I know that sometimes it's really fun to just slop the paint around, but here the materials and room need to be kept nice for the other children who will use them."

A) Autonomy supportive limits
B) Controlling limits
C) Autonomy controlling limits
D) Control

Question 9

Rotter defines an individual with a(n) _____________ locus of control as one who believes that what happens to her/him is the result of chance, luck, fate, or other people.

A) passive
B) internal
C) external
D) fated

Question 10

According toe self-determination theory, each of the following is one of the three basic and universal psychological needs

A) Autonomy.
B) Relatedness.
C) Competence.
D) Security.

Question 11

When we are ______________ motivated we act on the basis of our own desires and choices and tend to behave in ways that we find satisfying.

A) classically
B) operantly
C) extrinsically
D) intrinsically

Question 12

The textbook states that an important part of satisfying the need for competence is working on tasks that are

A) easy.
B) very difficult.
C) optimally challenging.
D) maximally challenging.

Question 13

As defined by Csikszentmihalyi, flow is an experience marked by

A) dreaming.
B) complete absorption.
C) heightened fear.
D) enlightenment.

Question 14

Synonyms mentioned in the textbook for "flow" include all of the following

A) ecstasy.
B) in the zone.
C) deep enjoyment.
D) mindfulness.

Question 15

You have been asked to design a program for a school to increase the likelihood that children will continue to read on their own after school and during holidays. The program you design will focus on

A) a clear set of goals for each age group.
B) a competition between sexes at each age group.
C) a website where each child can see only his or her list of books read and future books to read.
D) rewards based on the number of books read over the holidays.

Question 16

According to the __________________ theory of Deci and Ryan, there is a big difference between engaging in an activity because of extrinsic reasons and engaging in the same activity for intrinsic reasons.

A) psychodynamic
B) self-determination
C) psych-motivation
D) Tae Bo

Question 17

According to Csikszentmihalyi, engagement in tasks that have a clear set of goals, that require appropriate responses, give immediate feedback, and in which people are operating at their maximum capacity can lead to a positive state called

A) ecstasy.
B) flow.
C) self actualization.
D) grove.

Question 18

Self-determination theory is grounded in the _______________ tradition which emphasizes responsibility, growth, and the actualizing tendency.

A) humanistic
B) transpersonal
C) trait
D) psychodynamic

Question 19

Carl Rogers developed the idea that individuals are active organisms designed to grow and develop. He suggested that almost everyone operates according to the ___________ tendency, or the motive to bring about growth and positive change.

A) self-fulfilling
B) actualizing
C) humanizing
D) growth

Question 20

According to the textbook one way to support autonomy is by providing

A) freedom.
B) choice.
C) direction.
D) criticism.

Question 21

People may understand the contingency between their behavior and some outcomes and are able to control their behaviors (locus of ________), but they may not want or feel free to engage in those behaviors (locus of _________).

A) fate; determination
B) determination; fate
C) causality; control
D) control; causality

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a causality orientation included in your textbook?

A) autonomous
B) extrinsic
C) controlled
D) impersonal

Question 23

The textbook suggests that people develop a _____________ orientation when some degree of their needs for competence and relatedness are satisfied, not their need for autonomy.

A) controlled
B) personal
C) impersonal
D) autonomous

Question 24

You find your current work very boring and meaningless, but you work hard at it, in part, because you provide yourself with little rewards. If you get a job done you will buy yourself a pastry that you particularly like. You are currently involved in ______________ regulation.

A) external
B) introjected
C) intrinsic
D) integrated

Question 25

Regular tooth brushing is not inherently enjoyable, but you do it every day. You are involved in ___________ regulation.

A) goal-directed
B) rationalized
C) intrinsic
D) integrated

Question 26

By definition, people with a(an) ______________ orientation approach situations through amotivation, detachment, and apathy. They believe there is little they can do to attain a desired outcome.

A) apathetic
B) impersonal
C) controlled
D) disoriented

Question 27

People differ in their _________ orientations, or typical ways of self-regulating.

A) causality
B) self
C) personal
D) integrity

Question 28

You are working at a job that is very boring but you are saving a good deal of your salary so you can go back to school and finish your degree. This will allow you to find work in a field that you very much enjoy. You are currently involved in ________________ regulation.

A) identified
B) external
C) introjected
D) fantasy

Question 29

As an elementary school teacher, you would like to foster autonomy in your students' writing. Your best course of action would be to provide a(n)

A) very clear set of expectations and topics from which students can choose.
B) assignment that asks students to write about a topic that is important to them.
C) assignment based on topics drawn from the curriculum for your class.
D) assignment that allows students to choose their own topic, limiting only length and format.

Question 30

According to the textbook a(n) ___________ orientation develops from consistently having all three needs thwarted.

A) controlled
B) depressed
C) impersonal
D) helpless

Question 31

You find your current work very boring and meaningless, but you work hard at it because of the paycheck. You are currently involved in ________________ regulation.

A) external
B) internal
C) introjected
D) corporate

Question 32

The opposite of autonomy can be either ___________ or defiance.

A) slavery
B) compliance
C) conformity
D) resignation

Question 33

According to Bandura, self-efficacy beliefs derive from four sources of information. All of the following are among those sources

A) collective experience.
B) personal experience.
C) vicarious experience.
D) social persuasion.

Question 34

The textbook suggests that being _____________ means adjusting our own behavior and attitudes somewhere along the continuum of motivation depending on the situation and activity.

A) self-regulated
B) self-mastered
C) independent
D) self-actualized

Question 35

According to Bandura, there are two parts to self-efficacy beliefs: efficacy expectations and ____________ expectations.

A) autonomy
B) ego
C) result
D) outcome

Question 36

The textbook associates four types of regulation with extrinsic motivation including all of the following

A) external regulation.
B) introjected regulation.
C) integrated regulation.
D) non-regulation.

Question 37

According to Bandura, ___________ is the belief that one can be competent and effective at some activity.

A) self-belief
B) self-autonomy
C) self-efficacy
D) ego-strength

Question 38

A state of having no motivation is called

A) antimotivation.
B) amotivation.
C) lack of motivation.
D) extrinsic motivatin.

Question 39

A major U.S. investment banking firm used path analysis to investigate workers' self-determination and found that __________________ in their work environment had a direct impact on the satisfaction of their needs.

A) significant rewards
B) perceived supportiveness
C) clear performance evaluation
D) modern, clear surroundings

Question 40

Research on self-determination theory often uses a statistical technique called

A) analysis of variance.
B) correlation.
C) meta-analysis.
D) path analysis.

Question 41

According to self-determination theory, there are three basic and universal psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and _______________.

Question 42

The study of soccer coaching in Spain found that self-regulated motivation

A) decreased players' enjoyment of the game if they had a loosing season.
B) increased players' enjoyment of the game.
C) decreased intrinsic motivation.
D) increased internal motivation if they had a winning season.

Question 43

The experiment summarized in the textbook on block puzzles and college students suggested that participants who were pressured to win (e.g., "Winning is the only thing that matters") felt

A) more control/dominance.
B) more self satisfaction.
C) lowered extrinsic motivation.
D) less intrinsic motivation.

Question 44

Carl Rogers suggested that humans are naturally motivated to bring about their own growth and positive change and called this the __________ tendency.

Question 45

Locus of ___________ describes the connection between behavior and outcomes.

Question 46

Csikszentmihalyi has defined ________ as an experience marked by complete absorption, deep enjoyment, intense concentration, and an almost altered state.

Question 47

According to self-determination theory, when we are _________ motivated we are acting because of rewards or punishments and we may not even enjoy the activity.

Question 48

Researchers and practitioners have applied the principles of self-determination theory to help patients take better care of themselves. The research on dental care found that the intervention called _____________ increased dental self care and reduced the rate of future dental problems.

A) knowledge
B) reward
C) autonomy support
D) fear

Question 49

Research suggests that an important part of satisfying the need for competence is working at tasks that are neither too hard nor too easy but that are ______________ challenging.

Question 50

The opposite of autonomy is compliance or __________.

Question 51

Which item from the Sport Motivation Scale, "Why do you practice your sport?" is associated with identified regulation?

A) "For the excitement I feel when I am really involved in the activity."
B) "For the prestige of being an athlete."
C) "Because it is one of the best ways I have chosen to develop other aspects of myself."
D) "Because I must do sports to feel good about myself."

Question 52

Which basic human need is fostered through clear expectations, contingencies, and feedback?

Question 53

The undermining of intrinsic interest through the introduction of extrinsic reward is also known as the _________________ effect.

Question 54

Self-determination theory is grounded in the ______________ tradition, which emphasizes responsibility, growth, and the actualization tendency.

Question 55

Which need is facilitated by giving choices, using minimal pressure, encouraging initiative, and supporting the individual's choices?

Question 56

Reward that is experienced as _______________ may increase feelings of competence and not undermine intrinsic interest.

Question 57

The study of gymnasts summarized in the textbook suggested that self-determined motivation was negatively correlated with

A) boredom.
B) enjoyment.
C) injury.
D) practice time.

Question 58

If our needs are not met in a context that fails to provide either involvement, structure, or autonomy support, we will not feel motivated. Instead of engaging in the activities of the enterprise we may feel __________.

A) depressed
B) disaffection
C) angst
D) controlled

Question 59

The textbook presents a number of suggestions for creating autonomous motivation in a work setting, including all of the following

A) Actively listen and acknowledge employee perspectives.
B) Maximize rewards based on goal achievement.
C) Offer choices within structure.
D) As open ended questions and invite participation in problem solving.

Question 60

Personality psychologists refer to the connection between choice and behavior as locus of __________.

Question 61

Being in a state with no motivation whatsoever is called ___________.

Question 62

Discuss the theory that explains the overjustification effect.

Question 63

Discuss Csikszentmihalyi's concept of flow.

Question 64

___________ regulation is experienced as just as controlling as external regulation we act as our own controlling agents using guilt, anxiety, etc.

Question 65

Discuss the concept of "optimally challenging" as presented in the textbook.

Question 66

__________ regulation is that in which we accept an activity as personally meaningful, perhaps for some greater goal which is more important than hassles involved in the task at hand.

Question 67

Briefly describe one thing that could be done in a school to foster each of the three psychological needs posited by self-determination theory.

Question 68

According to the textbook, what does it mean to be "self-regulated?"

Question 69

Based on the principles presented in the textbook, design a sports training program for young children that would likely increase self-regulation and enjoyment of physical activity.

Question 70

Summarize the three types of causality orientations presented in the textbook.

Question 71

A research method used to test how variables affect each other in self-determination theory is a statistical technique called ___________ ______________.

Question 72

Research summarized in the textbook suggests that participants in a block puzzle contest who were pressured into winning felt less ______ motivation than participants who were not pressured to win.

Question 73

The textbook defines ______________ as the belief that one can be competent and effective at some activity.

Question 74

The textbook suggests that people differ in their _______ orientations, or their typical ways of self-regulating.

Question 75

Discuss the humanistic roots of self-determination theory.

Question 76

Discuss Bandura's concept of self-efficacy and its relationship to self-determination theory.