Deck 8: Foundations of Individual Behaviour

Question 1

Define job satisfaction.

Answer 1

Job satisfaction refers to an employee's general attitude towards his or her job.Although job satisfaction is an attitude rather than a behaviour,it's an outcome that concerns many managers because satisfied employees are more likely to show up for work,have higher levels of performance and stay with an organisation.

Question 2

The ________ component of attitude is based on emotions.

A)cognitive
B)behavioural
C)affective
D)psychological

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Describe the focus and goals of organisational behaviour that are covered in this chapter.

Answer 3

Organisational behaviour is a field of study that is concerned specifically with the actions of people at work.This chapter focuses primarily on two areas of organisational behaviour: individual behaviour and group behaviour.
Individual behaviour includes topics such as attitudes,personality,perception,learning and motivation.Group behaviour includes norms,roles,team building,leadership and conflict.Organisational behaviour also examines organisational aspects including structure,culture and human resource policies and practices.
The goals of organisational behaviour are to explain,predict and influence behaviour.Managers need to be able to explain why employees engage in some behaviours rather than others,predict how employees will respond to various actions the manager might take,and influence how employees behave.

Question 4

One of the challenges in understanding organisational behaviour is that it addresses issues that are obvious.

Question 5

Define employee productivity.

Question 6

Of the six behaviours that managers focus on,which behaviour typically increases recruitment costs?

A)Employee turnover.
B)Absenteeism.
C)Workplace misbehaviour.
D)Organisational citizenship behaviour.

Question 7

Which of the following are the goals of organisational behaviour (OB)?

A)To control and influence behaviour.
B)To explain,monitor and control behaviour.
C)To monitor and reward changed behaviour.
D)To explain,predict and influence behaviour.

Question 8

The three elements that make up an attitude are its ________ components.

A)cognitive,functional and affective
B)affective,effective and defective
C)cognitive,affective and behavioural
D)behavioural,cognitive and self esteem

Question 9

Wendy spent several hours looking over an architect's plans and forming an impression for a new building design.Which component of attitude did she carry out?

A)Behavioural.
B)Emotive.
C)Affective.
D)Cognitive.

Question 10

The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it refers to the employee's ________.

A)job satisfaction
B)job involvement
C)organisational loyalty
D)job commitment

Question 11

Which of the following best defines organisational behaviour?

A)The actions of individuals at home and how it impacts the workplace.
B)The study of the actions of people at work.
C)The study of teams at work.
D)The study of the workplace.

Question 12

Which of the following is a visible aspect of an organisation?

A)Objectives.
B)Attitudes.
C)Personal preferences.
D)Prejudice.

Question 13

When you stand up during the playing of the national anthem,you are revealing which component of your attitude toward your country?

A)Metacognitive.
B)Affective.
C)Behavioural.
D)Cognitive.

Question 14

After realising that she likes the architect's new building design this morning,this afternoon Wendy has decided to go ahead with the project of building it.Which component of attitude did she use this afternoon?

A)Behavioural.
B)Emotive.
C)Cognitive.
D)Affective.

Question 15

After carefully examining the architect's plans yesterday,today Wendy has realised that she loves the new design.Which component of forming an attitude did she carry out today?

A)Behavioural.
B)Informational.
C)Cognitive.
D)Affective.

Question 16

________ refers to an employee's general attitude towards his or her job.

A)Organisational citizenship behaviour
B)Employee productivity
C)Job satisfaction
D)Turnover

Question 17

All of the following are included in the six behaviours that managers try to explain,predict and influence EXCEPT ________.

A)workplace misbehaviour and absenteeism
B)workplace attitudes and perceptions
C)job satisfaction and turnover
D)organisational citizenship behaviour and productivity

Question 18

Organisational behaviour is primarily concerned with individual behaviour.

Question 19

Define turnover.

Question 20

The component of attitude that is made up of knowledge and information is ________.

A)functional
B)cognitive
C)affective
D)behavioural

Question 21

The judging versus perceiving scale on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® determines whether a person is oriented ________.

A)toward planning or flexibility
B)outwardly or inwardly
C)toward gathering data or the big picture
D)logically or emotionally

Question 22

Define job involvement.

Question 23

In a short essay,define what an attitude is.

Question 24

Cognitive dissonance theory proposes that the factors that can mitigate the discomfort caused by dissonance are ________.

A)importance,rewards and status
B)importance,influence and rewards
C)influence,reinforcement and goals
D)influence,rewards and status

Question 25

An employee who brags about her company to friends and recommends all company products as gifts is likely to have high ________.

A)job involvement
B)organisational citizenship
C)personal commitment
D)organisational commitment

Question 26

Define employee engagement.

Question 27

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®)is based on ________ that are revealed in a 100-item questionnaire.

A)four dimensions
B)eight personality types
C)two dimensions
D)four personality types

Question 28

Which of the following are typically the most important reasons why managers want to increase positive job attitudes?

A)Higher rates of turnover and absenteeism.
B)To increase worker happiness.
C)Lower rates of turnover and absenteeism.
D)To decrease worker unhappiness.

Question 29

________ is the unique combination of psychological traits that describe a person.

A)Personality
B)Intelligence
C)Values
D)Character

Question 30

A person who is being hypocritical about something that has high importance in her life would be likely to experience ________ discomfort from cognitive dissonance.

A)high
B)low
C)no
D)minimal

Question 31

The thinking versus feeling scale on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® determines whether a person is oriented ________.

A)toward gathering data or the big picture
B)outwardly or inwardly
C)toward planning or flexibility
D)logically or emotionally

Question 32

Values are developed when people feel that their behaviour and attitudes are consistent.

Question 33

A person who is experiencing cognitive dissonance might have his discomfort from the dissonance reduced if he has ________ control over his actions.

A)some
B)little or no
C)almost total
D)total

Question 34

Rather than trying to make employees happy,managers might do well to focus on making work ________.

A)challenging and interesting
B)easy to accomplish
C)simple rather than complex
D)challenging and difficult

Question 35

With respect to employee engagement in a job,which of the following seems to be the most important factor to employees around the world?

A)Salary.
B)Respect.
C)Type of work.
D)Fringe benefits.

Question 36

Research shows that high job satisfaction correlates with low productivity.

Question 37

After the disappointment of not getting a new position,an employee states,'That job looks like a real headache,anyway'.This is an example of ________ to reduce discomfort from dissonance.

A)increasing influence
B)reducing importance
C)increasing importance
D)reducing influence

Question 38

Cognitive dissonance theory states that a person feels ________ when his attitudes and actions don't match.

A)uncomfortable
B)comfortable
C)confident
D)confused

Question 39

Attitudes are evaluative statements concerning objects,people or events.

Question 40

Studies show that the statement,'Happy workers are productive workers' is ________.

A)largely false
B)completely false
C)completely true
D)fairly true

Question 41

A tennis player who blames a loss on his poor preparation would be likely to have ________.

A)no locus of control
B)an external locus of control
C)an internal locus of control
D)high self-esteem

Question 42

Emotional intelligence includes all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)self-awareness
B)social skills
C)cognitive skills
D)self-management

Question 43

If you believe that you control your own destiny,then your personality would be described as having a(n)________.

A)low Mach score
B)internal locus of control
C)high Mach score
D)external locus of control

Question 44

A person who rates high on Holland's social scale would probably find a good match with which of the following jobs?

A)Teacher.
B)Farmer.
C)Mathematician.
D)Painter.

Question 45

A low self-monitoring individual would tend NOT to pursue a career as ________.

A)an accountant
B)a scientist
C)an actor
D)an engineer

Question 46

A person who does not believe that 'the ends justify the means' would be likely to have a low level of which personality trait?

A)Social skills.
B)Self-awareness.
C)Machiavellianism.
D)Apathy.

Question 47

Which kind of individual might be most likely to have legal problems?

A)High emotional intelligence.
B)High Mach.
C)Low Mach.
D)Risk-averse.

Question 48

A race car driver would be a good occupational match for which personality type?

A)Low self-esteem.
B)Risk averse.
C)Risk taker.
D)Low Mach.

Question 49

Job studies show that this Big Five personality dimension was consistently important for success no matter what the job type.

A)Emotional stability.
B)Extraversion.
C)Openness to experience.
D)Conscientiousness.

Question 50

If you are a person who dislikes making plans,you would probably score high on which aspect of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®?

A)More extrovert than introvert.
B)More perceiving than judging.
C)More judging than perceiving.
D)More introvert than extrovert.

Question 51

Surprisingly,studies show that emotional stability is ________.

A)not positively related to job performance
B)positively related to job performance
C)not positively related to happiness
D)positively related to job type

Question 52

A manager who takes very little time to make a decision probably has the trait of ________.

A)low self-monitoring
B)external locus of control
C)high self-esteem
D)high risk-taking

Question 53

A high self-monitoring individual would tend to ________.

A)have no skill in playing different roles
B)be good at playing different roles
C)have no experience in hiding her feelings
D)have no skill in hiding her feelings

Question 54

A person rating high on the investigative personality type would have the best job match for which job?

A)Reporter.
B)Mechanic.
C)Counsellor.
D)Nurse.

Question 55

________ individuals tend to be dependent on positive evaluation from others.

A)Low self-esteem
B)Weak locus of control
C)Internal locus of control
D)Self aware

Question 56

The Big Five model of personality includes all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)conscientiousness
B)agreeableness
C)extroversion
D)intuitiveness

Question 57

The sensing versus intuition scale on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® determines whether a person is oriented ________.

A)toward planning or flexibility
B)toward gathering data or the big picture
C)outwardly or inwardly
D)logically or emotionally

Question 58

This dimension of emotional intelligence allows people to sense and understand how others are feeling.

A)Self-management.
B)Social skills.
C)Self-awareness.
D)Empathy.

Question 59

John Holland's theory assumes all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)different types of jobs are suited to different personalities
B)people in jobs that suit their personality are likely to be more satisfied
C)people in jobs that suit their personality make more money
D)there are intrinsic personality differences in people

Question 60

High self-esteem individuals tend to ________.

A)make excuses for themselves
B)avoid risks
C)take risks
D)avoid making excuses for themselves

Question 61

People from the Middle East tend to believe that life is not predetermined and they can control their own destiny.

Question 62

________ is the process of organising and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment.

A)Learning
B)Attribution
C)Perception
D)Selection

Question 63

Australian workers,more than Iranian workers,would likely have an internal locus of control.

Question 64

In the Big Five model,emotional stability was positively related to job performance.

Question 65

Employees with high self-esteem tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than those with low self-esteem.

Question 66

In a short essay,list and discuss the five personality traits of the Big Five Model of personality.

Question 67

According to Holland's social scale,becoming a lawyer would be a good job match for someone with this personality type.

A)Realistic.
B)Investigative.
C)Conventional.
D)Enterprising.

Question 68

Australians seem to be much more likely to have ________ than people from Middle Eastern countries.

A)no locus of control
B)a variable locus of control
C)an internal locus of control
D)an external locus of control

Question 69

A worker with an internal locus of control would tend to blame failure on himself.

Question 70

A low Mach person tends to think that ends justify means.

Question 71

In a short essay,discuss how self-esteem can help explain individual behaviour in organisations.

Question 72

Which of the following pairs would be a good match in Holland's scheme?

A)Realistic: psychologist.
B)Social: coach.
C)Artistic: chemist.
D)Investigative: golf pro.

Question 73

In a short essay,discuss how locus of control can help explain individual behaviour in organisations.

Question 74

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® test can identify thousands of different basic personality types.

Question 75

In a short essay,discuss how risk-taking can help explain individual behaviour in organisations.

Question 76

In a short essay,discuss how Machiavellianism can help explain individual behaviour in organisations.

Question 77

According to John Holland,the key to job success is how well an individual's personality matches his or her job.

Question 78

A person who is risk-averse might not do well as a stock trader.

Question 79

The ability to manage one's own emotions is an important component in emotional intelligence.

Question 80

In a short essay,discuss how self-monitoring can help explain individual behaviour in organisations.