Question 1

According to the ________ theory of emotion, emotions are determined jointly by a nonspecific kind of physiological arousal and its interpretation, based on environmental cues.

Accepted Answer

The Schachter-Singer theory of emotion argues that our emotions are determined by a combination of physiological arousal and our interpretation of environmental cues. This theory is also known as the two-factor theory of emotion, as it suggests that two factors (physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation) are necessary to experience an emotion.

Question 2

The concept of visceral experience can be attributed to the _____ theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that the experience of emotion is a result of physiological changes in the body. This theory suggests that emotions are experienced only after the body has experienced certain physiological changes, such as increased heart rate or sweating. The concept of visceral experience, which relates to bodily sensations and feelings, aligns with the James-Lange theory.

Question 3

According to the approach which organizes emotions using a hierarchy, which of the following is derived from a negative emotion?

Accepted Answer

According to the hierarchy approach, negative emotions such as shame, guilt, and embarrassment are at the base of the hierarchy and they can give rise to other emotions. Guilt is therefore derived from a negative emotion. Infatuation and pride are not derived from negative emotions, while contentment is not on the hierarchy of emotions.

Question 4

Which of the following theories of emotion most explicitly recognizes the importance of the cognitive component of emotion?

Accepted Answer

The Schachter-Singer theory of emotion, also known as the two-factor theory, emphasizes the important role of cognitive appraisal in the emotional experience. According to this theory, emotional experiences are a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal.

Question 5

In relation to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, more recent research:

Accepted Answer

More recent research has disconfirmed the idea that emotional experiences are controlled solely by the thalamus, which was a key assumption of the Cannon-Bard theory. Instead, research suggests that emotions involve a complex interplay between multiple brain regions and various physiological and cognitive processes.

Question 6

Which alternative below correctly identifies one of the results in Schachter and Singer's experiment?

Accepted Answer

In Schachter and Singer's experiment, the confederate's behavior had the expected effect on participants' emotional state. This is because participants who were given epinephrine and were informed about its effects experienced emotions that were based on the context provided by the confederate's behavior. In other words, the presence of the confederate's emotional cues influenced the way participants interpreted and experienced their own emotions.

Question 7

The _____ plays an important role in the consolidation of memories.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is known to play a crucial role in the consolidation of episodic and declarative memories. It helps to process and store information from short-term to long-term memory. The cerebellum is more involved in motor coordination and balance, the corpus callosum helps in communication between the two hemispheres of the brain, and the medulla is responsible for vital functions like breathing and heart rate.

Question 8

Which of the following sequences reflects the order of the major theories of emotion from the earliest to the most recent?

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion was proposed first, suggesting that physiological arousal precedes the emotional experience. The Cannon-Bard theory came next, arguing that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously. Finally, the Schachter-Singer theory, also known as the two-factor theory, proposed that emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling.

Question 9

According to the ________ theory of emotion, both physiological arousal and emotional experience are produced simultaneously by the same nerve stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion proposes that emotional and physiological responses occur simultaneously and independently of each other, following a stimulus. This theory contrasts with the James-Lange theory, which suggests that physiological arousal precedes emotional experience.

Question 10

In the James-Lange theory of emotion, physiological responses _____ emotional experiences.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that physiological responses precede emotional experiences. In other words, we first experience physiological changes (such as increased heart rate or sweating) and then interpret those changes as emotions (such as feeling afraid or anxious).

Question 11

Women with high power needs display high levels of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Women with high power needs display high...

Question 12

In one study, participants undergoing positron emission tomography (PET) brain scans were asked to recall events that made them feel sad, or events that made them feel happy. What did the results of such studies show?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one study, participants undergoing positron emission...

Question 13

According to the ________ theory of emotion, emotional experience is a reaction to bodily events occurring as a result of an external situation.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory proposes that emotions arise from bodily reactions to external situations. In other words, a person experiences an emotion such as fear or anger because they feel their heart race or their palms sweat in response to a perceived threat or stressor. This theory suggests that our subjective emotional experience is the outcome of our physiological response to stimuli.

Question 14

The results of the Schachter-Singer experiment:

Accepted Answer

The results of the Schachter-Singer experiment support a cognitive view of emotions. The study found that when participants were told that they had received a hormone that would make them feel a certain emotion, their experienced emotion was influenced by the context in which they were placed. This suggests that our interpretation of the situation plays a role in our emotional experience.

Question 15

The Cannon-Bard theory states that after we perceive an emotion-producing stimulus, the _____ is the initial site of the emotional response.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that the thalamus is the first site of emotional response, as it simultaneously sends signals to both the cortex for cognitive processing and the sympathetic nervous system for physiological responses. The hypothalamus is also involved in emotional processing, but is not the initial site according to this theory. The hippocampus is more related to memory formation than immediate emotional response. The amygdala plays a significant role in emotional processing, but is not considered the initial site of response by the Cannon-Bard theory.

Question 16

One of Cannon's major objections to the James-Lange theory of emotion was that:

Accepted Answer

Cannon argued that simply experiencing physiological arousal is not sufficient to create an emotional experience. He believed that cognition and perception of the situation were also necessary to label the physiological response as a particular emotional experience.

Question 17

According to William James and Carl Lange, which of the following leads one to label emotional experiences?

Accepted Answer

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, the experience of emotion is directly caused by a specific pattern of physiological and visceral responses. This means that it is the bodily changes themselves that lead one to label emotional experiences, rather than cognitive beliefs, overt behaviors, or related feelings and psychological responses.

Question 18

In the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, physiological reactions _____ emotional experiences.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that physiological responses and emotional experiences occur simultaneously with each other, meaning they happen at the same time. This contrasts with other theories, such as the James-Lange theory, which suggests that physiological reactions precede emotional experiences.

Question 19

According to the facial-feedback hypothesis, _____.

Accepted Answer

The facial-feedback hypothesis suggests that our facial expressions can actually influence and even determine our emotional experience, rather than just being a reflection of internal emotions or external factors.

Question 20

The ________, in the brain's temporal lobe, plays an important role in our experience of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala, located in the temporal lobe of the brain, is involved in the processing and experience of emotions, particularly fear and aggression. It is also responsible for the formation of emotional memories. The cerebellum is involved in motor coordination and balance, the corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain, and the medulla is responsible for vital functions such as respiration and heart rate.

Quiz 7: Writing and Presenting