Question 1

Sarah runs study-strategy workshops at the university.She teaches students different types of ________,techniques (e.g. ,method of loci,acronyms,and others)intended to help them improve their recall of specific information.

Accepted Answer

Mnemonics are memory aids or techniques that help individuals remember certain information. Sarah teaches these mnemonic techniques to students in her study-strategy workshops to improve their recall abilities. The other choices, such as coding and serial position, are related to memory but do not specifically refer to memory aids or techniques. The testing effect is a phenomenon where individuals improve their memory of information through repeated testing or quizzing.

Question 2

Which of the following situations is most likely to create a flashbulb memory?

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are formed in response to highly emotional and significant events. Finding out that one's partner is pregnant is likely to elicit a strong emotional response and is therefore the most likely situation to create a flashbulb memory. The other options are not necessarily emotionally significant events and therefore less likely to result in a flashbulb memory.

Question 3

Misty and her parents just got back from a vacation at Disney World,where they had a great time.Under which of the following circumstances is Misty likely to have more difficulty remembering what they did?

Accepted Answer

Attending her grandmother's funeral is likely to be a more emotionally charged and stressful situation, which can make it difficult to focus on and remember other experiences.

Question 4

You are telling your friend about a trip you took to Sea World when you were a child.During the middle of the show,the trainer slipped,fell into the water,and was nearly killed.You can remember the scene as if it happened yesterday.This is an example of which type of memory?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of flashbulb memory, which is a highly detailed, exceptionally vivid 'snapshot' of the moment and circumstances in which a piece of surprising and consequential (or emotionally arousing) news was heard. The memory is perceived to have a photographic quality to it, and is often replayed in detail in the mind.

Question 5

In order to help her music students learn the lines of the treble clef in musical notation,the teacher has them learn the sentence "Every Good Boy Does Fine." This is an example of the

Accepted Answer

The sentence using the first letter of each word to represent the notes on the lines of the treble clef is an example of the first-letter technique. This technique helps to memorize information through associations with keywords or acronyms. The method of loci involves associating information with specific locations in a familiar environment, the serial position effect refers to the tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than those in the middle, and the testing effect refers to the improved retention of information through frequent testing and retrieval practices.

Question 6

Flashbulb memories

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories concern highly significant events, such as the death of a loved one or a major national disaster. While they may be vivid and highly detailed, research has shown that they can still be subject to errors and distortions over time. Therefore, choice A and C are not entirely accurate, and choice D is directly opposite to the emotional intensity typically associated with flashbulb memories.

Question 7

As Dominique reviews the vocabulary terms for her French class,she is most likely to experience the greatest degree of forgetting

Accepted Answer

According to the forgetting curve, we tend to forget the most immediately after we learn new information. This is because the information hasn't had a chance to be encoded into long-term memory yet.

Question 8

Based on research outlined in the textbook that describes the influence of emotion on memory,which of the following orders is correct,from most likely to be recalled to least likely to be recalled?

Accepted Answer

Emotionally charged events, especially negative ones, are more likely to be remembered than neutral events. This is due to the enhanced cognitive processing triggered by the emotional arousal associated with these events.

Question 9

One potential drawback to the use of mnemonic devices is that they

Accepted Answer

Mnemonic devices are commonly used to aid in memorization of information. However, they may not necessarily improve understanding of that information. Mnemonic devices are helpful for recalling specific details or lists, but they do not necessarily facilitate long-term memory retention or the ability to apply knowledge in new contexts.

Question 10

How have clinical psychologists applied the concept of schemas to the treatment of psychological problems like depression?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists have applied the concept of schemas to the treatment of depression by attempting to change negative self-schemas that contribute to negative thoughts. By identifying and challenging these negative self-schemas, therapists can help patients learn new ways of thinking about themselves and their experiences, which can lead to improvements in their mood and overall functioning. This approach is known as schema therapy and has been found to be effective in the treatment of depression and other psychological problems.

Question 11

One way to improve memory is to use techniques that allow the information to be stored in more than one form.This is known as

Accepted Answer

Dual coding refers to storing information in both visual and auditory forms, which can enhance memory recall. This technique can be particularly effective when trying to remember lists of items or complex concepts. Binary encoding, the testing effect, and acronyms may also be useful memory techniques, but they do not specifically involve storing information in multiple forms.

Question 12

Ebbinghaus found that information is forgotten

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve demonstrates that information is forgotten quickly within the first few days of learning, but the rate of forgetting decreases over time, meaning it tapers off gradually.

Question 13

Jasmine needs to remember an eight-line poem for her fifth-grade English class next week.Her mother suggests that she link the first few words from each line with a different part of their home,starting with the front door.This suggestion is most similar to the memory strategy known as

Accepted Answer

The suggestion of linking the first few words from each line with a different part of their home is most similar to the memory strategy known as the method of loci, which involves creating a mental map or association between items to be remembered and specific physical locations or landmarks. This technique has been used for centuries as a memory aid and is also known as the memory palace or memory journey.

Question 14

Emotional memories typically involve activation of the ________,whereas non-emotional memories do not.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is involved in the processing and storage of emotional memories, while non-emotional memories do not typically involve activation of the amygdala. The hippocampus, thalamus, and temporal lobe are also involved in memory processing, but do not solely relate to emotional memories.

Question 15

Which of the following is most likely to improve performance on an exam?

Accepted Answer

Taking a practice test beforehand allows for retrieval practice which can improve memory recall and preparation for the format of the exam.

Question 16

One reason for misremembering an event is that our __________ influence(s)what to pay attention to,and what we expect to happen in certain situations.

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental frameworks that help us organize and interpret information in our environment. They also influence our expectations about what will happen in certain situations. Therefore, our schemas can lead us to selectively pay attention to certain details while ignoring others, which can impact our memory of the event.

Question 17

Finn is recovering from serious back surgery and has been taking pain medication for the last several days.During his recovery,he received multiple calls from friends and family.Later that week,off his medication,Finn can't seem to remember who called or what they said.Which of the following provides the best explanation for Finn's memory failure?

Accepted Answer

State-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon that memory retrieval is best when a person is in the same state of consciousness as they were when the memory was formed. In this case, Finn was on pain medication when he received the calls and off it when he tried to remember, which messed with his ability to retrieve those memories.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about flashbulb memories is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories, despite being vivid and detailed recollections of significant events, have been found through research to be no more accurate than other types of memories. People can be confident in their flashbulb memories, but this confidence does not guarantee accuracy.

Question 19

Aleixo just started his job as an advertising intern.When he arrived at the office,he was surprised that everyone was wearing jeans or other types of informal attire.The situation most likely violates Aleixo's __________ of office workers.

Accepted Answer

A schema refers to our pre-existing ideas or beliefs about a particular group or situation. Aleixo likely had a schema for what "office workers" would dress like, and the casual dress code was not in line with his expectations.

Question 20

A(n)__________ is an organized cluster of memories that constitutes one's knowledge about events,objects,and ideas.

Accepted Answer

A schema is a mental framework or organized structure that helps individuals make sense of information and experiences. It is a cognitive structure that helps individuals categorize and understand new information in relation to existing knowledge. Schemas include a person's knowledge, beliefs, perceptions, and expectations about a particular topic or concept.

Quiz 7: C: Memory

Sarah runs study-strategy workshops at the university.She teaches students different types of ________,techniques (e.g. ,method of loci,acronyms,and others) intended to help them improve their recall of specific information.