Question 1

_____________ research does not attempt to explain how or why something happened,but instead it is an opportunity to present observations about the characteristics of the subject.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive research simply describes and summarizes characteristics or behaviors without any attempt to manipulate or explain them. It is often used in the initial stages of research, to gain a better understanding of a phenomenon before conducting further studies.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE about naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves observing the behavior of organisms in their natural environment. This means that the researcher is observing behavior as it naturally occurs without any manipulation or intervention. The goal is to get a more accurate understanding of how individuals or groups behave in their everyday environment.

Question 3

A(n)____________ involves describing a single individual's behaviour in great detail,rather than testing a specific hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A case study involves in-depth examination of a single individual, group, or event. It is often used in psychology to gain a detailed understanding of an individual's behaviour, thoughts, and emotions. Unlike experimental studies, case studies are not designed to test specific hypotheses or variables.

Question 4

______________ is a method where researchers typically use interviews,phone surveys,and questionnaires to directly collect responses from the people being studied.

Accepted Answer

Self-reporting is a method where researchers directly collect responses from the people being studied through interviews, phone surveys, and questionnaires. Naturalistic observation involves observing people in their natural environment without direct interaction or questioning. Random sampling involves selecting participants randomly from a population. Blind sampling involves hiding the identity of participants from the researcher to prevent bias.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a descriptive research method?

Accepted Answer

Case study, naturalistic observation, and survey are all examples of descriptive research methods. However, an experiment is not considered a purely descriptive research method because it involves manipulation of variables and the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between them.

Question 6

Appeals to authority are generally considered a(n)____________ form of evidence because _______________________.

Accepted Answer

Appeals to authority are generally considered unreliable because expertise is not equivalent to evidence. Just because someone is an authority on a subject does not mean that their claims or opinions are true. We must still evaluate the evidence and arguments behind their statements before accepting them as true.

Question 7

Measuring or recording behaviour in a real-world setting is known as

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves observing and recording behaviour in a real-world setting without any intervening or manipulating variables. This can allow for a more accurate understanding of naturally occurring behaviour, as compared to manipulated laboratory settings. The other options (case study, correlational study, and self-report) may involve collecting data in a real-world setting, but they do not necessarily involve direct observation of behaviour.

Question 8

Why is it difficult to make generalizations based on the results of case study research?

Accepted Answer

Case studies typically focus on a small number of subjects, which may not be representative of a larger population. Therefore, it is difficult to make generalizations based solely on the results of case study research.

Question 9

If you are interested in examining the relationship between a student's grade and the number of classes they missed,you would likely use a(n)________ to study this relationship.

Accepted Answer

A correlational design would be the best choice as it allows for the examination of the relationship between two variables, in this case a student's grade and the number of classes they missed, without manipulating or influencing the variables in any way. An experimental design would involve manipulating variables, such as intentionally having some students miss classes and observing their grades, which may not be ethical or feasible in this scenario. A case study design would be useful for examining an individual or small group in-depth, but may not provide a generalizable understanding of the relationship between grade and attendance. A naturalistic observation design would involve observing students in their natural setting, but may not allow for examination of the specific relationship between grade and attendance.

Question 10

Dr.Potter,a psychology professor,is curious about his students' attitudes toward marginalized populations.What research method is he most likely to use to gather information about this topic?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Potter is most likely to use a survey to gather information about his students' attitudes toward marginalized populations. A survey is a research method that involves asking a carefully designed set of questions to a specific group of people in order to gain insights into their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Surveys are useful for gathering data on a large scale and can be administered in a variety of formats, including in-person, online, and over the phone. Given that Dr. Potter is interested in attitudes, a survey is the most appropriate choice as it allows for direct questioning about his students' thoughts and opinions on the topic.

Question 11

When designing a study,researchers must take into account all of the following factors EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

While researchers must take into account how they will analyze and interpret the results, the focus of a study's design is on developing methods to test the hypothesis and gather data. Therefore, option B is not an appropriate factor that researchers need to consider when designing a study.

Question 12

In general,which of the following is TRUE about anecdotal evidence?

Accepted Answer

Anecdotal evidence is based on personal experiences or observations, and therefore it is subject to bias and may not be representative of the overall population or situation. It is not a reliable or conclusive form of evidence, particularly compared to scientific studies with rigorous methods and controls.

Question 13

Dr.Deska was interested in social hierarchies in teenagers,so he went to the local high school and observed students' interactions during break periods.Dr.Deska is using ____________ to gather his data.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Deska is gathering his data through naturalistic observation, as he is observing the students in their natural environment without any manipulation of variables. A case study would involve in-depth analysis of a particular individual or group, while an experimental design would involve manipulating variables to test a hypothesis. The peer review process is a method of assessing the validity and quality of research after it has been conducted, rather than a method of data collection.

Question 14

Chen believes that red cars are more likely to be stolen than non-red cars because one week after she bought a red car,it was stolen.This is an example of which type of evidence?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of anecdotal evidence because it is based on a single personal experience and is not supported by any statistical data or research.

Question 15

Fudah,a graduate student in psychology,just heard about a five-year-old child who has already learned calculus.She is thinking about conducting an in-depth study of the child for her thesis.What research method is Fudah considering?

Accepted Answer

Fudah is considering conducting an in-depth study of the child, which indicates a case study method. In a case study, a single person or a small group of people is studied in great detail. Since Fudah wants to conduct an in-depth study of the child who has already learned calculus, a case study method would be the best choice.

Question 16

A researcher is interested in determining how frequently bullying behaviour occurs in real-life settings.This researcher would best be advised to use a(n)_______ design.

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation would be the best design for this study as it allows the researcher to observe bullying behavior in a natural setting without any manipulation or intervention, providing more accurate and authentic data. Case study would focus on a single case or individual, correlational design would examine the relationship between variables but not necessarily determine causality, and experimental design would involve manipulating variables, which may not be ethical when studying bullying behavior.

Question 17

Kia and her friend are discussing why so many child actors become troubled adults.Kia says,"Everyone knows that if a child is spoiled,they will not develop the coping skills needed in adulthood." From a scientific point of view,what is wrong with Kia's statement?

Accepted Answer

Kia's statement is an example of an appeal to common sense, implying that because something seems obvious or widely believed, it must be true. This approach does not rely on empirical evidence or scientific research to support the claim.

Question 18

Claims based on common sense

Accepted Answer

Claims based on common sense may be true, but they require scientific evidence for support. Common sense is often based on personal experience and anecdotal evidence, which may not be reliable or generalizable to the broader population. Therefore, it is important to verify these claims with scientific research that uses objective methods and large sample sizes to establish accurate, reliable, and generalizable results.

Question 19

Two variables are said to be correlated when scores on one variable

Accepted Answer

Correlation refers to a relationship between two variables such that when there is a change in one variable, there is also a change in the other variable. If the scores on one variable increase or decrease with the scores on the other variable, they are said to be correlated.

Question 20

Support for a claim that is based on a story about an individual or event is called ___________ evidence.

Accepted Answer

Anecdotal evidence is based on personal experiences or stories, often from a single individual, which may or may not be representative of a larger group or population. It is considered weaker than objective empirical evidence because it is prone to biases and may not be based on systematic observations or rigorous scientific methods.

Quiz 2: C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

_____________ research does not attempt to explain how or why something happened,but instead it is an opportunity to present observations about the characteristics of the subject.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about naturalistic observation?

A(n) ____________ involves describing a single individual's behaviour in great detail,rather than testing a specific hypothesis.

______________ is a method where researchers typically use interviews,phone surveys,and questionnaires to directly collect responses from the people being studied.

Which of the following is NOT a descriptive research method?

Appeals to authority are generally considered a(n) form of evidence because ___________.

Measuring or recording behaviour in a real-world setting is known as

Why is it difficult to make generalizations based on the results of case study research?

If you are interested in examining the relationship between a student's grade and the number of classes they missed,you would likely use a(n) ________ to study this relationship.

Dr.Potter,a psychology professor,is curious about his students' attitudes toward marginalized populations.What research method is he most likely to use to gather information about this topic?

When designing a study,researchers must take into account all of the following factors EXCEPT

In general,which of the following is TRUE about anecdotal evidence?

Dr.Deska was interested in social hierarchies in teenagers,so he went to the local high school and observed students' interactions during break periods.Dr.Deska is using ____________ to gather his data.

Chen believes that red cars are more likely to be stolen than non-red cars because one week after she bought a red car,it was stolen.This is an example of which type of evidence?

Fudah,a graduate student in psychology,just heard about a five-year-old child who has already learned calculus.She is thinking about conducting an in-depth study of the child for her thesis.What research method is Fudah considering?

A researcher is interested in determining how frequently bullying behaviour occurs in real-life settings.This researcher would best be advised to use a(n) _______ design.

Kia and her friend are discussing why so many child actors become troubled adults.Kia says,"Everyone knows that if a child is spoiled,they will not develop the coping skills needed in adulthood." From a scientific point of view,what is wrong with Kia's statement?

Claims based on common sense

Two variables are said to be correlated when scores on one variable

Support for a claim that is based on a story about an individual or event is called ___________ evidence.

Quiz 2: C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

_____________ research does not attempt to explain how or why something happened,but instead it is an opportunity to present observations about the characteristics of the subject.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about naturalistic observation?

A(n) ____________ involves describing a single individual's behaviour in great detail,rather than testing a specific hypothesis.

______________ is a method where researchers typically use interviews,phone surveys,and questionnaires to directly collect responses from the people being studied.

Which of the following is NOT a descriptive research method?

Appeals to authority are generally considered a(n) ____________ form of evidence because _______________________.

Measuring or recording behaviour in a real-world setting is known as

Why is it difficult to make generalizations based on the results of case study research?

If you are interested in examining the relationship between a student's grade and the number of classes they missed,you would likely use a(n) ________ to study this relationship.

Dr.Potter,a psychology professor,is curious about his students' attitudes toward marginalized populations.What research method is he most likely to use to gather information about this topic?

When designing a study,researchers must take into account all of the following factors EXCEPT

In general,which of the following is TRUE about anecdotal evidence?

Dr.Deska was interested in social hierarchies in teenagers,so he went to the local high school and observed students' interactions during break periods.Dr.Deska is using ____________ to gather his data.

Chen believes that red cars are more likely to be stolen than non-red cars because one week after she bought a red car,it was stolen.This is an example of which type of evidence?

Fudah,a graduate student in psychology,just heard about a five-year-old child who has already learned calculus.She is thinking about conducting an in-depth study of the child for her thesis.What research method is Fudah considering?

A researcher is interested in determining how frequently bullying behaviour occurs in real-life settings.This researcher would best be advised to use a(n) _______ design.

Kia and her friend are discussing why so many child actors become troubled adults.Kia says,"Everyone knows that if a child is spoiled,they will not develop the coping skills needed in adulthood." From a scientific point of view,what is wrong with Kia's statement?

Claims based on common sense

Two variables are said to be correlated when scores on one variable

Support for a claim that is based on a story about an individual or event is called ___________ evidence.

Appeals to authority are generally considered a(n) form of evidence because ___________.