Question 1

Which of the following patient conditions would require antibiotic premedication for invasive dental hygiene procedures?

Accepted Answer

According to the most recent American Heart A ssociation (AHA) guidelines, clients with a heart valve replacement need antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures .

Question 2

Clients over age 60 who smoke are the fastest growing segment of the oral cancer population. Human papilloma virus 16 (HPV 16) is responsible for the increased risk for oral cancer especially in the tonsillar area.

Accepted Answer

Accordin g to the Oral Cancer Foundation, clients age < 50 years who do not smoke comprise the fastest growing segment of the oral cancer population. The growing numbers are thought to be related to the human papilloma virus 16 ( HPV 16 ) which causes oral cancer in the tonsils and tonsillar pillar areas.

Question 3

Angle's classification of malocclusion commonly found in clients with Down syndrome is:

Accepted Answer

Angles' class III and posterior cross- bite a re common in persons with Down syndrome and relate to the flat face and underdeveloped mid- facial area .

Question 4

Antibiotic premedication is commonly needed in clients with Down syndrome because of the high incidence of:

Accepted Answer

More than 50% of children born with Down syndrome experience congenital heart lesions requiring antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental services.

Question 5

A power scaling instrument would be contrain?dicated in clients with:

Accepted Answer

A powered scaling device is contraindicated in a person with cystic fibrosis because of the risk of periodontal pathogens be ing aspirated into the lungs and exacerbating bre a thing problems .

Question 6

Each of the following conditions is associated with paralysis EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Accepted Answer

Graves ' disease is an autoimmune disease affecting the thyroid gland ; no form of paralysis is associated with this condition.

Question 7

Each of the following is important to teach a caregiver about oral home care for a special care client EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Accepted Answer

Toothpaste with fluoride is often not recommended for special- needs clients because of the high risk of swallowing and fluoride toxicity .

Question 8

What client condition places him or her at risk for dental erosion?

Accepted Answer

E namel e rosion is common with GERD because stomach acid pools in the larynx and the throat.

Question 9

Local anesthestic agents with epinephrine are contraindicated on this client because clients with hypertension cannot adequately metabolize anesthetic agents.

Accepted Answer

Both the statement and reason are incorrect. Two carpules of a local anesthetic agent with epinephrine at 1:100,000 can be safely administered to clients with hypertension and most medically compromising client problems. Hypertension has no effect on drug metabolism , although the drug metabolism could be an issue if the patient with ESRD had not had a transplant, but that is not the case.

Question 10

Which of the client's conditions is a degenera?tive disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs motor skills, speech, and postural stability?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disease that results in resting tremors, muscular rigidity , and postural instability.

Question 11

All of the following oral conditions are common in clients with cerebral palsy EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Accepted Answer

Nerve paralysis is not an oral fin d ing associated with cerebral palsy ( CP ) .

Question 12

Which of the following contributing factors is the MOST likely reason for the condition of this client's gingiva?

Accepted Answer

The client's gingiva is displaying areas of hyperplasia called drug- influenced gingival enlargement ; the best explanation is that the drug cyclosporine is stimulating an overgrowth of fibroblasts , resulting in gingival overgrowth and enlargement .

Question 13

The arrow in the mandibular right premolar radiograph is indicating the:

Accepted Answer

The arrow is indicating the internal oblique ridge represented as a radiopaque line posterior and inferior to the external oblique ridge and the mental ridge on the mandible .

Question 14

The raised hard asymptomatic area in the mandibular area on the photograph visible by the arrow is MOST likely a(an):

Accepted Answer

The best differential diagnosis of the areas in the photo is exosto si s .

Question 15

In which of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classifications would you place this client?

Accepted Answer

The American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) classification of this client is class III , defined as having severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitating. This client has renal disease and hypertension .

Question 16

Delayed and abnormal tooth eruption patterns are common in clients with Down syndrome. The lips are thin, and the tongue is very small, and this contributes to the delayed eruption of teeth.

Accepted Answer

Delayed and abnormal tooth eruption patterns are common in clients with Down syndrome. Common physical characteristics include thick ( not thin ) lips and a large ( not small ) tongue; they do not impact on eruption patterns .

Question 17

Which of the following professional fluoride treatments would be BEST for a special-care child client?

Accepted Answer

Fluoride varnish is recommended , since it can be safely and effectively applied to special- care children with active gag reflexes, is more effective , and eliminates the risk of toxicity that exists with other professional applications.

Question 18

Elective dental treatment should be postponed until ___ months after a stroke.

Accepted Answer

T o ensure the person 's condition is stable , 6 months should be allowed to pass after a stroke before elective dental procedures are completed.

Question 19

The technique error associated with the left molar bitewing could be corrected by changing the:

Accepted Answer

A diagnostic molar bitewing should image the distal one half of the second premolar. In this radiograph , the film packet shoul d have been placed more mesial ly to obtain the premolar portion that is missing .

Question 20

The MOST common location of oral cancer is the:

Accepted Answer

According t o the Oral Cancer Foundation , 30 % of oral cancers originate on the tongue .

Quiz 19: Dental Hygiene Care for Individuals With Special Needs