Question 1

Which of the following diagnostic studies would NOT indicate a problem related to a reductase inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

Increased white blood cell counts are not directly related to reductase inhibitors and would not indicate a problem with their use. Elevated serum transaminase, increased serum creatinine, and elevated creatinine kinase can all be potential indicators of issues related to the use of reductase inhibitors.

Question 2

Niaspan is less likely to cause which side effect that is common to niacin?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Niaspan is less likely to cause which...

Question 3

Felicity has been prescribed colestipol to treat her hyperlipidemia.Unlike other anti-lipidemics,this drug:

Accepted Answer

Colestipol is a bile acid sequestrant drug that exchanges chloride ions for negatively charged acids in the bowel. This leads to a decrease in cholesterol recycling and an increase in excretion of bile acids, resulting in a decrease in LDL cholesterol levels.

Question 4

Because of the pattern of cholesterol synthesis,reductase inhibitors are given:

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol synthesis is highest at night, so reductase inhibitors are given in the evening in a single daily dose to match the body's natural pattern of cholesterol production.

Question 5

Colestipol comes in a powdered form.The patient is taught to:

Accepted Answer

Colestipol should be mixed with a liquid to make it easier to swallow and to prevent dry mouth. Milk or fruit juice can be used to mask the taste of the powder.

Question 6

In teaching about the use of sublingual nitroglycerine,the patient should be instructed:

Accepted Answer

The correct way to use sublingual nitroglycerine is to place one tablet under the tongue if chest pain occurs and allow it to dissolve. The patient should not swallow the tablet or take it more frequently than prescribed. It is not necessary for the tablet to "burn" under the tongue for it to be effective.

Question 7

Many patients with hyperlipidemia are treated with more than one drug.Combining a fibric acid derivative such as gemfibrozil with which of the following is not recommended? The drug and the reason must both be correct for the answer to be correct.

Accepted Answer

Combining fibric acid derivatives like gemfibrozil with reductase inhibitors (statins) is not recommended due to an increased risk for rhabdomyolysis, a serious condition that involves the breakdown of muscle tissue leading to the release of muscle fiber contents into the bloodstream, which can cause kidney damage.

Question 8

Janice has elevated LDL,VLDL,and triglyceride levels.Niaspan,an extended-release form of niacin,is chosen to treat her hyperlipidemia.Due to its metabolism and excretion,which of the following labs should be monitored?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Janice has elevated LDL,VLDL,and triglyceride levels.Niaspan,an extended-release...

Question 9

Donald has been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia.Based on his lipid profile,atorvastatin is prescribed.Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but serious adverse response to this drug.Donald should be told to:

Accepted Answer

Donald should be told to report muscle weakness or tenderness and dark urine to his provider immediately as these are symptoms of rhabdomyolysis, a serious side effect of atorvastatin. Becoming a vegetarian or stopping the drug if abdominal cramps and diarrhea develop are not necessary or relevant precautions for rhabdomyolysis. "Hot flash" sensations are not a common side effect of atorvastatin.

Question 10

Dulcea has type 2 diabetes and a high triglyceride level.She has gemfibrozil prescribed to treat her hypertriglyceridemia.A history of which of the following might contraindicate the use of this drug?

Accepted Answer

Gemfibrozil may increase the risk of gallbladder disease, and use of this drug is contraindicated in patients with gallbladder disease. Reactive airway disease/asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and allergy to aspirin are not known contraindications for gemfibrozil.

Question 11

The choice of diuretic to use in treating hypertension is based on:

Accepted Answer

The choice of diuretic in treating hypertension should take into account the level of kidney function. If the estimated glomerular filtration rate is higher than the mid-40 mL/min range, a thiazide diuretic would be the best choice. Loop diuretics are recommended for patients with reduced kidney function or heart failure. Aldosterone antagonists may be used in patients with resistant hypertension or heart failure, but are not specifically indicated based on ethnicity. The presence of hyperlipidemia would not determine the choice of diuretic.

Question 12

Because of their site of action,bile acid sequestering resins:

Accepted Answer

Bile acid sequestering resins bind to bile acids in the intestines, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their elimination in the feces. Because of this mechanism of action, they may also bind to other drugs taken orally, reducing their absorption and effectiveness. To minimize this interaction, bile acid sequestering resins should be administered at least 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after taking other drugs. There is no known association between these drugs and an increased risk for bleeding.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Niacin has been shown to reduce all-cause mortality for patients with CAD if taken in prescription strength. Taking double the dose of over-the-counter niacin can cause harm and should not be recommended. Niacin can cause GI irritation but taking with food can help alleviate this discomfort.

Question 14

Art is a 55-year-old smoker who has been diagnosed with angina and placed on nitrates.He complains of headaches after using his nitrate.An appropriate reply might be:

Accepted Answer

This response acknowledges the patient's complaint and recognizes that headaches are a common side effect of nitrates. The follow-up question assesses the severity of the headaches and allows for appropriate management. Choices A and C are incorrect because they provide incorrect or incomplete information. Choice D is incorrect because it dismisses the patient's complaint and redirects the conversation.

Quiz 16: Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems