Question 1

__________ is defined as the study of knowledge and reality.

Accepted Answer

Philosophy is the branch of study that deals with fundamental questions related to existence, knowledge, values, reason, and reality. It explores various concepts and theories related to these topics and tries to understand the world and our place in it. The other options, science, psychology, and mythology, deal with more specific aspects of human experience and do not cover the broad scope of philosophy.

Question 2

Which Greek philosopher is CORRECTLY matched with a key idea?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle was a philosopher who believed that humans are closely related to animals. He was a student of Plato and emphasized the importance of empirical observation and reasoning in understanding the natural world. Hippocrates is known as the father of medicine and emphasized the importance of observation, but did not focus on discovering truth through reasoning. Socrates did not propose that well-being and personality is influenced by humors, but focused on the importance of questioning and seeking knowledge. Plato also emphasized the importance of reason, but did not promote empirical study of the natural world as he believed in the existence of an ideal world of Forms.

Question 3

The term used to describe the behaviors and mental processes of which we are aware is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term used to describe the behaviors...

Question 4

With respect to the way that we acquire knowledge, _______ emphasized the role of the mind and reasoning, whereas ________ pointed to the role of sensory experience.

Accepted Answer

Plato emphasized the role of the mind and reasoning (rationalism), while Aristotle highlighted the importance of sensory experience (empiricism) in acquiring knowledge.

Question 5

Describe how the work of Aristotle influenced the development of psychology as a scientific discipline.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the work of Aristotle influenced...

Question 6

Following an earthquake or other disaster, some primitive cultures may attribute human qualities to such a natural event because they believe the "earth spirits are angry". This example illustrates a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following an earthquake or other disaster, some...

Question 7

What attribute of Greek culture was essential to forming intellectual dialogue that resulted in a flow of ideas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What attribute of Greek culture was essential...

Question 8

The view that theories are always tentative may be traced back to:

Accepted Answer

The view that theories are always tentative can be traced back to Ancient Greek philosophy. Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle emphasized the importance of questioning and doubting theories in order to arrive at a deeper understanding of reality. This view was later adopted by other philosophers throughout history.

Question 9

In 1879, what German physiologist opened the first laboratory exclusively dedicated to the study of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is widely recognized as the founder of modern psychology, having opened the first laboratory exclusively for the study of psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879.

Question 10

One similarity between Hippocrates and Aristotle is that they both:

Accepted Answer

Both Hippocrates and Aristotle emphasized the importance of empirical observation and the testing of theories through experience or experiment, marking a significant step towards scientific methodology.

Question 11

How do the goals of early religious practices compare to the goals of contemporary psychology? Consider change to myths and rituals

Accepted Answer

The goals of early religious practices like promoting well-being, managing emotions, and fostering social connection are quite similar to those of contemporary psychology. Both aim at promoting mental health, reducing stress, and promoting positive behavior. However, contemporary psychology relies on scientific evidence-based practices unlike religious practices, which often rely on myths and rituals to achieve the desired outcomes. Nonetheless, contemporary psychology has integrated some of the effective religious practices like mindfulness meditation in its treatment plans.

Question 12

The first philosopher to promote empirical or testable investigations of the natural world was __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first philosopher to promote empirical or...

Question 13

Approximately when did Greek thinkers begin to substitute natural for supernatural explanations of nature and reality?

Accepted Answer

Greek thinkers began to substitute natural for supernatural explanations of nature and reality in the fourth and fifth centuries BCE, during the period known as the Presocratic era. This was a time when philosophers such as Thales, Anaximander, and Heraclitus sought to understand the natural world through observation, reason, and logic, rather than through mythological or religious beliefs.

Question 14

By the 1800s, human beings were considered to be outside the influence of fixed natural laws.

Accepted Answer

By the 1800s, human beings were increasingly recognized as being subject to fixed natural laws, particularly in fields such as biology and physiology. The rise of scientific materialism and the development of scientific methods for studying human behavior reinforced this view.

Question 15

Socrates believed that "truth" is an objective concept that is not dependent on perception.

Accepted Answer

Socrates believed in the pursuit of truth through dialogue and questioning, but he did not explicitly define truth as an objective concept independent of perception. His method focused on examining beliefs to uncover contradictions and move closer to understanding.

Question 16

Whereas the Greek philosopher ________correctly identified the brain as the organ of mental life, _________ believed that the brain was of minor importance.

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates correctly identified the brain as the organ of mental life, while Aristotle believed that the brain was of minor importance.

Question 17

Which philosopher believed that we can use logical or rational thinking to discover "core ideas" buried within the human soul?

Accepted Answer

Plato believed in the existence of an objective reality that could be discovered through logical reasoning and that the human soul contained innate knowledge of "core ideas" such as truth, beauty, and justice. He believed that true knowledge was not obtained through sensory experience but rather through the contemplation of these core ideas. This philosophy is known as Platonism.

Question 18

According to Hippocrates, what are humours?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Hippocrates, what are humours?...

Question 19

The history of psychology (and most other sciences) started with the history of philosophy.

Accepted Answer

The study of psychology and most other sciences originated from philosophical inquiry and speculation about the nature of the mind and human behavior. The ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle explored ideas about perception, cognition, and behavior that laid the foundation for later psychological theories and research.

Question 20

How is psychological science of today similar to primitive myths?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is psychological science of today similar...

Quiz 1: Psychology: Yesterday and Today