Question 1

A nurse is interested in learning the phases of the disaster continuum and realizes it has many similarities to the nursing process. To better understand the phases of a disaster, which is true when comparing the phases of the disaster continuum to the nursing process?

Accepted Answer

Correct:The preparedness phase requires assessing possible needs of the community and planning appropriate interventions and is consistent with the assessment and planning steps of the nursing process.
Incorrect:b.The recovery phase of the disaster continuum would be consistent with evaluation step of the nursing process.
c.The recovery phase of the disaster continuum is carried out following mobilization of resources and is consistent with the evaluation step of the nursing process.
d.The response relief phase of the disaster continuum is the mobilization of resources and attempt to mitigate damage and is consistent with the implementation step of the nursing process.

Question 2

The disaster medical assistance team works quickly to contain contaminants from a chemical plant explosion. Afterward, personnel undergo a special process to remove harmful chemicals from equipment and supplies. This removal process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Correct:Decontamination is the physical process of removing harmful substances from personnel,equipment,and supplies.
Incorrect:a.Containment is limiting the emergency situation within a well-defined area.
c.Triage is the process of prioritizing the order in which patients are treated.
d.Scene assessment is the review of the location of an event to search of information to guide treatment options.

Question 3

A community in the New Madrid fault zone experiences an earthquake resulting in injuries from propelled objects and abrasions for many victims. The local supply of antibiotics is quickly exhausted. Local authorities would contact the:

Accepted Answer

Correct:The Strategic National Stockpile provides antibiotics,antidotes,and medical and surgical items when local and state supplies have been exhausted.
Incorrect:a.The Commissioned Corps Readiness Force is a group of health care professionals who can be deployed to respond to a disaster,as a large group or in small numbers.
c.The Department of Homeland Security is the agency responsible for coordinating efforts to protect the United States against terrorism.
d.The local YMCA is a large nonprofit community organization that meets the health and human needs of the community through established programs but would not provide the means to obtain medications and supplies.

Question 4

During the relief response phase of a disaster resulting from a "dirty bomb":

Accepted Answer

Correct:During the relief response phase of a disaster,emergency responders provide assistance to victims and stabilize the scene; with a dirty bomb,radioactive material causes burns and poisoning.
Incorrect:b.Planning between agencies occurs in the preparedness phase.
c.Recovery or reconstruction of businesses and residential areas occurs during the recovery phase.
d.Planning occurs in the preparedness phase,before the disaster occurs.

Question 5

Troops from the United States participating in a peace mission in a foreign country were the victims of suicide bombers and many soldiers were evacuated back home to receive specialized medical care. The nation's medical responses will be augmented by:

Accepted Answer

Correct:The National Disaster Medical System supplements care for casualties evacuated back to the United States from overseas and federally declared disasters including national disasters,major transportation accidents,technologic disasters,and acts of terrorism.
Incorrect:b.Communities are the first to respond to local emergencies.
c.The Medical Reserve Corps was created to improve the health and safety of communities across the country.
d.The aim of the National Incident Management System is to coordinate the safe and effective response of emergency resources to an incident primarily through communication.

Question 6

Health care professionals have been activated to respond to a disaster, and the registered nurse who is coordinating the effort realizes that: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Correct:a.Care is shifted to doing the most good for the most people.
b.Efforts begin at the local level.
Incorrect:c.Assistance from state and federal levels is provided only when the local system is unable to provide the necessary level of care.
d.Each local agency should have a well-developed emergency operating plan that includes its duties,chain of command,and a plan for interaction with other community agencies.
e.Resources are often scarce,and creative strategies may be needed.

Question 7

A group of local volunteers respond to a tornado. Volunteers have completed an emergency response course and are able to assist with triage of injured citizens. They also participate in local health fairs to teach residents how to react during tornadoes. The responders are members of the:

Accepted Answer

Correct:The MRC are local volunteers trained to respond to local emergencies.
Incorrect:b.The MMRS is an area- and state-wide emergency system that expands hospital-based care including transportation and mass fatalities.
c.The NDMS is a federal emergency system for major emergency and federally declared emergencies.
d.The CCRF emergency teams are led by the Office of the Surgeon General when emergencies exceed the capability of the local and state services.

Question 8

A nurse at a school notices that several students have "blisters" on their bodies. Further investigation reveals that a terrorist incident has occurred, causing smallpox. If the chemical, biologic, radiologic, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) agent categories are used, this incident would be classified as:

Accepted Answer

Correct:The biologic category refers to diseases such as plague or smallpox.
Incorrect:a.The chemical category includes diseases that are easily spread through the air and require decontamination.
c.Radioactive dirty bombs result in burns and poisoning.
d.The nuclear category consists of thermal burns due to nuclear blasts.

Question 9

A nurse learns of a mass casualty disaster following a known terrorist attack. On arriving at the scene, the nurse knows that:

Accepted Answer

Correct:The fundamentals of nursing applied to other settings and situations can be used in a disaster.
Incorrect:a.Local hospitals design their own centers to deal with disaster victims.
c.Trained responders triage care,so those who have the greatest chance of survival are given priority.
d.Only one incident commander is used so as to minimize confusion about who is managing the incident.

Question 10

Nurses caring for the victims of a mass casualty incident:

Accepted Answer

Correct:Care is shifted from categorizing patients at low,intermediate,and critical risk to using resources to serve those with the greatest likelihood of survival.
Incorrect:a.The Hospital Incident Command System has responsibility for determining common terminology.
b.The facility information officer determines the effect of the incident and communicates honestly to calm and reassure staff and consumers of the facility and the news media.
c.The Federal Bureau of Investigation determines whether a credible threat is present.

Question 11

In the preparedness phase for disasters, the community plans for a possible terrorist attack using anthrax as the weapon of destruction. What treatments and/or preparations would be needed?

Accepted Answer

Correct:Anthrax is a biologic weapon and requires Level B protection since it is a known agent and can be carried in wind or surfaces.Timing of treatment is critical and vaccines are available.
Incorrect:b.Treatment for burns,decontamination,and Level A PPE would be appropriate for radiologic rather than biologic method of attack.
c Nuclear attacks involve radioactive fallout with risk for contamination to the water supply.
d.Explosive attacks are the most common means of attack such as suicide bombers.Treatments for burns and injuries from propellants from bombs are needed.

Question 12

The emergency response team responded to a terrorist attack where hundreds of people died following symptoms of chest tightness, palpations, seizures, and finally paralysis. A colorless odorless liquid known as Sarin ( GB ) was the agent, which is primarily inhaled with limited exposure through the skin. The concentration of Sarin has not been measured. What level is the minimum level of personal protection and safety equipment ( PPE ) that would be needed?

Accepted Answer

Correct:Level B requires a high level of respiratory protection,but less skin protection,providing a chemical splash-resistant suit with hood and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).It provides maximum respiratory protection but less skin protection than level A equipment.
Incorrect:a.Level A provides maximum respiratory and skin protection is provided and is used when agent is unknown.
c.Level C provides a respirator that can remove all anticipated contaminants and concentrations of chemical materials,but since the concentration is unknown level B is needed.
d.Level D protection is a uniform or scrubs appropriate when it has been determined that no respiratory or skin hazard is present.

Question 13

A nurse is informed that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has determined that a bomb has been detected and is in the possession of a known terrorist group. The government buildings in the local community are the target. This situation is termed a(n):

Accepted Answer

Correct:A credible threat is a situation in which the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) determines that a terrorist threat is probable and verifies the involvement of a weapon of mass destruction in the developing terrorist incident.
Incorrect:a.An All-hazards approach is a process whereby all divisions prepare for any emergency or disaster that may occur.
b.A biologic event involves microorganisms or toxins from living organisms with infectious or noninfectious properties that produce lethal or serious effects in plants and animals.
d.A natural disaster is not manmade and includes events such as such as tornadoes,hurricanes,and earth quakes.

Question 14

A nurse who is conducting a staff in-service on the phases of a disaster continuum teaches participants that, during the impact stage, activities focus on:

Accepted Answer

Correct:Response activities during the relief response phase consist of immediate actions to save lives and meet basic human needs.
Incorrect:a.Community awareness occurs during the preparedness planning phase.
b.Evaluation of the DMAT occurs during the recovery phase.
c.The all-hazards approach is part of the preparedness phase.

Question 15

Nurses and community officials are working together to ensure that churches and schools have needed supplies to provide shelter for large numbers of individuals in the event of a natural or manmade disaster. These activities represent which phase of a disaster continuum?

Accepted Answer

Correct:Every disaster response begins as a local event known as the preparedness phase,which consists of planning,preparedness,prevention,and warning.
Incorrect:b.The relief response phase actually begins in the preparedness phase,with all efforts directed to responding to the disaster,initiating the emergency management system,and limiting the effects of the hazard.
c.During the recovery phase the focus is on recovery,rehabilitation,and reconstruction; this occurs about 72 hours after the disaster.Evaluation of the disaster plan is a major part of the recovery phase.
d.Crisis intervention is not a true phase but a goal for each of the other phases.

Question 16

The Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS):

Accepted Answer

Correct:The MMRS responds to disaster with trained individuals who have expertise in this type of situation and who have the equipment required to be effective.
Incorrect:a.The MMRS is funded by local and state governments until funds are exhausted; then federal funds are contributed.
c.The Strategic National Stockpile,a national repository,supplies antibiotics,chemical antidotes,antitoxins,IV administrations,airway supplies,and other medical-surgical items as needed to replenish supplies of local and state agencies during a time of emergency.
d.The National Disaster Medical System arranges for the use of federal hospitals.

Question 17

Following a terrorist attack, victims are exhibiting posttraumatic stress syndrome, and care providers are exhibiting compassion fatigue. Which federal response system should be initiated?

Accepted Answer

Correct:The MMRS is concerned with deploying trained responders who are able to provide mental health care for victims and health care providers.
Incorrect:a.The Strategic National Stockpile has a national storehouse of medications and medical supplies for use during a disaster.
c.The Commissioned Corps Readiness Force is an initiative led by the surgeon general that consists of trained health care professionals who can be deployed to support the DMAT.
d.The National Disaster Medical System is the lead federal agency for medical response under the National Response Plan; this system provides supplies and equipment,assists with evacuation,and arranges for hospitalization in federal and voluntary nonfederal acute care facilities.

Question 18

The crisis communication officer may first inform the public or health care facility of a disaster or an act of terrorism. This representative has the responsibility to:

Accepted Answer

Correct:The crisis communication officer is the first contact for patients,families,and employees within the facility or news media,so they may better understand the situation and know how to react and protect themselves.
Incorrect:a.The crisis communication officer communicates with the news media,as well as with individuals who work at or are consumers of the health care facility.
b.The crisis communication officer must calm the public and consumers of the facility.
d.The crisis communication officer is the voice to the public that supplies known facts.

Question 19

During a community health fair the disaster medical assistance team (DMAT) informs participants that every community must be ready to provide disaster care. A participant asks, "In a disaster, the local community cannot possibly be effective, so why not have a plan to call federal agencies immediately to provide relief?" The correct response by the DMAT is:

Accepted Answer

Correct:Each disaster begins locally,and each community responds first and receives assistance from state and federal agencies when local resources are not adequate for the situation.
Incorrect:a.The federal government becomes involved in any disaster when local and state resources are exhausted or overwhelmed.
c.Local,state,and federal agencies may be involved at each phase,depending on the local resources.
d.State and federal agencies do respond when other resources are exhausted or when help is needed with containment efforts.

Question 20

A state is devastated by a tornado killing many people, destroying communication systems, utility services, homes, and medical facilities. The state requests immediate assistance from the U.S. Congress and from surrounding states. The affected state should first contact the:

Accepted Answer

Correct:The EMAC is an organization authorized by the U.S.Congress through which a state impacted by a disaster can request and receive assistance from other member states quickly and efficiently.
Incorrect:b.The IOM convened a group of experts to address the issues related to the community response to major disasters.
c.The Red Cross is a volunteer agency.
d.Strategic National Stockpile has large quantities of medicine and medical supplies to protect the American public if there is a public health emergency severe enough to cause local supplies to be depleted.

Quiz 15: Emergency Preparedness and Response for Today’s World