Question 1

Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry.Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.

Accepted Answer

The professor's belief that depression results from abnormal brain chemistry suggests a focus on the physiological underpinnings of the disorder, which is consistent with a neuroscience perspective.

Question 2

Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight.Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires

Accepted Answer

Janna's issues with self-esteem are not only psychological, but also involve biological and social factors such as her weight and being teased. Therefore, a biopsychosocial approach is needed to fully appreciate and address her difficulties. Introspection and psychoanalysis may be helpful in understanding her thoughts and feelings, but they do not fully account for the external factors affecting her self-esteem. Massed practice is not relevant to this situation.

Question 3

Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psychological traits?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective emphasizes how inherited psychological traits and behaviors increase the chances of survival and reproductive success in a given environment. This perspective highlights the ways in which certain traits and behaviors are passed down from one generation to the next because they conferred reproductive advantages on individuals who possessed them.

Question 4

Depression and suicide are more common in today's North American culture than they were in the very different North American culture of nearly a century ago.But in both the past and the more recent cultural settings,pessimistic thinking and feelings of loneliness corresponded with a heightened risk of depression and suicide.This best illustrates that ________ often underlie cultural differences in behavior.

Accepted Answer

The fact that pessimistic thinking and loneliness are associated with a higher risk of depression and suicide in both a century ago and present-day North American culture suggests that common psychological processes may underlie the cultural differences in behavior. This suggests that people in different cultures may share certain psychological tendencies and processes that make them susceptible to certain types of behaviors or mental health issues.

Question 5

Discovering and promoting human strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive is the major focus of

Accepted Answer

The focus on discovering and promoting human strengths and positive qualities is the central tenet of positive psychology. The other options do not place as much emphasis on this aspect of psychology.

Question 6

Which perspective would suggest that the facial expressions associated with the emotions of lust and rage are inherited?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective suggests that certain facial expressions associated with emotions, such as lust and rage, are inherited and have developed over time through natural selection.

Question 7

The neuroscience perspective in psychology would be most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced by

Accepted Answer

The neuroscience perspective focuses on how the brain and nervous system influence behavior. Blood chemistry is directly related to the functioning of the nervous system, so it would be a key factor in this perspective.

Question 8

By suggesting that nurture works on what nature endows,psychologists highlight the fact that we are biologically endowed with a capacity for

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that our biological nature provides us with certain capacities, but it is through nurture that these capacities are developed and refined. The mention of "learning and adaptation" in option D best reflects this idea. Options A, B, and C do not accurately reflect the concept of nature working on what nurture endows.

Question 9

Which perspective would help us to understand the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience focuses on the study of the brain and nervous system, which would provide the best perspective for understanding the physical impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory.

Question 10

The enduring traditions,attitudes,ideas,and behaviors shared by a large group of people constitute their

Accepted Answer

Culture refers to the shared traditions, attitudes, ideas, and behaviors of a group of people. The other options do not accurately describe this concept.

Question 11

Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestors' genes.This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The belief that women's preference for tall and strong partners is a result of evolutionary processes suggests an evolutionary perspective, which emphasizes the importance of adaptation and survival of genes over time.

Question 12

Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on sexual preferences and behavior patterns.Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Professor Brody's focus on measuring the contributions of inborn traits and environmental factors aligns with the interests and methodology of the behavior genetics perspective. This perspective studies the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in shaping behavior, including sexual preferences and patterns. The other answer choices do not specifically align with Professor Brody's research interests.

Question 13

Exploring how we humans are diverse because of our differing genes and environments is the focus of

Accepted Answer

Behavior genetics is the study of how genes and environments interact to influence behavior and personality. It explores the ways in which individuals may differ due to their unique genetic makeup and life experiences. The other three options (cognitive psychology, evolutionary psychology, and humanistic psychology) are not directly focused on genetic and environmental influences on diversity.

Question 14

Different accounts of the same behavior that together give us a more complete understanding represent different

Accepted Answer

The different accounts represent different levels of analysis, such as the biological, psychological, and social levels. Taking into account all of these levels can provide a more complete understanding of the behavior. The other options (cognitive functions, unconscious motives, natural selections) do not relate to the concept of different accounts providing a more complete understanding.

Question 15

Exploring how we humans are alike because of our common biology and evolutionary history is the focus of

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology seeks to understand how our shared evolutionary history has shaped common human behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. This focus on shared traits and characteristics makes it the best fit for the given question. Cognitive neuroscience is concerned with studying how the brain supports cognitive processes and behaviors. Community psychology is focused on understanding how social factors can influence individuals and communities. Behavior genetics is concerned with studying how genes and environment interact to influence behavior and traits. None of these fields specifically address the question of common biology and evolutionary history.

Question 16

Which perspective studies the relative contributions of our genes and our environment on our individual differences?

Accepted Answer

Behavior genetics emphasizes the study of the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors in our individual differences.

Question 17

Studying people of all races and cultures is most helpful for

Accepted Answer

Studying people of all races and cultures helps to discern human similarities and differences, which contributes to a better understanding of human behavior and psychology. It also allows for a more diverse perspective and helps to prevent biases and stereotypes. The other options are not relevant to the benefits of studying people of all races and cultures.

Question 18

The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach includes multiple levels of analysis, including biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors, which all interact to influence human behavior and experience. SQ3R is a study method, introspection is a psychological technique, and humanistic psychology is a specific school of psychology, none of which are directly related to the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 19

Psychological differences between the genders are

Accepted Answer

The current understanding in psychology is that gender differences exist, but they are outweighed by gender similarities. There are broad and consistent psychological differences between men and women, but research has shown that they are relatively small compared to the similarities. Additionally, while some of these differences may be rooted in biological factors, cultural and social factors also play a significant role in shaping gender differences. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 20

The biopsychosocial approach incorporates different levels of analysis,which

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach acknowledges the interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors and considers each level of analysis as complementary to one another. This approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of human behavior and provides a framework for applied research in various fields, such as medicine, psychology, and sociology.

Quiz 1: Prologue