Question 1

Social learning theory emphasizes that

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory emphasizes that observation and imitation play a crucial role in the development of gender identity. This theory states that children learn gender roles through observing and imitating the behaviors of those around them, especially parents and peers. Children observe gender roles through interactions and relationships with adults and peers, as well as through media and the broader culture. Thus, observation and imitation are central to the development of gender identity under social learning theory. The other statements in choices B and C are not fully accurate or supported by social learning theory.

Question 2

Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking outfits because she wants to be treated like a woman.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

Gender typing refers to the process through which individuals acquire behaviors, beliefs, and values that correspond to their gender. In this scenario, Migdalia's insistence on wearing feminine-looking outfits is a behavior that is consistent with traditional gender roles for women, which is an example of gender typing.

Question 3

At the beginning of the twentieth century,only one country in the world granted women the right to vote.Today,only one country in the world denies women this right.This best illustrates a dramatic shift in

Accepted Answer

The statement illustrates the dramatic shift in gender roles, as it highlights the progression of women's rights and equality in various countries over the past century. The other options (B, C, D) are not relevant to the statement.

Question 4

Those who prefer to express a blend of traditionally masculine and traditionally feminine psychological characteristics demonstrate

Accepted Answer

Androgyny refers to the presence of both masculine and feminine traits in a person's personality. It does not necessarily relate to sexual orientation or gender identity.

Question 5

An infant boy was raised as a girl following a botched circumcision.During adolescence,the child ________ boys and ________ the assigned female identity.

Accepted Answer

The child, raised as a girl following a botched circumcision, did not accept the assigned female identity and showed no interest in behaviors typically associated with that gender, such as wanting to kiss boys. This reflects the complex interplay between biological sex and gender identity.

Question 6

The social roles assigned to women and men

Accepted Answer

The social roles assigned to women and men differ widely across cultures. While there may be some similarities or common patterns in how gender roles are constructed, the specific expectations and responsibilities for women and men can vary greatly depending on cultural values, beliefs, and practices. Gender roles also change over time, but this is not the only factor that shapes their variation across cultures.

Question 7

Mr.Eskenazi frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries.Mr.Eskenazi's contribution to the gender typing of his children would most likely be highlighted by

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory emphasizes the role of environment in shaping behavior, including gender roles and stereotypes. Mr. Eskenazi's differential treatment of his son and daughter in response to their emotions would likely contribute to the gender typing of his children by reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes that suggest boys should not express emotions while girls are encouraged to do so.

Question 8

When teased by his older sister,9-year-old Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys are not supposed to cry.Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Waldo's behavior is shaped by societal expectations of how boys should behave, which is an example of gender roles.

Question 9

In agricultural societies,children typically socialize into more distinct gender roles than do children in nomadic societies.This best illustrates that gender-role differences between social groups result from

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that the differences in gender roles between agricultural societies and nomadic societies are due to cultural influence, indicating that cultural factors play a significant role in shaping gender roles.

Question 10

The belief that boys are more independent than girls is a

Accepted Answer

The answer of The belief that boys are more independent...

Question 11

Children tend to organize their worlds into male and female categories.This best illustrates their use of

Accepted Answer

Gender schemas refer to the mental frameworks we use to organize and categorize information related to gender. Children tend to develop gender schemas at a young age, which can lead to the categorization of people and objects as male or female.

Question 12

Exposure to unusually high levels of testosterone during prenatal development led to the development of male-appearing genitals in a genetically female newborn.The newborn most clearly showed signs of

Accepted Answer

The description of a genetically female newborn possessing male-appearing genitals suggests a disorder of sexual development, also known as intersex. This could be due to exposure to high levels of testosterone during prenatal development, leading to atypical genital development. Androgyny refers to having both masculine and feminine characteristics, and is not a suitable description for this scenario. Bisexual orientation refers to a person's attraction to both sexes and is unrelated to genital development. Finally, secondary sex characteristics refer to physical features (such as facial hair, breast development, etc.) that distinguish males and females after puberty, but are not indicative of intersex conditions in newborns.

Question 13

A boy who consistently exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns demonstrates

Accepted Answer

The behavior of the boy described in the question is an example of gender typing, which refers to the process by which children acquire gendered attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs consistent with their biological sex. In this case, the boy is exhibiting traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns, which are culturally associated with boys and men.

Question 14

Julio feels comfortable assuming directive leadership roles but also enjoys being a good team player in supportive roles that require sensitivity to the needs of others.Julio best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Julio's comfort with both directive leadership roles and supportive roles that require sensitivity to others indicates that he embodies qualities traditionally associated with both masculine and feminine gender roles, making him an example of androgyny.

Question 15

A gender role refers to

Accepted Answer

A gender role refers to the set of expected behaviors that are associated with being male or female, which can vary across cultures and time periods. It is not necessarily linked to one's biological sex or sexual orientation.

Question 16

A disorder of sexual development is a condition that involves an unusual development of one's

Accepted Answer

A disorder of sexual development refers to a condition that involves an unusual development of sexual anatomy, which can affect the external genitalia, internal reproductive organs, or chromosomal makeup. This is distinct from sexual orientation (attraction to others), gender identity (one's internal sense of being male or female), and gender schemas (cognitive frameworks for understanding gender roles and expectations).

Question 17

The first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as ________ is to an adolescent girl.

Accepted Answer

Menarche is the onset of menstruation, which marks the beginning of a girl's ability to become pregnant. It is a significant milestone in physical development for adolescent girls, just as the first ejaculation is for adolescent boys. Options A, B, and D are not directly comparable to the experience of first ejaculation in boys. Sexual intercourse (option A) can occur before or after the first ejaculation and is not necessarily tied to adolescent development. Gender typing (option B) and androgyny (option D) are more related to gender identity and expression, not necessarily tied to a specific developmental milestone.

Question 18

Gender typing refers to the acquisition of

Accepted Answer

Gender typing refers to the process of adopting or internalizing the traditional societal roles and behaviors associated with being either male or female. This includes conforming to expectations of how males and females should behave, dress, and communicate. Gender typing may lead to gender identity, which is the internal sense of oneself as being either male or female.

Question 19

Gender identity refers to

Accepted Answer

Gender identity refers to the sense of being male, female, or a combination of the two, and is separate from one's biological sex. It is also separate from expected gender roles or how masculine or feminine a person presents themselves.

Question 20

Behaviors expected of those who occupy a particular social position define a

Accepted Answer

Behaviors expected of those who occupy a particular social position define a role. Norms are the unwritten and informal rules and expectations for behavior within a society. Schemas are cognitive frameworks that help individuals organize and interpret information about the world around them. A syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular condition or disorder.

Quiz 5: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity