Question 1

Emotional instability is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of

Accepted Answer

Emotional instability is another term for neuroticism in the Big Five personality traits. People high in neuroticism tend to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, sadness, and irritability more frequently and intensely than those low in neuroticism.

Question 2

Arguments as to whether people's behavior is more strongly influenced by temporary external influences or by enduring inner influences best characterize the

Accepted Answer

The person-situation controversy centers around the debate over whether people's behavior is more influenced by enduring inner traits or by temporary external factors. This controversy cuts across multiple perspectives in psychology and is an ongoing topic of debate.

Question 3

Sheen is usually animated and talkative when he is with his girlfriend,but he is often quiet and reserved at home.He actively participates in many class discussions but frequently seems reluctant to talk with friends at the campus coffee shop.Sheen's behavior should make us more cautious about overemphasizing the impact of ________ on behavior.

Accepted Answer

Sheen's behavior suggests that his personality traits may not be the sole determinant of his behavior, as his behavior varies drastically depending on the situation and context. This caution should make us wary of overemphasizing the impact of personality traits on behavior.

Question 4

Those who score high on the Big Five trait of _____ tend to have a larger frontal lobe area that aids in planning and controlling behavior.

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is associated with having a larger frontal lobe area, which is responsible for executive functions such as planning and controlling behavior. Studies have shown that individuals who score high on conscientiousness tend to have better performance in tasks that require planning and cognitive control.

Question 5

People's scores on a test of extraversion are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act in one particular situation.Their scores are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act on average over many different situations.

Accepted Answer

People's scores on a test of extraversion are poor predictors of their behavior in any specific situation due to the influence of situational factors and individual variability. However, these scores are good predictors of their behavior on average over many different situations, as they reflect general tendencies in personality that become more apparent across diverse contexts.

Question 6

Which theorists are most likely to be criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation?

Accepted Answer

Trait theorists are most likely to be criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation because they focus on stable, enduring traits that are presumed to be consistent across different contexts.

Question 7

Assessing an individual's standing on the Big Five today has the advantage of providing a(n)________ personality description.

Accepted Answer

The Big Five personality traits model provides a comprehensive description of an individual's personality by assessing five broad dimensions of personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 8

Sheryl is very outgoing and fun-loving.She prefers to be around other people most of the time.She most clearly ranks high on the Big Five trait dimension known as

Accepted Answer

Sheryl's preference for being around other people most of the time indicates high levels of extraversion, which is one of the Big Five trait dimensions.

Question 9

The Big Five trait dimensions were identified by means of

Accepted Answer

The Big Five trait dimensions were identified by means of factor analysis, which is a statistical procedure used to identify underlying factors or dimensions that explain the correlations among sets of observed variables.

Question 10

Features of the Big Five traits are common to people

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the features of the Big Five personality traits are consistently found across different human groups, including both collectivist and individualist cultures, as well as both democratic and non-democratic societies. Therefore, the traits are not limited to people from industrialized countries, individualist cultures or democratic cultures but are common to all human groups.

Question 11

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is the trait dimension that pertains to being responsible, organized, and reliable. A person who is careless and disorganized therefore ranks low on conscientiousness.

Question 12

Being highly imaginative is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of

Accepted Answer

Openness is the Big Five trait dimension associated with creativity, imagination, and openness to new experiences. People who score high on this trait tend to be curious, open-minded, and willing to explore new ideas and perspectives. Therefore, being highly imaginative is most closely related to openness.

Question 13

Studies of college students' conscientiousness revealed only a modest relationship between a student being conscientious on one occasion and being similarly conscientious on another occasion.This should make psychologists more cautious about overestimating the impact of ________ on behavior.

Accepted Answer

The statement highlights the limited impact of personality traits on behavior. Therefore, it suggests psychologists should be cautious about overestimating the impact of personality traits on behavior. Therefore, the best choice is B, personality traits. The other options, such as extraversion, self-actualization, and unconditional positive regard, are not mentioned in the text and are not directly related to the statement.

Question 14

Studies have correlated early trait scores with scores for the same traits seven years later.The weakest correlations were observed among

Accepted Answer

The question implies that the study looked at participants over a seven-year period, meaning the age range of participants likely spans from childhood to adulthood. The weakest correlations were observed among children, as they may not have fully developed their traits yet and may be more susceptible to changes in their environment. Therefore, choice A is the best option. The other options (B, C, and D) do not have enough context to determine their accuracy.

Question 15

Cultural changes over time within the United States and the Netherlands have been accompanied by ________ in extraversion and ________ in conscientiousness.

Accepted Answer

Cultural changes over time within the United States and the Netherlands have been accompanied by increases in extraversion and increases in conscientiousness.

Question 16

The Big Five traits show their greatest stability during

Accepted Answer

The Big Five traits show their greatest stability during adulthood. Research has shown that personality traits tend to stabilize and become more consistent after the age of 30, with little change occurring after that point. Therefore, the Big Five traits are likely to be most stable and consistent during adulthood.

Question 17

The person-situation controversy involves a debate regarding the influence of ________ and ________ on behavior.

Accepted Answer

The person-situation controversy centers around the debate over the impact of a person's environment (situation) versus their traits (personality) on their behavior. While some argue that individuals' dispositions and traits are consistent across situations and therefore play a greater role in their behavior, others argue that situational factors exert a much greater influence over people's behavior than their dispositions or traits. Self-concept, self-esteem, factor analysis, emotions, extraversion, and introversion are all related to personality and are not the focus of the person-situation controversy.

Question 18

Heritability generally runs about ________ percent or a tad more for each of the Big Five trait dimensions.

Accepted Answer

Heritability generally runs at about 50% or slightly higher for each of the Big Five trait dimensions, indicating a moderate genetic influence on these personality traits. Nevertheless, environmental factors also play a significant role in shaping personality.

Question 19

The use of positive-emotion words in text messaging is best predicted by the Big Five trait of

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of positive-emotion words in text...

Question 20

Which of the following statements would most likely appear on a lie scale?

Accepted Answer

Lie scales are designed to detect dishonesty or socially desirable responding in self-report measures. Statement D, "I have never disliked anyone," is highly improbable and suggests an unrealistic portrayal of oneself, making it a likely candidate for a lie scale.

Quiz 15: Personality